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3 results on '"Stegodon"'

1. A 'large and valuable' Siwalik fossil collection in the archives of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History.

Author

Stimpson, Christopher M, Jukar, Advait M, Bonea, Amelia, Newell, Susan, and Howlett, Eliza

Subjects
*NATURAL history museums, *FOSSIL bones
Abstract

This article describes results from a review of South Asian fossils in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History. These materials include two early 19th century collections of fossils from the Siwalik Hills in India. While this assemblage was summarised in 1837 by William Buckland as 'large and valuable collections of fossil bones', it has remained largely unstudied and unpublished in any detail since collection. Here, as a precursor to a comprehensive re-evaluation, we establish a chronological and geographical context of one collection event, provide details of its donor, and outline its history after arrival in Oxford. We then describe select taxa in the collection, including a well-preserved maxilla and toothrow of the large extinct giraffid, Sivatherium giganteum, as a basis to justify our current understanding of the biostratigraphic affinity of the assemblage. Conservatively, the collection is a 'classic' Upper Siwalik Plio-Pleistocene fauna, possibly the first to be transported to the UK. While further analyses will realise the scientific potential of the fossils, the narrative of their journey from India to Oxford remains incomplete. Further investigation of the hidden history of the collection is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. An integrative geochronological framework for the pleistocene So'a basin (Flores, Indonesia), and its implications for faunal turnover and hominin arrival

Author

van den Bergh, Gerrit D., Alloway, Brent V, Storey, Michael, Setiawan, Ruly, Yurnaldi, Dida, Kurniawan, Iwan, Moore, Mark W., Jatmiko, Brumm, Adam, Flude, Stephanie, Sutikna, Thomas, Setiyabudi, Erick, Prasetyo, Unggul W., Puspaningrum, Mika R., Yoga, Ifan, Insani, Halmi, Meijer, Hanneke J M, Kohn, Barry, Pillans, Brad, Sutisna, Indra, Dosseto, Anthony, Hayes, Susan, Westgate, John A., Pearce, Nick J. G., Aziz, Fachroel, Due, Rokus Awe, Morwood, Michael J., van den Bergh, Gerrit D., Alloway, Brent V, Storey, Michael, Setiawan, Ruly, Yurnaldi, Dida, Kurniawan, Iwan, Moore, Mark W., Jatmiko, Brumm, Adam, Flude, Stephanie, Sutikna, Thomas, Setiyabudi, Erick, Prasetyo, Unggul W., Puspaningrum, Mika R., Yoga, Ifan, Insani, Halmi, Meijer, Hanneke J M, Kohn, Barry, Pillans, Brad, Sutisna, Indra, Dosseto, Anthony, Hayes, Susan, Westgate, John A., Pearce, Nick J. G., Aziz, Fachroel, Due, Rokus Awe, and Morwood, Michael J.

Abstract

Flores represents a unique insular environment with an extensive record of Pleistocene fossil remains and stone artefacts. In the So'a Basin of central Flores these include endemic Stegodon, Komodo dragons, giant tortoises, rats, birds and hominins, and lithic artefacts that can be traced back to at least one million years ago (1 Ma). This comprehensive review presents important new data regarding the dating and faunal sequence of the So'a Basin, including the site of Mata Menge where Homo floresiensis-like fossils dating to approximately 0.7 Ma were discovered in 2014. By chemical fingerprinting key silicic tephra originating from local and distal eruptive sources we have now established basin-wide tephrostratigraphic correlations, and, together with new numerical ages, present an update of the chronostratigraphy of the So'a Basin, with major implications for the faunal sequence. These results show that a giant tortoise and the diminutive proboscidean Stegodon sondaari last occurred at the site of Tangi Talo ∼1.3 Ma, and not 0.9 Ma as previously thought. We also present new data suggesting that the disappearance of giant tortoise and S. sondaari from the sedimentary record occurred before, and/or was coincident with, the earliest hominin arrival, as evidenced by the first records of lithic artefacts occurring directly below the 1 Ma Wolo Sege Tephra. Artefacts become common in the younger layers, associated with a distinct fauna characterized by the medium-sized Stegodon florensis and giant rat Hooijeromys nusatenggara. Furthermore, we describe a newly discovered terrace fill, which extends the faunal record of Stegodon in the So'a Basin to the Late Pleistocene. Our evidence also suggests that the paleoenvironment of the So'a Basin became drier around the time of the observed faunal transition and arrival of hominins on the island, which could be related to an astronomically-forced climate response at the onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT; ∼1.25 Ma) l

Published
2022

3. An integrative geochronological framework for the Pleistocene So'a basin (Flores, Indonesia), and its implications for faunal turnover and hominin arrival

Author

Gerrit D. van den Bergh, Brent V. Alloway, Michael Storey, Ruly Setiawan, Dida Yurnaldi, Iwan Kurniawan, Mark W. Moore, null Jatmiko, Adam Brumm, Stephanie Flude, Thomas Sutikna, Erick Setiyabudi, Unggul W. Prasetyo, Mika R. Puspaningrum, Ifan Yoga, Halmi Insani, Hanneke J.M. Meijer, Barry Kohn, Brad Pillans, Indra Sutisna, Anthony Dosseto, Susan Hayes, John A. Westgate, Nick J.G. Pearce, Fachroel Aziz, Rokus Awe Due, and Michael J. Morwood

Subjects
Megafauna, Archeology, Global and Planetary Change, Archaeology, Homo floresiensis, Ar/Ar dating, Island evolution, Geology, Tephrochronology, Stegodon, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Flores represents a unique insular environment with an extensive record of Pleistocene fossil remains and stone artefacts. In the So'a Basin of central Flores these include endemic Stegodon, Komodo dragons, giant tortoises, rats, birds and hominins, and lithic artefacts that can be traced back to at least one million years ago (1 Ma). This comprehensive review presents important new data regarding the dating and faunal sequence of the So'a Basin, including the site of Mata Menge where Homo floresiensis-like fossils dating to approximately 0.7 Ma were discovered in 2014. By chemical fingerprinting key silicic tephra originating from local and distal eruptive sources we have now established basin-wide tephrostratigraphic correlations, and, together with new numerical ages, present an update of the chronostratigraphy of the So'a Basin, with major implications for the faunal sequence. These results show that a giant tortoise and the diminutive proboscidean Stegodon sondaari last occurred at the site of Tangi Talo ∼1.3 Ma, and not 0.9 Ma as previously thought. We also present new data suggesting that the disappearance of giant tortoise and S. sondaari from the sedimentary record occurred before, and/or was coincident with, the earliest hominin arrival, as evidenced by the first records of lithic artefacts occurring directly below the 1 Ma Wolo Sege Tephra. Artefacts become common in the younger layers, associated with a distinct fauna characterized by the medium-sized Stegodon florensis and giant rat Hooijeromys nusatenggara. Furthermore, we describe a newly discovered terrace fill, which extends the faunal record of Stegodon in the So'a Basin to the Late Pleistocene. Our evidence also suggests that the paleoenvironment of the So'a Basin became drier around the time of the observed faunal transition and arrival of hominins on the island, which could be related to an astronomically-forced climate response at the onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT; ∼1.25 Ma) leading to increased aridity and monsoonal intensity. publishedVersion

Published
2022
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