Objective: To estimate and compare the recurrence risk of preterm birth (PTB), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension (GH), and preeclampsia & eclampsia (PE & E) in subsequent pregnancy groups (index-subsequent) of singleton-singleton (n = 49,868), twin-singleton (n = 448), and singleton-twin (n = 723) pregnancies., Study Design: Birthing individuals from the NICHD Consecutive Pregnancy Study (2002-2010) with ≥ 2 singleton or twin deliveries were examined. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for recurrent PTB, GDM, GH, and PE & E were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance estimators., Results: The recurrence risk of PTB and GDM ranged from 1.4 - 5.1 and 5.2 - 22.7, respectively, with the greatest recurrence risk for both conditions in singleton-singleton subsequent pregnancies (PTB: aRR=5.1 (95% CI: 4.8-5.5), GDM: aRR=22.7 (95% CI: 20.8 - 24.8)). The recurrence risk of GH and PE & E ranged from 2.8 - 7.6 and 3.2 - 9.2, respectively, with the greatest recurrence risk for both conditions in twin-singleton subsequent pregnancies (GH: aRR=7.6 (95% CI: 2.8-20.5), PE & E: aRR=9.2 (95% CI: 2.9 - 28.6))., Conclusion: Recurrence risk was increased for PTB, GDM, GH and PE & E in all subsequent pregnancy groups, which varied in magnitude based on the birth number of the index and subsequent pregnancy. This information provides insight into risk management for subsequent pregnancies including multiples., Key Words: recurrence, preterm birth, diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)