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The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), most recently comprehensively amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; P.L. 114-95), is the primary source of federal aid to support elementary and secondary education. The Title I-A program is the largest grant program authorized under the ESEA and was funded at $17.5 billion for FY2022. It is designed to provide supplementary educational and related services to low-achieving and other students attending elementary and secondary schools with relatively high concentrations of students from low-income families. Under current law, the U.S. Department of Education (ED) determines Title I-A allocations to local educational agencies (LEAs) based on four separate funding formulas: Basic Grants, Concentration Grants, Targeted Grants, and Education Finance Incentive Grants (EFIG). State grants are the total of the allocations for all LEAs in the state under all four formulas. The four Title I-A formulas have somewhat distinct allocation patterns, providing varying shares of allocated funds to different types of LEAs and states. Thus, for some states, certain formulas are more favorable than others. This report provides FY2022 state grant amounts under each of the four formulas used to determine Title I-A grants. Overall, California received the largest FY2022 Title I-A grant amount ($2.1 billion, or 11.98% of total Title I-A grants to states). Vermont received the smallest FY2022 Title I-A grant amount ($40.1 million, or 0.23% of total Title I-A grants to states).

From March 2020 through March 2021, three laws providing federal funding for elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education were enacted in response to the national emergency related to the COVID-19 pandemic declared by President Trump on March 13, 2020. The second of these laws provided a higher amount of funding than the first, and the third provided a higher amount than the second. The funds were intended to help the U.S. educational system "prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus." Funds were generally made available to states, local educational agencies (LEAs), private schools, and institutions of higher education (IHEs) to support the transition to remote learning, provide support services to students, protect education-related jobs, provide institutional support, and provide grant aid to postsecondary students. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) was signed into law. Included in the act was the Education Stabilization Fund (ESF), which was created "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus, domestically or internationally." The ESF was composed of three emergency relief funds: (1) A Governor's Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund; (2) An Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund; and (3) A Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund (HEERF). This report discusses the ESF and the programs initially authorized under it that were included in the CARES Act, Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA), and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2). The report begins with an overview of the appropriations available for the ESF and the required reservations of funds under each act. It then discusses each of the emergency education relief funds, including the EANS program. The next part of the report provides an overview of the other provisions included in the ESF: maintenance of effort (MOE) and maintenance of equity (MOEq) provisions, reporting requirements, continued payments to employees, and definitions. The report also includes several appendices that provide information on state funding under the GEER Fund, EANS program, and ESSER Fund, and funding aggregated at the state level and institutional sector level under the HEERF based on ED's published grant amounts, as well as information about periods of obligation and liquidation of funds and deadlines that apply to HEERF.

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), most recently comprehensively amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; P.L. 114-95), is the primary source of federal aid to support elementary and secondary education. The Title I-A program is the largest grant program authorized under the ESEA and was funded at $16.5 billion for FY2021. It is designed to provide supplementary educational and related services to low-achieving and other students attending elementary and secondary schools with relatively high concentrations of students from lowincome families. Under current law, the U.S. Department of Education (ED) determines Title I-A grants to local educational agencies (LEAs) based on four separate funding formulas: Basic Grants, Concentration Grants, Targeted Grants, and Education Finance Incentive Grants (EFIG). State grants are the total of the allocations for all LEAs in the state under all four formulas. The four Title I-A formulas have somewhat distinct allocation patterns, providing varying shares of allocated funds to different types of LEAs and states. Thus, for some states, certain formulas are more favorable than others. This report provides FY2021 state grant amounts under each of the four formulas used to determine Title I-A grants. Overall, California received the largest FY2021 Title I-A grant amount ($2.0 billion, or 12.48% of total Title I-A grants). Vermont received the smallest FY2021 Title I-A grant amount ($37.5 million, or 0.23% of total Title I-A grants).

This report provides an overview of major provisions of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). It also includes a table showing annual appropriations for ESEA programs for FY2017 through FY2022, as well as a table showing the transition in authorized programs and related appropriations from FY2016, when No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) provisions were still in effect, to FY2017, when Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) provisions took effect. A table detailing authorizations of appropriations under current law is also included. The ESSA authorized appropriations for ESEA programs through FY2020.

From March 2020 through March 2021, three laws provided increasing levels of federal funding for elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education primarily through the Education Stabilization Fund (ESF) in response to the national emergency related to the COVID-19 pandemic as declared by President Trump on March 13, 2020. On March 27, 2020, $30.750 billion was initially appropriated for the ESF by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136). On December 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA; Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [P.L. 116-260]), was enacted, providing an additional $81.880 billion in appropriations for an amended ESF. On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2), a budget reconciliation measure, provided an additional $169.609 billion for programs originally enacted as part of the ESF. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) was signed into law. Included in the act was the Education Stabilization Fund (ESF), which was created "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus, domestically or internationally." The ESF was composed of three emergency relief funds: (1) A Governor's Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund; (2) An Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund; and (3) A Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund (HEERF). This report discusses the ESF and the programs initially authorized under it that were included in the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA. The report begins with an overview of the appropriations available for the ESF and the required reservations of funds under each act. It then discusses each of the emergency education relief funds, including the Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools (EANS) program. The next part of the report provides an overview of the other provisions included in the ESF: maintenance of effort (MOE) and maintenance of equity (MOEq) provisions, reporting requirements, continued payments to employees, and definitions. The report also includes several appendices that provide information on state funding under the GEER Fund, EANS program, and ESSER Fund, and funding aggregated at the state level and institutional sector level under the HEERF based on ED's published grant amounts, as well as information about periods of obligation and liquidation of funds and deadlines that apply to HEERF.

Updated September 30, 2024 Congressional interest in elementary and secondary public school safety and security remains strong. Though public school safety and security is primarily a state and local responsibility, [...]

September 16, 2024 Introduction Overview of the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS Program, ARP-HCY, and Similar Funding for the Outlying Areas Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund Governor's [...]

Updated September 24, 2024 Introduction Report Organization Programs with an Explicit School Safety or Security Purpose Grant Programs Student Support and Academic Enrichment (SSAE) Grants National Activities for School Safety […]

Updated August 8, 2024 Congress provides annual appropriations and periodically provides supplemental appropriations for public elementary and secondary schools through many agencies and programs. Of these funds, the largest tranche [...]

Updated February 12, 2024 Contents Introduction Title I: Improving the Academic Achievement of the Disadvantaged Administration (Section 1004) Part A: Grants to Local Educational Agencies Calculation of Title I-A Grants [...]

Updated February 29, 2024 School choice generally refers to the opportunity for parents to select an elementary or secondary school for their child that differs from the assigned school that [...]

October 24, 2023 Congress provides annual appropriations and periodically provides supplemental appropriations for public elementary and secondary schools through many agencies and programs. Of these funds, the largest tranche of [...]

September 27, 2023 Contents Introduction Title I-A Formulas Formula Child Count and Formula Child Rate Weighted LEA Formula Child Counts for Targeted Grant and EFIG Formulas Expenditure Factor LEA Hold [...]

Updated December 12, 2022 School choice generally refers to the opportunity for parents to select an elementary or secondary school for their child that differs from the assigned school that [...]

On June 25, 2022, the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA; P.L. 117-159) was signed into law. In addition to provisions addressing mental health services, firearms, and Medicare, the act requires [...]

Updated May 4, 2022 The Promise Neighborhoods and Full-Service Community Schools (FSCS) programs are authorized under the Community Support for School Success (CSSS) subpart (Title IV-F-2) of the Elementary and [...]

Updated May 4, 2022 Student Support and Academic Enrichment (SSAE) Grants (also known as the 'block grant' program) are authorized under Title IV-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act [...]

The article focuses on Title I-A program, a key component of the U.S. Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), authorizes federal aid to local educational agencies (LEAs) to support the education of disadvantaged students. It mentions that this program provides supplementary educational and related services to low-achieving students, particularly those attending schools with a high concentration of children from low-income families.

The article focuses on the federal funding for public elementary and secondary schools, particularly the revenue sources, federal contributions, and the analysis of funding provided through programs authorized by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) since FY2002. It details the revenue streams for public education, highlighting the share provided by the federal government and the overall trend of federal funding for ESEA programs over the years.