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Long segment trachea defects are repaired by tracheal substitution, while decellularized technology has been effectively employed to prepare tissue engineering trachea (TET). However, its clinical application is restricted by the long preparation cycle, while poor vascularization is associated with the transplantation failure. In the present study, we used sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) to develop a novel rapid decellularized tracheal preparation method, then constructed a TET with revascularization functions. Summarily, we decellularized rabbit trachea using various SLES concentrations. Results from histological analysis, immunohistochemical and DAPI staining, as well as DNA quantitative assay, revealed that 1–0.1% (v/v) SLES treatment not only entirely removed cellular components to reduce its immunogenicity, but also retained the tracheal matrix's gross structure. SEM images, safranine O-fast green staining, total collagen content assay and collagen II immunofluorescence revealed that low SLES concentrations preserved the bioactive components of the decellularized tracheal matrix. Next, we performed cytobiocompatible and cytotoxin assays to verify biocompatibility of the decellularized tracheal matrix, and is confirmed by the omentum transplantation of rats. Results from omentum transplantation revealed that the decellularized tracheal matrix had low immunogenicity and excellent biocompatibility. Its revascularization capacity was confirmed by histologic appearance and CD31 immunofluorescence. Based on these findings, we selected 0.1% (v/v) as the optimal SLES concentration for preparing a decellularized tracheal matrix. Next, we seeded allogeneic bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) onto the matrix to construct TET patches. In vivo tracheal defect reconstruction confirmed the biocompatibility and revascularization capacity of this novel TET, and the formation of a vascular network around the patch promoted submucosa and mucosa regeneration without significant stenosis, 4 weeks post-surgery. In conclusion, we used SLES to successfully develop a novel decellularized approach for the preparation of TET, which has low immunogenic and inflammatory responses, as well as excellent biocompatibility, and revascularization ability in vivo without additional exogenous cytokines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: To explore the clinical value of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology combined with 3D printing in the treatment of pectus excavatum (PE). METHODS: The clinical data of 10 patients with PE in our department from June 2018 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent thin-layer computed tomography examination before the operation, and then 3D reconstruction was performed with Mimics 20.0 software. The radian and curvature of the pectus bar were designed according to the reconstructed images. Afterward, the images were imported into the light-curing 3D printer in STL format for slice printing. Hence that the personalized operation scheme, including the size of the pectus bar and the surgical approach, can be made according to the 3D printed model. The thoracoscopic-assisted Nuss operation was completed by bilateral incisions. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative hospitalization were counted and analyzed. The satisfaction of the surgery was evaluated according to the Haller index and the most posterior sternal compression sternovertebral distance. RESULTS: The surgeries were successfully completed in 10 patients without a transfer to open procedure. The average operation time was (56 ± 8.76) min, the intraoperative blood loss was (23.5 ± 11.07) mL, and the postoperative hospitalization was (7.2 ± 0.92) d. There were no serious complications or death during the perioperative period. Compared with the data before the operation, the most posterior sternal compression sternovertebral distance was larger, and the Haller index was lower, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 3D reconstruction technology combined with 3D printing, which can be used before operation, contributes to the operator performing thoracoscopic-assisted Nuss operation safely and effectively, which has productive clinical application value for the treatment of pectus excavatum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pathomics has emerged as a promising biomarker that could facilitate personalized immunotherapy in lung cancer. It is essential to elucidate the global research trends and emerging prospects in this domain., Methods: The annual distribution, journals, authors, countries, institutions, and keywords of articles published between 2018 and 2023 were visualized and analyzed using CiteSpace and other bibliometric tools., Results: A total of 109 relevant articles or reviews were included, demonstrating an overall upward trend; The terms "deep learning", "tumor microenvironment", "biomarkers", "image analysis", "immunotherapy", and "survival prediction", etc. are hot keywords in this field., Conclusion: In future research endeavors, advanced methodologies involving artificial intelligence and pathomics will be deployed for the digital analysis of tumor tissues and the tumor microenvironment in lung cancer patients, leveraging histopathological tissue sections. Through the integration of comprehensive multi-omics data, this strategy aims to enhance the depth of assessment, characterization, and understanding of the tumor microenvironment, thereby elucidating a broader spectrum of tumor features. Consequently, the development of a multimodal fusion model will ensue, enabling precise evaluation of personalized immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis for lung cancer patients, potentially establishing a pivotal frontier in this domain of investigation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yuan, Shen, Shan, Zhu, Wang, Lu and Shi.)

Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles are the most widely used magnetic nanoparticles in the biomedicine field. The biodistribution of most nanoparticles in vivo is determined by the capture of macrophages; however, the effects of nanoparticles on macrophages remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles could reduce macrophage viability after 48 h of treatment and induce a shift in macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype; RNA sequencing revealed the activation of the ferroptosis pathway and p53 upregulation compared to the control group. The expression in p53, xCT, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and transferrin receptor (TFR) in macrophages was similar to that in erastin-induced ferroptosis in macrophages, and the ultrastructural morphology of mitochondria was consistent with that of erastin-treated cells. We used DCFH-DA to estimate the intracellular reactive oxygen species content in Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles treated with Ana-1 and JC-1 fluorescent probes to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential change; both showed to be time-dependent. Fer-1 inhibited the reduction of the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and inhibited intracellular oxidative stress states; therefore, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles induced ferroptosis in macrophages. Finally, we used pifithrin-α hydrobromide (PFT) as a p53 inhibitor to verify whether the high expression of p53 is involved in mediating this process. After PFT treatment, the live/dead cell rate, TFR, p53 expression, and GPX4 consumption were inhibited and mitigated the GSH/GSSG ratio reduction as well. This indicates that p53 may contribute to Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle-induced ferroptosis of macrophages. We provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in macrophages and the biotoxicity in vivo induced by Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles.

Background: Iron is used to alter macrophage phenotypes and induce tumor cell death. Iron oxide nanoparticles can induce macrophage polarization into the M1 phenotype, which inhibits tumor growth and can dissociate into iron ions in macrophages., Objective: In this study, we proposed to construct high expression of Ferroportin1 macrophages as carriers to deliver Fe3O4-nanoparticles and iron directly to tumor sites., Methods: Three sizes of Fe 3 O 4 -nanoparticles with gradient concentrations were used. The migration ability of iron-carrying macrophages was confirmed by an in vitro migration experiment and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 detection. The release of iron from macrophages was confirmed by determining their levels in the cell culture supernatant, and we constructed a high expression of ferroportin strain of macrophage lines to increase intracellular iron efflux by increasing membrane transferrin expression. Fe 3 O 4 -NPs in Ana-1 cells were degraded in lysosomes, and the amount of iron released was correlated with the expression of ferroportin1., Results: After Fe 3 O 4 -nanoparticles uptake by macrophages, not only polarized macrophages into M1 phenotype, but the nanoparticles also dissolved in the lysosome and iron were released out of the cell. FPN1 is the only known Fe transporter; we use a Lentiviral vector carrying the FPN1 gene transfected into macrophages, has successfully constructed Ana-1-FPN1 cells, and maintains high expression of FPN1. Ana-1-FPN1 cells increase intracellular iron release. Fe 3 O 4 -nanoparticles loaded with engineered Ana-1 macrophages can act as a "reservoir" of iron., Conclusion: Our study provides proof of strategy for Fe 3 O 4 -NPs target delivery to the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, increase of intracellular iron efflux by overexpression of FPN1, cell carriers can act as a reservoir for iron, providing the basis for targeted delivery of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs and iron ions in vivo., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Objective: To evaluate the biological properties of modified 3D printing scaffold (PTS) and applied the hybrid graft for in situ transplantation., Methods: PTS was prepared via 3D printing and modified by Pluronic F-127. Biocompatibility of the scaffold was examined in vitro to ascertain its benefit in attachment and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Moreover, a hybrid trachea was constructed by combining the modified PTS with decellularized matrix. Finally, two animal models of in situ transplantation were established, one for repairing tracheal local window-shape defects and the other for tracheal segmental replacement., Results: The rough surface and chemical elements of the scaffold were improved after modification by Pluronic F-127. Results of BMSCs inoculation showed that the modified scaffold was beneficial to attachment and proliferation. The epithelial cells were seen crawling on and attaching to the patch, 30 days following prothetic surgery of the local tracheal defects. Furthermore, the advantages of the modified PTS and decellularized matrix were combined to generate a hybrid graft, which was subsequently applied to a tracheal segmental replacement model., Conclusion: Pluronic F-127-based modification generated a PTS with excellent biocompatibility. The modified scaffold has great potential in development of future therapies for tracheal replacement and reconstruction., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2022.)