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Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive Mendelian genetic disorder characterized by neonatal jaundice and hemolytic anemia, affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. The purpose of this research was to investigate prevalence rates of G6PD deficiency and to evaluate and establish specific cut-off values in early prediction of G6PD deficiency by regions (HeFei, FuYang, AnQing) on different seasons, as well as to investigate the frequencies of G6PD gene mutations among three regions mentioned above. Methods: A total of 31,482 neonates (21,402, 7680, and 2340 for HeFei, FuYang, and AnQing cities, respectively) were recruited. Positive subjects were recalled to attend genetic tests for diagnosis. G6PD activity on the Genetic screening processor (GSP analyzer, 2021-0010) was measured following the manufactureržs protocol. The cut-off value was first set to 35 U/dL. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was employed to assess and compare the efficiency in predicting G6PD deficiency among HeFei, FuYang, and AnQing cities in different seasons. Results: 31482 participants were screened for G6PD deficiency, and 29 neonates were finally identified with G6PD deficiency, with a prevalence rate of 0.09%. The incidence rate of the G6PD deficiency was 0.10% (22/21,380) for HeFei, 0.04%(3/7,667) for FuYang, and 0.17% (4/2,396) for AnQing. The optimal cut-off values of the ROC curve in the prediction of G6PD deficiency was 26.55 U/dL for HeFei (spring: 21.80 U/dL, summer: 26.55 U/dL, winter: 23.16 U/dL), 6.35 U/dL for FuYang, 7.15 U/dL for AnQing. R463H (17/57, 29.82%) was the most frequent variation, followed by R459L (15/57, 26.31%), H32R (8/57, 14.04%), L342F (6/57, 10.53%), V291M (6/57, 10.53%). Conclusion: We have established the optimal cut-off values of G6PD activity in predicting G6PD deficiency among HeFei, FuYang and AnQing in different seasons. This will aid the early detection of G6PD deficiency among neonates of the regions mentioned above. We have also investigated the prevalence of the regions and discovered frequency mutations. Those results will help G6PD screening promotion and precision diagnosis for Anhui province.

Context Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a risk factor for child neurodevelopmental delay. Maternal short sleep duration (SSD) may aggravate glucose metabolism disorder in women with GDM. However, it is unclear whether maternal SSD will further affect the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children. Objective To identify the association of GDM complicated with SSD and child neurodevelopmental delay. Methods This prospective study included 7069 mother-child pairs. Between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, GDM was based on the 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test. Self-reported sleep duration was collected via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire in the second (24-28 weeks) and third (32-36 weeks) trimesters. Outcomes of neurodevelopmental delay in 6 to 36 months postpartum were evaluated using Denver Developmental Screening Test-II and Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale. Results Compared with the unexposed group, women with "GDM + SSD" have the greatest risks of child neurodevelopmental delay (hazard ratio with 95% CI: 1.58 [1.03-2.44]). "GDM + SSD" was associated with the greatest risks of maternal-fetal glucose metabolic disorder. An interquartile ratio (0.58 mmol/L) increase in cord blood C-peptide was associated with the risk of child neurodevelopmental delay (hazard ratio with 95% CI: 1.28 [1.12-1.48]). The stronger linear association of maternal glucose metabolism profiles and C-peptide in women with "GDM + SSD" was also demonstrated. The proportion of association between "GDM + SSD" and child neurodevelopmental delay mediated by C-peptide was 14.4%. Conclusion GDM complicated with SSD was associated with increased risk for child neurodevelopmental delay by enhancing the intergenerational association of maternal-fetal glucose metabolism disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations have found maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause an intergenerational danger to their children's health. However, no study has investigated the effects of maternal ACEs on behavioral problems of preschool children in China and gender differences on these effects. This paper aims to investigate the role of maternal ACEs on behavioral problems of preschool children in China and explore gender differences as related to these behavioral problems. Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 7318 preschool children from 12 districts in Hefei city, China. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on maternal exposure to ACEs and Conners' Parent Rating Scales. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between maternal ACEs and children's behavioral problems. The prevalence of behavioral problems in preschool children was 16.0%, while it was higher among girls (18.4%) than boys (13.92%) (χ2 = 27.979, p < 0.001). The rate of behavioral problems in children in the group of mothers with ACEs was higher than those without ACEs (all p < 0.05). Maternal ACEs were associated with increased risk of the behavior problems in preschool children (adjusted OR 2.91, 95% CI 2.45–3.45), and no gender difference (in girls 3.01, 2.38–3.81, in boys 2.79, 2.17–3.58, respectively) was found. Maternal ACEs were associated with increased risk of each type of the behavioral problems of preschool children, except that maternal emotional neglect was not associated with psycho-physical problems, impulse-activities, and anxiety. The only gender differences found were higher conduct problems related to maternal emotional abuse and ACEs and higher anxiety related to maternal physical abuse and community violence in girls compared with boys. Mothers exposured to ACEs are more likely to have children with behavioral health problems in preschool period. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms by which maternal ACEs influence children's behavioral problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For wireless caching networks, the scheme design for content delivery is non-trivial in the face of the following tradeoff. On one hand, to optimize overall throughput, users can associate their nearby APs with great channel capacities; however, this may lead to unstable queue backlogs on APs and prolong request delays. On the other hand, to ensure queue stability, some users may have to associate APs with inferior channel states, which would incur throughput loss. Moreover, for such systems, how to conduct predictive scheduling to reduce delays and the fundamental limits of its benefits remain unexplored. In this paper, we formulate the problem of online user-AP association and resource allocation for content delivery with predictive scheduling under a fixed content placement as a stochastic network optimization problem. By exploiting its unique structure, we transform the problem into a series of modular maximization sub-problems with matroid constraints. Then we devise PUARA, a Predictive User-AP Association and Resource Allocation scheme which achieves a provably near-optimal throughput with queue stability. Our theoretical analysis and simulation results show that PUARA can not only perform a tunable control between throughput maximization and queue stability, but also incur a notable delay reduction with predicted information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart diseases caused by structure and function degradation is troubling millions of people all over the world. With the extension of human lifespan, the demand for heart valve replacement is rapidly increasing. However, the currently used prostheses of heart valve in clinic such as mechanical and tissue valves all have serious limitations over long‐term stability after implanting. Therefore, novel artificial heart valves with outstanding durability and low degradation risk are still in great demands, despite of numerous studies in the literature. The sophisticated, multiscale structure of native heart valve is believed to be the key to its mechanical and biological durability during long‐term cyclic motion. In this review, we discussed the complex structure of the native heart valve as well as their contributions to the valve's cyclic work. In addition, representative and state of the art studies of biomimetic heart valves inspired by the natural valve are also introduced. Based on these, the structural and functional design of future novel biomimetic heart valves are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The findings on the relationship between prenatal exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) and its constituent and children's growth trajectories are inconsistent. This association's sensitive exposure time window and possible gender differences remain unclear. Our aim was to determine the association between prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 and its component and children's growth trajectories by the age of two. From 2015 to 2021, 6407 mother-infant pairs were enrolled in the study. The PM 2.5 include sulfate (SO 4 2- ), nitrate (NO 3 - ), ammonium (NH 4 + ), organic matter (OM), and black carbon (BC), from the ChinaHighAirPollutants (CHAP) datasets. Children were followed at birth, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. Population-based and individual-based methods were used to simulate child growth trajectories: slow growth, normal growth, and rapid growth. The distributed lags modeling was used to identify sensitive time windows for the effects of prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 and its components on child growth. Sex-stratified analyses estimated sex differences. Median concentrations [interquartile ranges (IQRs)] were 57.46(17.3), 10.59(3.8), 14.26(4.4), 8.69(2.8), 13.05(3.4), and 2.53(0.7) μg/m 3 for PM 2.5 , SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , NH 4 + , OM, and BC, respectively. Compared with the normal growth trajectory group, exposure to PM 2.5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of rapid growth trajectory in boys (ORs with 95% CI for the entire, first trimester, and second trimester of pregnancy, respectively: 1.016[1.006,1.025], 1.007[1.002,1.011], 1.007[1.002,1.011]). Exposure to PM 2.5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of slow growth trajectory in girls (ORs with 95% CI for the entire, second trimester, and third trimester of pregnancy, respectively: 1.010 [1.001,1.018], 1.006 [1.001,1.011], 1.007 [1.002,1.012]). Prenatal PM 2.5 and its composition exposure was positively associated with BMI peak in boys (βs with 95% CI for PM 2.5 , SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , NH 4 + , OM, BC: 0.004[0.000,0.007], 0.025[0.006,0.044], 0.012[0.002,0.023], 0.022[0.004,0.039], 0.016[0.001,0.031], 0.082[0.005,0.159]), and not statistically significant in girls. We observed a more pronounced BC effect in our cohort. Prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 and its component, especially at 10-22 weeks of gestation, is associated with a higher risk of rapid growth in boys and a risk of slow growth in girls., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

In this paper, a cataluminescence (CTL) gas sensor based on flower-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) is developed. The experimental results show that it has high sensitivity and selectivity to acetaldehyde. The CTL sensor has the advantage of fast response; the response time is about 3 s and the recovery time is about 40 s. The optimal working temperature of this sensor is 174 °C, which is lower than that of the CTL sensors used for acetaldehyde detection in many other reports. Under the optimized conditions, the CTL signal intensity shows a good linear relationship with acetaldehyde concentration ( R 2 = 0.9991) within the concentration range of 40-2000 ppm, and the detection limit (LOD) is 3.75 ppm. The selectivity experiment results show that the sensor has an obvious response to acetaldehyde and a very weak response to acetic acid, and has no response to many other VOCs (ether, cyclohexane, butyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, toluene, formaldehyde, glycerol, trichloromethane and xylene). After 8 repeated measurements for four weeks, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the CTL sensor is 1.03%, indicating that it has good reproducibility and stability, which shows that the CTL sensor has a promising prospect for the detection of acetaldehyde.