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In the dynamic scenario of Agricultural Supply Chain (ASC) management, this thesis focuses on the development of a software architecture in line with the principles of Industry 5.0. To achieve this, following the methodology proposed by Fink for a systematic literature review, both the current technological state and previous architectures in the agricultural domain were extensively explored. Specific tools and conceptual architectures with notable integration deficiencies were identified during this exploration. The assessment of the technological state in the case studies located in Susudel and Riobamba highlighted their deficiencies and revealed a tendency towards lower scores. Although the evaluation was confined to Industry 4.0, it provided an initial insight into addressing these shortcomings. Based on the literature review and practical cases, an architecture centered on the integration of information systems for ASC management was formulated. The design was oriented towards the effective integration of systems, emphasizing key components such as "Product Traceability," "Accountability," and "Management Analytics." The evaluation and refinement of the architecture included both a theoretical review and practical validation through real-case scenarios. Critical decisions, such as the adoption of a distributed architecture, an API Gateway, and a cache server, enhanced operational efficiency. These adjustments significantly reinforce the overall performance of the architecture, addressing identified challenges and layin g the groundwork for more robust and efficient management of the CSA in a dynamic environment.

In the dynamic scenario of Agricultural Supply Chain (ASC) management, this thesis focuses on the development of a software architecture in line with the principles of Industry 5.0. To achieve this, following the methodology proposed by Fink for a systematic literature review, both the current technological state and previous architectures in the agricultural domain were extensively explored. Specific tools and conceptual architectures with notable integration deficiencies were identified during this exploration. The assessment of the technological state in the case studies located in Susudel and Riobamba highlighted their deficiencies and revealed a tendency towards lower scores. Although the evaluation was confined to Industry 4.0, it provided an initial insight into addressing these shortcomings. Based on the literature review and practical cases, an architecture centered on the integration of information systems for ASC management was formulated. The design was oriented towards the effective integration of systems, emphasizing key components such as "Product Traceability," "Accountability," and "Management Analytics." The evaluation and refinement of the architecture included both a theoretical review and practical validation through real-case scenarios. Critical decisions, such as the adoption of a distributed architecture, an API Gateway, and a cache server, enhanced operational efficiency. These adjustments significantly reinforce the overall performance of the architecture, addressing identified challenges and layin g the groundwork for more robust and efficient management of the CSA in a dynamic environment.

The Facility Layout Problem (FLP) refers to finding the most effective arrangement of facilities in a factory, considering various aspects. These facilities could include departments, personnel, or machinery, to name a few examples. The FLP is an NP-Hard problem, meaning that there are no algorithms capable of providing an optimal solution in a reasonable polynomial time. Due to this, researchers have turned to metaheuristics and have attempted to combine them to create hybrids. Hybrid metaheuristics can leverage the strengths of each approach to generate higher-quality solutions that are close to optimal. However, many studies that develop hybrid metaheuristics do not use a methodology that explains the development process. For this reason, this work focuses on composing a hybrid metaheuristic following a methodology that encourages the use of SWOT analysis, the Strategic Choice Approach, and Convergent/Divergent Thinking. The hybrid metaheuristic called GENTSA was constructed using a Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing, and Tabu Search. GENTSA solves the FLP that arises in small and medium-sized textile businesses in Ecuador, which was used as a case study. Additionally, as part of its validation, test functions obtained from the state of the art were used. GENTSA was compared to other metaheuristics where it achieves the best facility layout with the lowest cost and reasonably adapts to problem domains beyond its original design scope.

The Facility Layout Problem (FLP) refers to finding the most effective arrangement of facilities in a factory, considering various aspects. These facilities could include departments, personnel, or machinery, to name a few examples. The FLP is an NP-Hard problem, meaning that there are no algorithms capable of providing an optimal solution in a reasonable polynomial time. Due to this, researchers have turned to metaheuristics and have attempted to combine them to create hybrids. Hybrid metaheuristics can leverage the strengths of each approach to generate higher-quality solutions that are close to optimal. However, many studies that develop hybrid metaheuristics do not use a methodology that explains the development process. For this reason, this work focuses on composing a hybrid metaheuristic following a methodology that encourages the use of SWOT analysis, the Strategic Choice Approach, and Convergent/Divergent Thinking. The hybrid metaheuristic called GENTSA was constructed using a Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing, and Tabu Search. GENTSA solves the FLP that arises in small and medium-sized textile businesses in Ecuador, which was used as a case study. Additionally, as part of its validation, test functions obtained from the state of the art were used. GENTSA was compared to other metaheuristics where it achieves the best facility layout with the lowest cost and reasonably adapts to problem domains beyond its original design scope.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an increasingly relevant concept for companies, since it allows increasing competitiveness and improving the image of the company in the market. The incorporation of CSR elements in business operations requires consideration of various aspects such as employee and customer satisfaction, product quality and the impact generated by their activities. For this reason, companies have shown a growing interest in CSR concepts, as well as the use of tools to determine the degree of implementation of CSR elements in an organization. The purpose of this work is the development of a web application to evaluate the level of integration of CSR elements in MiPymes of the textile sector in Ecuador. The development of the proposed software began with a study of CSR concepts, norms and standards, in order to establish objectives, restrictions, scope and requirements of the project. This study also made it possible to define which CSR elements would be used in this project. Likewise, a search and analysis of methods was carried out to establish the level of CSR of an organization. Then, with the results obtained, the web application was developed. After development, tests of the software tool were carried out. These tests were carried out with the managerial staff or those related to CSR issues of two MiPymes of the textile sector in Ecuador. Then we proceeded to analyze the results, which allowed us to establish conclusions and guidelines for future work.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an increasingly relevant concept for companies, since it allows increasing competitiveness and improving the image of the company in the market. The incorporation of CSR elements in business operations requires consideration of various aspects such as employee and customer satisfaction, product quality and the impact generated by their activities. For this reason, companies have shown a growing interest in CSR concepts, as well as the use of tools to determine the degree of implementation of CSR elements in an organization. The purpose of this work is the development of a web application to evaluate the level of integration of CSR elements in MiPymes of the textile sector in Ecuador. The development of the proposed software began with a study of CSR concepts, norms and standards, in order to establish objectives, restrictions, scope and requirements of the project. This study also made it possible to define which CSR elements would be used in this project. Likewise, a search and analysis of methods was carried out to establish the level of CSR of an organization. Then, with the results obtained, the web application was developed. After development, tests of the software tool were carried out. These tests were carried out with the managerial staff or those related to CSR issues of two MiPymes of the textile sector in Ecuador. Then we proceeded to analyze the results, which allowed us to establish conclusions and guidelines for future work.

Environmental impact research and monitoring projects currently generate a large volume of data with different storage formats. Initiatives focused on organizing and evaluating such data need an organization within what is known as an environmental database. Therefore, thanks to technological advances in hardware and software for the storage and visualization of information, the expectations of consultants and clients regarding the data management obtained throughout the project's life cycle have also increased. Given these expectations, there is a need to create a prototype focused on storing and managing environmental meta-information essential data to know the path of a product. To this end, the prototype was built with the agile methodology called SCRUM, based on teamwork generating results in a given period. Additionally, various technologies were used to develop the application, such as the Python programming language, the PostgreSQL database management system, and the Django Rest Framework development framework. The practical contribution of the research is the development of a prototype for web implementation, which manages information from life cycle analysis (LCA) files. One or several users have access to the meta-information of the LCA files obtained by the life cycle inventory (LCI). These data are published in the environmental database implemented as the prototype. Users can make personalized queries on the meta-information and have more specific and relevant data for their interests. They can also analyze the path of the information through different versions. In this manner, it is concluded that, by developing the web prototype, its implementation, and testing, this titling work supports the registration and analysis of environmental meta-information to manage life cycle inventories.

Environmental impact research and monitoring projects currently generate a large volume of data with different storage formats. Initiatives focused on organizing and evaluating such data need an organization within what is known as an environmental database. Therefore, thanks to technological advances in hardware and software for the storage and visualization of information, the expectations of consultants and clients regarding the data management obtained throughout the project's life cycle have also increased. Given these expectations, there is a need to create a prototype focused on storing and managing environmental meta-information essential data to know the path of a product. To this end, the prototype was built with the agile methodology called SCRUM, based on teamwork generating results in a given period. Additionally, various technologies were used to develop the application, such as the Python programming language, the PostgreSQL database management system, and the Django Rest Framework development framework. The practical contribution of the research is the development of a prototype for web implementation, which manages information from life cycle analysis (LCA) files. One or several users have access to the meta-information of the LCA files obtained by the life cycle inventory (LCI). These data are published in the environmental database implemented as the prototype. Users can make personalized queries on the meta-information and have more specific and relevant data for their interests. They can also analyze the path of the information through different versions. In this manner, it is concluded that, by developing the web prototype, its implementation, and testing, this titling work supports the registration and analysis of environmental meta-information to manage life cycle inventories.

Environmental impact research and monitoring projects currently generate a large volume of data with different storage formats. Initiatives focused on organizing and evaluating such data need an organization within what is known as an environmental database. Therefore, thanks to technological advances in hardware and software for the storage and visualization of information, the expectations of consultants and clients regarding the data management obtained throughout the project's life cycle have also increased. Given these expectations, there is a need to create a prototype focused on storing and managing environmental meta-information essential data to know the path of a product. To this end, the prototype was built with the agile methodology called SCRUM, based on teamwork generating results in a given period. Additionally, various technologies were used to develop the application, such as the Python programming language, the PostgreSQL database management system, and the Django Rest Framework development framework. The practical contribution of the research is the development of a prototype for web implementation, which manages information from life cycle analysis (LCA) files. One or several users have access to the meta-information of the LCA files obtained by the life cycle inventory (LCI). These data are published in the environmental database implemented as the prototype. Users can make personalized queries on the meta-information and have more specific and relevant data for their interests. They can also analyze the path of the information through different versions. In this manner, it is concluded that, by developing the web prototype, its implementation, and testing, this titling work supports the registration and analysis of environmental meta-information to manage life cycle inventories.

Collections management in university libraries is a fundamental activity, since it is in charge of providing a set of bibliographic sources that satisfy the information needs. However, in some cases access to certain sources may have a high economic value. Based on this premise, there is a need for strategies/methods to help make decisions regarding collection management. At the University of Cuenca, this process is managed based on certain guidelines such as databases with greater global significance or usage statistics generated by the providers, which partially reflect the scientific and academic activity, as well as the information needs. For this reason, the purpose of this degree work is to implement a web system that allows the generation of a knowledge base based on the discovery of publication and citation patterns that support this type of decisions. For this process, scientific articles of researchers with affiliation to the University of Cuenca indexed in Scopus and Latindex in the period (2016 - 2020) are taken into consideration, a methodology for data analysis and collection was applied, as well as certain concepts of bibliometric analysis such as Bradford's law and data mining techniques for data processing. In addition, the traditional development methodology was used as a reference for the development of the system. Among the main results, it was possible to obtain a list of bibliographic sources (scientific journals) where most is published, cited, consulted and have the highest impact factor. These sources are verified if it is available in the bibliographic databases contracted by the University of Cuenca, information of great relevance that supports the decision making process.

Collections management in university libraries is a fundamental activity, since it is in charge of providing a set of bibliographic sources that satisfy the information needs. However, in some cases access to certain sources may have a high economic value. Based on this premise, there is a need for strategies/methods to help make decisions regarding collection management. At the University of Cuenca, this process is managed based on certain guidelines such as databases with greater global significance or usage statistics generated by the providers, which partially reflect the scientific and academic activity, as well as the information needs. For this reason, the purpose of this degree work is to implement a web system that allows the generation of a knowledge base based on the discovery of publication and citation patterns that support this type of decisions. For this process, scientific articles of researchers with affiliation to the University of Cuenca indexed in Scopus and Latindex in the period (2016 - 2020) are taken into consideration, a methodology for data analysis and collection was applied, as well as certain concepts of bibliometric analysis such as Bradford's law and data mining techniques for data processing. In addition, the traditional development methodology was used as a reference for the development of the system. Among the main results, it was possible to obtain a list of bibliographic sources (scientific journals) where most is published, cited, consulted and have the highest impact factor. These sources are verified if it is available in the bibliographic databases contracted by the University of Cuenca, information of great relevance that supports the decision making process.