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Background: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a global challenge with rising prevalence, inadequate compliance, and poor outcomes. Aims: Assess the effect of a 2-only-daily-meals with exercise lifestyle (2-OMEX) on (a) HbA1c, (b) anti-diabetic medication count (ADMC), (c) Kcal intakes, body weight, fasting insulin, and subjective well-being. Materials and Methods: This is a single-arm follow-up study conducted in a free 2-OMEX clinic in 2019–2020. Information for two meals and exercise compliance was obtained during the clinic visit. HbA1c was tested by HPLC and fasting insulin by the CLIA/CMIA method in private laboratories. Results: Eligible subjects (f = 49, m = 116) completing two or more visits and 60 days of follow-up had a mean age of 55.92 (10.43) years, a T2D duration of 8.20 (6.28) years, and a median observation period of 140 days. Statistically significant changes included HbA1c decline from 7.69 (1.70) to 7.00 (1.20) gm% (equivalent by the LogNormal method to 1.088 gm%), average weight loss at 5%(m), and 2%(f). ADMC declined from 2.32 to 2.14, the difference being significant with the WSR test (z = 2.0087, P = 0.0223). Subjects attaining anti-diabetic medication-free and normoglycemic status (HbA1c < 6.5 gm%) were 20 (12%). The number attaining HbA1c ≤ 7 gm%) significantly rose from 73 (44%) to 101 (61%) with an ADMC of 1.9 (chi-square = 9.531, df1, P = 0.0020203). Participants reported 'feeling energetic' (79%), feeling lighter (50%), and better sleep (35%). Average energy intakes dropped by 120 Kcal to 1580/day. Fasting insulin remained unchanged, from 12.61 (11.06) to 12.34 (11.78) mlU/L. The dropout rate was 35%. Conclusions: The 2-OMEX lifestyle showed a sizeable, favorable, and significant change in HbA1c, body weight, ADMC use in five months, and subjective benefits. Studies are necessary for remission impact and pathways.

Context: Skinfold thickness (SFT) and body-fat (BF%) are infrequently used for childhood undernutrition. Aims: a) Estimation of SFT at peripheral and truncal sites (b) Estimation of BF% from SFTs (c) Correlate SFT estimates with MUAC, BMI and Waist. (d) Compare rural/tribal SFTs with urban schoolchildren. Settings and Design: Ashram schools in rural/tribal settings and one urban school. Methods and Material: Using three stage sampling, four tribal schools were randomly selected and an urban school was added for comparison. A sub sample of 405 students in the age group of 7 to 15 years were included. Height, weight, MUAC and SFTs were measured BF% was estimated with Slaughter equation. Statistical Analysis: Using Excel, Epi Info 7.1 and R software, appropriate t tests were applied for comparisons, and correlation was estimated between the quantitative variables. Results: Average SFT among schoolchildren (405) was 6.64 mm. Girls (n = 215) had a BF% of 13.1%, while boys (n = 190) had BF at 11.5%. Average SFT for boys (6.69) and girls (6.48) had no statistically significant difference (t = 1.3, P = 0.1929). Boys had higher average peripheral SFT than truncal SFT while girls had higher truncal SFTs. In girls subscapular SFT was higher than triceps SFT. Median BF% in rural was lower than urban schoolchildren. BF% correlated strongly with BMI (0.56), Waist (0.63), Hip (0.61) and MUAC (0.59). Conclusion: SFT and BF % can be effectively used to detect undernutrition. Geographical and Gender differences are observed. SFT and BF% correlated well with BMI and MUAC.