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Educationalists’, researchers’, and policy makers’ work on children’s digital resilience has marginalised the role of the broader context within which digital resilience is constituted, experienced and derived. We aimed to address this lacuna by exploring how pre-teen’s digital resilience operates as a dynamic socio-ecological process. Addressing this aim, we employed participatory methods and thematically analysed eight focus groups with children aged 8–12 years (n = 59) and 20 telephone interviews with parents/carers and teachers of 8–12-year-olds and internet safety experts to examine this issue. We used purposive sampling and collected data over three months (January-March 2020). Our analysis constructed a matrix of main themes, constituent, and cross-cutting sub-themes. By placing this within a socio-ecological framework, we illustrate how pre-teens’ digital resilience operates within and across differing four levels (individual, home, community and societal) and four domains (learning, recognising, managing, and recovery). The paper advances the literature by illustrating how children can be supported to build and show digital resilience within and across different levels and domains. It is argued that digital resilience should be re-conceptualised as a collective endeavour involving children at an individual level, parents/carers within home environments, youth workers, civil society, teachers, and schools at a community level, along with governments, policymakers, and the education system and internet corporations at a societal level. We conclude by providing practice and research recommendations guiding those supporting children to facilitate opportunities to thrive online.

The flavin derivatives 10-methyl-isoalloxazine (MIA) and 6-fluoro-10-methyl-isoalloxazine (6F-MIA) were incorporated in two alternative metal-organic frameworks, (MOFs) MIL-53(Al) and MOF-5. We used a post-synthetic, diffusion-based incorporation into microcrystalline MIL-53 powders with one-dimensional (1D) pores and an in-situ approach during the synthesis of MOF-5 with its 3D channel network. The maximum amount of flavin dye incorporation is 3.9 wt% for MIA@MIL-53(Al) and 1.5 wt% for 6F-MIA@MIL-53(Al), 0.85 wt% for MIA@MOF-5 and 5.2 wt% for 6F-MIA@MOF-5. For the high incorporation yields the probability to have more than one dye molecule in a pore volume is significant. As compared to the flavins in solution, the fluorescence spectrum of these flavin@MOF composites is broadened at the bathocromic side especially for MIA. Time-resolved spectroscopy showed that multi-exponential fluorescence lifetimes were needed to describe the decays. The fluorescence-weighted lifetime of flavin@MOF of 4 ± 1 ns also corresponds to those in solution but is significantly prolonged compared to the solid flavin dyes with less than 1 ns, thereby confirming the concept of “solid solutions” for dye@MOF composites. The fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) of the flavin@MOF composites is about half of the solution but is significantly higher compared to the solid flavin dyes. Both the fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield of flavin@MOF decrease with the flavin loading in MIL-53 due to the formation of various J-aggregates. Theoretical calculations using plane-wave and QM/MM methods are in good correspondence with the experimental results and explain the electronic structures as well as the photophysical properties of crystalline MIA and the flavin@MOF composites. In the solid flavins, π-stacking interactions of the molecules lead to a charge transfer state with low oscillator strength resulting in aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) with low lifetimes and quantum yields. In the MOF pores, single flavin molecules represent a major population and the computed MIA@MOF structures do not find π-stacking interactions with the pore walls but only weak van-der-Waals contacts which reasons the enhanced fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield of the flavins in the composites compared to their neat solid state. To analyze the orientation of flavins in MOFs, we measured fluorescence anisotropy images of single flavin@MOF-5 crystals and a static ensemble flavin@MIL53 microcrystals, respectively. Based on image information, anisotropy distributions and overall curve of the time-resolved anisotropy curves combined with theoretical calculations, we can prove that all fluorescent flavins species have a defined and rather homogeneous orientation in the MOF framework. In MIL-53, the transition dipole moments of flavins are orientated along the 1D channel axis, whereas in MOF-5 we resolved an average orientation that is tilted with respect to the cubic crystal lattice. Notably, the more hydrophobic 6F-MIA exhibits a higher degree order than MIA. The flexible MOF MIL-53(Al) was optimized essentially to the experimental large-pore form in the guest-free state with QuantumEspresso (QE) and with MIA molecules in the pores the structure contracted to close to the experimental narrow-pore form which was also confirmed by PXRD. In summary, the incorporation of flavins in MOFs yields solid-state materials with enhanced rigidity, stabilized conformation, defined orientation and reduced aggregations of the flavins, leading to increased fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield as controllable photo-luminescent and photo-physical properties.

En 2019‑2020, 51 % de la population de 18 à 59 ans en France métropolitaine déclare ne pas avoir de religion. En augmentation depuis dix ans, cette désaffiliation religieuse concerne 58 % des personnes sans ascendance migratoire, 19 % des immigrés arrivés après 16 ans et 26 % des descendants de deux parents immigrés. Si le catholicisme reste la première religion (29 % de la population se déclare catholique), l’islam est déclaré par un nombre croissant de fidèles (10 %) et confirme sa place de deuxième religion de France. Le nombre de personnes déclarant une autre religion chrétienne augmente également, pour atteindre 9 %. La fréquence et l’intensité de la pratique religieuse varient en fonction de la religion déclarée : seuls 8 % des catholiques fréquentent régulièrement un lieu de culte, contre un peu plus de 20 % des autres chrétiens, des musulmans et des bouddhistes, et 34 % des juifs. Les processus de transmission religieuse entre générations façonnent le paysage religieux sur le long terme : 91 % des personnes élevées dans une famille musulmane suivent la religion de leurs parents. Cette transmission est très forte aussi chez les juifs (84 %), elle est moindre chez les catholiques (67 %) et chez les autres chrétiens (69 %). À caractéristiques identiques, le fait d’avoir grandi dans une famille d’ascendance religieuse mixte ou catholique est déterminant dans le processus de sécularisation des descendants d’immigrés.

In 2019‑2020, 51% of the population aged 18 to 59 in metropolitan France said they had no religion. This religious disaffiliation has been increasing over the past ten years and concerns 58% of people with no migration background, 19% of immigrants who arrived after the age of 16 and 26% of the descendants of two immigrant parents. While Catholicism remains the dominant religion (29% of the population declare themselves to be Catholic), Islam confirms its place as the second religion in France (10%). The number of people claiming another Christian religion is also increasing, reaching 9%. The frequency and intensity of religious practice varies by religious affiliation: only 8% of Catholics regularly attend a place of worship, compared to just over 20% of other Christians, Muslims and Buddhists, and 34% of Jews. Processes of religious transmission between generations shape the religious landscape over the long term: 91% of people raised in a Muslim family follow the religion of their parents. This transmission is also very strong among Jews (84%), but less so among Catholics (67%) and other Christians (69%). All else being equal, growing up in a family of mixed religious or Catholic ancestry is a key factor in the secularization process among the descendants of immigrants.

Layered transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials possess novel and unique semiconducting properties when exfoliated into thin sheets or individual layers. The exfoliation leads to effective sensing towards gas molecule due to the increase in surface-active sites and edge zone disorders. In this work, we present exfoliation of bulk WS2 sheets with liquid-based dispersion technique using facile bath sonication method for NO2 molecule sensing. The exfoliated WS2 nanosheets show reversible and selective response towards NO2 gas molecules operating at room temperature. The sensitive film shows p-type characteristics providing sensor response rate around 27% for 10 ppm NO2 with rapid response and recovery time around 45 s and 60 s, respectively. The sensitive response was further studied at high temperature of 150 °C showing a drastic increase in response rate as 45% with effective response and recovery time. This improvement in NO2 gas sensing was attributed to the facile exfoliation of WS2 nanosheets.

Depuis le milieu du xixe siècle, l’histoire de France est intimement liée à celle de l’immigration. Les grandes vagues migratoires ont contribué à la croissance de la population, mais aussi à transformer les cadres économiques, politiques et culturels de la société. En 1891, 1,1 million d’étrangers étaient recensés, représentant déjà près de 3 % de la population. Cette immigration de travail est devenue très rapidement familiale, donnant lieu à une installation durable et à la naissance de no...