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Abstract Background Although most cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) respond to treatment with remdesivir or GS‐441524 or both with uneventful clinical courses, some die despite treatment. Objective Identify predictive factors associated with short‐term mortality in cats with FIP treated with IV remdesivir or PO GS‐441524 or both. Animals A total of 108 client‐owned cats with FIP. Methods Retrospective multicenter study using data collected from medical records. Factors associated with short‐term mortality, defined as death within 84 days, were identified. Univariate analysis a t‐test, Mann‐Whitney U test, or Fisher's exact test and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess patient characteristics and clinicopathological variables between survivors and nonsurvivors. Results The short‐term mortality rate was 12.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6%‐19.7%). Univariate analysis identified plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH; P

Background: Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA), which originates from endothelial cells, is one of the most common malignant neoplasms that frequently develop metastatic lesions. Although anthracycline-based HSA treatment strategies have been widely investigated, reliable therapy for dogs with clinically advanced-stage HSA (stage 3 HSA) has not been established yet. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, exhibits anti-tumor effects against tumors originating from vascular endothelial cells, indicating the possibility that propranolol is a candidate adjunctive agent for anthracycline-based therapy in dogs with stage 3 HSA. This study aimed to evaluate the clinically efficacy and adverse events of anthracycline and propranolol combination in stage 3 HSA-affected dogs. Case Description: We retrospectively investigated 5 dogs diagnosed with stage 3 HSA which were administered with both anthracycline and propranolol during the same period between January 2020 and August 2021. Clinical benefit was observed in 4 of 5 HSA dogs (1 of complete response [CR], 1 of partial response [PR] and 2 of stable disease [SD]) with gross metastatic lesions by anthracycline and propranolol combination. Notably, some or all of the metastatic lesions were reduced in 2 cases. In all 5 dogs administered with anthracycline and propranolol combination, no serious and irreversible adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the efficacy and safety of anthracycline and propranolol combination in stage 3 HSA-affected dogs. Further studies are needed to establish treatment protocols based on anthracycline and propranolol combination for dogs with advanced HSA. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(6.000): 801-806]

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is useful for evaluating the anatomical position of the adrenal gland and the presence of adrenal tumor (AT) metastasis or vascular invasion from ATs. Aim: To determine a weight-independent reference for adrenal gland size in normal dogs using CT. Methods: The medical records database of Gifu University was searched for data collected from April 2010 to December 2015 for records of dogs that underwent abdominal CT. The CT images were retrospectively analyzed using a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine viewer. The ratios of the minor axes of the adrenal glands to the height of the spinal cavity were investigated. Results: In total, 939 dogs were included. The left and right adrenal minor axes showed a moderate positive correlation with body weight (right: r = 0.61, p < 0.05; left: r = 0.54, p < 0.05). The L4 spinal cavity height showed a strong positive correlation with body weight (r = 0.82, p < 0.05). The left and right adrenal minor axis/L4 spinal cavity ratio did not correlate with body weight (right: r = 0.02, p = 0.53; left: r = −0.082, p < 0.05). The 95% confidence intervals of the adrenal minor axis/L4 spinal cavity ratios were as follows: right: 0.5–1.3 and left: 0.5–1.4. Conclusion: These results indicate that the adrenal minor axis/L4 spinal cavity ratio can be used as an index of adrenal gland size that is not affected by body weight. Patients in whom the adrenal minor axis/L4 spinal cavity ratio exceeds the upper limit (right 1.3, left 1.4) may have adrenal swelling. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(2.000): 218-224]

Case summary A 12-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with a 2-week history of serous unilateral nasal discharge, swelling of the nasal bridge and sneezing. Whole-body CT revealed a mass filling the entire right nasal cavity with lysis of the cribriform plate. The cat was diagnosed with sinonasal large-cell lymphoma based on cytopathological analysis, with PCR-based lymphocyte clonality testing showing a monoclonal population with rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. The cat received radiotherapy with a dose of 30 Gy in seven fractions given three times weekly, and then cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP)-based chemotherapy was initiated soon after completion of the radiotherapy schedule. Despite this treatment, CT performed 4 months after radiotherapy revealed enlargement of the lesion in the right nasal cavity consistent with presumed progression of the cat’s lymphoma. The cat then received rescue chemotherapy with chlorambucil, which markedly reduced the size of the disease burden in the nasal and frontal sinus without severe adverse effects. At the time of writing, the cat was receiving chlorambucil for 7 months without any clinical signs suggestive of tumour relapse. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first case of feline sinonasal lymphoma with chlorambucil used as rescue chemotherapy. This case indicates that chemotherapy with chlorambucil may be a useful treatment option for cats with relapsing sinonasal lymphoma following radiotherapy and/or CHOP-based chemotherapy.