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Currently, effective Intrusion-detection systems (IDS) still represent one of the important security tools. However, hybrid models based on the IDS achieve better results compared with intrusion detection based on a single algorithm. But even so, the hybrid models based on traditional algorithms still face different limitations. This work is focused on providing two main goals; firstly, analysis based on the main methods and limitations of the most-recent hybrid model-based on intrusion detection, secondly, to propose a novel hybrid IDS model called TLBO-ELM based on the Firefly algorithm and Fast Learning Network.

Many studies focusing on integrating reviews with ratings to improve recommendation performance have been quite successful. However, these works still face several shortcomings: (1) The importance of dynamically integrating review and interaction data features is typically ignored, yet treating these fusion features equally may lead to an incomplete understanding of user preferences. (2) Some forms of soft attention methods are adopted to model the local semantic information of words. As features thus captured may contain irrelevant information, the generated attention map is neither discriminatory nor detailed. In this paper, we propose a novel Adaptive Hierarchical Attention-enhanced Gated network integrating reviews for item recommendation, named AHAG. AHAG is a unified framework to capture the hidden intentions of users by adaptively incorporating reviews. Specifically, we design a gated network to dynamically fuse the extracted features and select the features that are most relevant to user preferences. To capture distinguishing fine-grained features, we introduce a hierarchical attention mechanism to learn important semantic information features and the dynamic interaction of these features. Besides, the high-order non-linear interaction of neural factorization machines is utilized to derive the rating prediction. Experiments on seven real-world datasets show that the proposed AHAG significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

Conversational systems have recently attracted significant attention. Both the research community and industry believe that it will exert huge impact on human-computer interaction, and specifically, the IR/RecSys community has begun to explore Conversational Recommendation. In real-life scenarios, such systems are often urgently needed in helping users accomplishing different tasks under various situations. However, existing works still face several shortcomings: (1) Most efforts are largely confined in single task setting. (2) The conversational recommender naturally has access to the back-end data which should be fully leveraged to yield good recommendations. In this paper, we thus present a Topic-guided Conversational Recommender which is specifically designed for the multi-domain setting. It augments the sequence-to-sequence models with a neural latent topic component to better guide the response generation. To better leverage the dialogue history and the back-end data structure, we adopt a graph convolutional network to model the relationships between different recommendation candidates while also capture the match between candidates and the dialogue history. We then seamlessly combine these two parts with the idea of pointer networks. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves superior performance as compared to a wide range of baselines.

Despite a series of advances in the establishment of specialized services for women in all regions of the country, many still face great difficulties in accessing abortion services. Even in relation to anencephaly, there are still challenges for the proper structuring of legal abortion services, as it is difficult to identify health professionals available for abortion care permitted by law. This article discusses the issues involved in these cases. It was concluded that, due to the moral and religious stigma, there is a refusal of doctors related to the practice of abortion, despite the existence of Brazilian technical norms that regulate this practice. However, the right to conscientious objection is not necessarily recognized in the absence of another medical professional to assist women when there is a risk of death. Keywords: Anencephaly, Abortion, Women's Rights.

Audiologopēdija Veselības aprūpe Audiologopaedics Health Care Darba nosaukums: Sistemātisks literatūras pārskats: Vecāku viedtālruņu izmantošanas efekti mijiedarbībā ar agrīnā vecumposma (0-3 gadi) bērnu. Darba mērķis: Sistemātiski apkopot un analizēt pieejamos pētījumus par efektiem (specifiski ar bērna vai vecāka uzvedības reakcijām saistīti efekti), ko rada vecāku viedtālruņu izmantošana mijiedarbības laikā ar agrīnā vecumposma (0-3 gadi) bērnu. Pētnieciskais jautājums: Kādi ir pētījumos identificētie vecāku viedtālruņu izmantošanas efekti (specifiski ar bērna vai vecāka uzvedības reakcijām saistīti efekti) mijiedarbībā ar agrīnā vecumposma (0-3 gadi) bērnu?Pētījuma metodes: Sistemātisks literatūras pārskats. Pārskats tika veikts izmantojot PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) vadlīnijas. Datu ievākšanai tika izmantotas datubāzes: Wiley Online Library, ExlibrisPrimo, PubMed un ScienceDirect. Pētījumā tika iekļauti raksti, kas ir brīvpieejas un pilnā apjomā, kas nav vecāki par 10 gadiem, un kuri atbilst iekļaušanas un izslēgšanas kritērijiem. Pārskatā iekļauto pētījumu uzticamība un atbilstība tika vērtēta izmantojot JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) kritisko novērtēšanas rīku “Cheklist for analytical cross sectional design” kur attiecīgi četri pētījumi ieguva 7 punktus, divi pētījumi ieguva 6 punktus, kas vērtējami kā labas kvalitātes pētījumi. Pētījuma rezultāti: Sistemātiskā literatūras pārskata ietvaros tika analizēti 6 pētījumi par efektiem, ko rada vecāku viedtālruņu lietošana mijiedarbības laikā ar agrīnā vecumposma bērnu. Secinājumi: Vecāka viedtālruņa lietošanas laikā pieaug vecāka neatsaucīgums, bērni demonstrē paaugstinātu protesta uzvedību, piedzīvo negatīvas psihofizioloģiskas reakcijas, pieaug bērna sociālo pieprasījumu pēc iesaistīšanās skaits, cenšoties iniciēt kopīgoto uzmanību ar vecāku. Uzvedības reakcijas, kas samazinās ir bērna iesaistīšanās uzvedība ar māti vai rotaļlietām, samazinās arī mātes pedagoģiskā uzvedība, piemēram, tiešā uzmanība, atsaucīgums, lingvistiskā ievade un sarunu kārtas ar bērnu. Mātes daudz retāk uzsāk kopīgotās uzmanības iniciāciju ar bērnu, retāk atbild uz bērna kopīgotās iniciācijas uzvedību, kā rezultatā būtiski samazinās kopīgotās uzmanības starp māti un bērnu panākumu līmenis un kopējais kopīgotās uzmanības laiks, ko diāde spēj uzturēt. Title of the thesis: Systematic literature review: Effects of parental use of smartphones in interaction with an early age (0-3 years) child. Target of the thesis: Systematically collect and analyze the available studies on the effects (specifically - child's or parent's behavioral reactions) caused by the parent’s smartphone use during the interaction with the early age (0-3 years) child. Research question: What are the studies-identified effects of parental use of smartphone (specifically effects related to the child’s or parent’s behavioural reactions) in interaction with an early age (0-3 years) child? Research methods: A systematic literature review. The review was created using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The following databases were used in the selection of scientific articles: Wiley Online Library, ExlibrisPrimo, PubMed un ScienceDirect. The study only includes open-access and full-length articles, which are not older than 10 years and have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The reliability and relevance of the studies included in the report were evaluated using JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) critical appraisal tool “Checklist for analytical cross sectional design”, where respectively four studies scored 7 points, two studies scored 6 points, which are considered to be good quality studies. Results: Within the framework of the systematic literature review 6 studies were analyzed for the effects of parental use of smartphone in interaction with an early age child. Conclusions: During the parent’s use of smartphone, the parent’s unresponsiveness increases, children demonstrate increased protest behavior, experiencing negative psychophysiological reactions, the number of child’s social bids for involvement increases, also trying to initiate the joint attention with the parent much more often. Behavioral responses that decrease are child’s social engagement behavior and social monitoring, engagement behavior with mother or toys, decreases mother’s pedagogical behavior like responsiveness, linguistic input and conversational turns with the child. Also mothers much less often initiate joint attention with the child and respond to the initiation of joint attention by the child, which results in a reduced joint attention success between the mother and the child and the total amount of time of the joint attention that the dyad is able to maintain.

Targeted drug delivery has been extensively studied in the last decade, whereas both passive and active targeting strategies still face many challenges, such as off-target drug release. Light-responsive drug delivery systems have been developed with high controllability and spatio-temporal resolution to improve drug efficacy and reduce off-target drug release. Photoremovable protecting groups are light-responsive moieties that undergo irreversible photocleavage reactions upon light irradiation. They can be covalently linked to the molecule of interest to control its structure and function with light. In this review, we will summarize recent applications of photocleavage technologies in nanoparticle-based drug delivery for precise targeting and controlled drug release, with a highlight of strategies to achieve long-wavelength light excitation. A greater understanding of these mechanisms and emerging studies will help design more efficient photocleavage-based nanosystems to advance photoresponsive drug delivery.

X-ray computed tomography (CT), as one of the most widely used noninvasive imaging modalities, can provide three-dimensional anatomic details with high resolution, which plays a key role in disease diagnosis and treatment assessment. However, although they are the most prevalent and FDA-approved contrast agents, iodinated water-soluble molecules still face some challenges in clinical applications, such as fast clearance, serious adverse effects, nonspecific distribution, and low sensitivity. Because of their high biocompatibility, tunable designability, controllable biodegradation, facile synthesis, and modification capability, the polymers have demonstrated great potential for efficient delivery of iodinated contrast agents (ICAs). Herein, we comprehensively summarized the applications of multifunctional polymeric materials for ICA delivery in terms of increasing circulation time, decreasing nephrotoxicity, and improving the specificity and sensitivity of ICAs for CT imaging. We mainly focused on various iodinated polymers from the aspects of preparation, functionalization, and application in medical diagnosis. Future perspectives for achieving better imaging and clinical translation are also discussed to motivate new technologies and solutions.

Among rechargeable batteries, metal-air batteries have attracted considerable attention because of their high theoretical specific energy, environmentally friendly, and low-cost. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of electrocatalyst is considered to be a key reaction during discharge process of cathode, determining metal-air batteries performance. However, ORR electrocatalysts still face the key challenges of unsatisfactory electrocatalytic kinetics and complex preparation process that limits their wide applications. Herein, the research progresses of sustainable carbon-based ORR electrocatalysts are reviewed. We introduce the functional design approaches for performance improvement of carbon-based ORR electrocatalysts, including construction of pore structure, activation, and heteroatom doping. Abundant and inexpensive animal metabolites, plant, and microorganism are reviewed as raw material for obtaining high-performance ORR electrocatalysts. Furthermore, research directions of sustainable carbon-based ORR electrocatalysts are proposed.

In an age where e-commerce can provide a huge variety of different products online, customers still face the issue of the last mile challenge. The purpose of this paper is to find out if the last-m...

We report the impact of a Gentle Touch Stimulation (GTS) program. Forty-three mothers provided daily 10-min GTS with C-tactile (CT) afferent optimal stroking touch, for 4 weeks to their 3-12 weeks old infants. CT-afferents are cutaneous unmyelinated, low-threshold mechanosensitive nerves hypothesized to underly the regulatory impact of affective touch. We compared physiological and behavioral responses during a no-touch-baseline (BL), static-touch-baseline (BL-T), intervention/control (GTS/CTRL), Still Face (SF) and Reunion (RU) condition for GTS-infants versus a control-group (CTRL) at the start (T1) and end of (T2) of the program. We collected mother-infant ECG, respiration, cortisol, video-recordings, and diary-reports. At T1, physiological arousal significantly increased during SF in both groups, that is, decreased respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and R-R interval (RRI). At T2, GTS-infants showed significantly increased RSA, RRI, decreased respiration during GTS, buffering SF-arousal and allowing complete recovery during RU; CTRL-infants showed higher SF-arousal and small recovery, under initial BL-levels. Maternal cardio-respiratory showed a metabolic investment during RU. Cortisol and behavioral analyses showed higher arousal in CTRL-infants than GTS-infants at T2. We suggest that the combination of phasic short-term and tonic long-term responses to CT-optimal stroking touch, delivered in a structured daily manner, contribute to the building of infant stress regulation and resilience.Reportamos el impacto del programa de Estimulación Táctil Suave (GTS). Cuarenta y tres madres les dieron a sus infantes de 3-12 semanas 10 minutos de GTS con un toque táctil-C (CT) aferente óptimo de caricias por 4 semanas. Los aferentes CT son nervios cutáneos amielínicos mecano-sensibles de bajo impacto que según hipótesis rigen el impacto regulatorio del toque afectivo. Comparamos las respuestas fisiológicas y de comportamiento durante un momento de referencia no táctil (BL), un momento de referencia táctil estático (BL-T), intervención/control (GTS-CTRL), la Cara Seria (SF) y la condición de Reunión (RU) para infantes GTS versus un grupo de control (CTRL) al principio (T1) y al final (T2) del programa. Recogimos información ECG de madre-infante, respiración, cortisol, grabaciones en vídeo, y reportes de un diario. Al T1, la estimulación fisiológica significativamente aumentó durante SF en ambos grupos, v.g., una baja en la arritmia respiratoria paranasal (RSA) y el intervalo R-R (RRI). Al T2, los infantes GTS significativamente mostraron un aumento de RSA, RRI, una baja en la respiración durante GTS, amortiguando la estimulación SF y permitiendo un completo recobro durante RU; los infantes de CTRL mostraron una más alta estimulación SF y un pequeño recobro, bajo los niveles BL iniciales. El aspecto cardio-respiratorio materno mostró inversión metabólica durante RU. Los análisis de cortisol y de comportamiento mostraron más altas estimulaciones de infantes de CTRL que en infantes GTS al T2. Proponemos que la combinación de las respuestas fásicas a corto plazo y tónicas a largo plazo a las caricias táctiles óptimas CT, ofrecidas de una manera estructural diaria, contribuyen a moldear la regulación del estrés y capacidad de resistencia del infante.Cet article fait état de l'impact du programme Stimulation Toucher en Douceur (an anglais Gentle Touch Stimulation, que nous abrégeons ici GTS). Quarante-trois mères ont procédé chaque jour à un GTS de 10 minutes avec un toucher par caresse optimale C-tactile (CT) afférent, pendant 4 semaines à leurs nourrissons de 3-12 semaines. Les afférents CD sont des nerfs cutanés amyéliniques, à faible seuil et mécano-sensibles, dont on pense qu'ils sous-tendent l'impact régulatoire du toucher affectif. Nous comparons les réponses physiologiques et les réponses comportementales durant la condition à un niveau de référence NR sans toucher, un niveau de référence toucher statique (NR-T), un contrôle/intervention (GTS/CTRL), Visage Impassible (Still Face, soit SF) et la Réunion (RU) pour les bébés GTS par rapport aux bébés du groupe de contrôle (CTRL) au commencement (T1) et à la fin (T2) du programme. Nous avons recueilli l’électrocardiogramme mère-bébé, la respiration, le niveau de cortisol et les rapports-journaux. Au T1 la stimulation physiologique a augmenté de façon importante durant le SF pour les deux groupes, c'est-à-dire une arythmie des sinus respiratoires (RSA) décrue et un intervalle R-R décru (RRI). Au T2 les bébés GTS ont fait preuve d'une RSA et d'un RRI bien plus élevés, une respiration décrue durant le GTS, un éveil SF tampon et ont fait preuve d'un rétablissement complet durant la RU. Les bébés contrôle ont fait preuve de plus d’éveil SF et d'un petit rétablissement, moins élevés que les niveaux BL initiaux. La cardio-respiration maternelle a fait preuve un investissement métabolique durant la RU. Les analyses de cortisol et les analyses comportementales ont montré un éveil plus élevé chez les bébés-CTRL que chez les bébés GTS au T2. Nous suggérons que la combinaison de réactions phasiques à court terme et de réponses toniques à long terme au toucher caresse CT-optimal, donné chaque jour de manière structurée, contribue à la construction de la régulation du stress du bébé et de sa résilience.Warum sehnen wir uns nach Berührung? Die Auswirkungen täglicher sanfter Berührungsstimulation auf die physiologische und verhaltensbezogene Regulation sowie Resilienz von Mutter und Kind Wir berichten über die Auswirkungen eines Programms zur sanften Berührungsstimulation (Gentle Touch Stimulation; GTS). Dreiundvierzig Mütter wendeten bei ihren 3-12 Wochen alten Säuglingen 4 Wochen lang täglich 10 Minuten GTS an, d.h. eine C-taktile (CT) afferente optimale streichelnde Berührung. Bei den CT-Afferenzen handelt es sich um kutane, nicht-myelinisierte, niedrigschwellig mechanosensorische Nerven, von denen angenommen wird, dass sie den regulierenden Auswirkungen affektiver Berührungen zugrunde liegen. Wir verglichen die physiologischen und verhaltensbezogenen Reaktionen von GTS-Säuglingen im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe (CTRL) zu Beginn (T1) und am Ende (T2) des Programms während einer berührungsfreien Baseline (BL), einer statischen Berührungsbaseline (BL-T), einer Interventions-/Kontrollbedingung (GTS/CTRL), einer „Still Face“ Bedingung (SF) und einer Wiedervereinigung (RU). Erhoben wurden Mutter-Kind EKG, Atmung, Cortisol, Videoaufzeichnungen und Tagebucheinträge. Zu T1 nahm die physiologische Erregung während der SF in beiden Gruppen signifikant zu, d. h. die respiratorische Sinusarrhythmie (RSA) und das R-R-Intervall (RRI) nahmen ab. Zu T2 zeigten die GTS-Säuglinge signifikant erhöhte RSA, RRI und verringerte Atmung während der GTS, was die SF-Erregung abpufferte und eine vollständige Erholung während der RU ermöglichte. Die CTRL-Säuglinge zeigten eine höhere SF-Erregung und eine geringe Erholung unter den ursprünglichen BL-Werten. Die mütterliche kardio-respiratorische Aktivität zeigte eine metabolische Investition während der RU. Cortisol- und Verhaltensanalysen zeigten eine höhere Erregung bei CTRL-Säuglingen als bei GTS-Säuglingen zu T2. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die Kombination von phasischen Kurzzeit- und tonischen Langzeitreaktionen auf CT-optimale streichelnde Berührungen, die täglich strukturiert durchgeführt werden, zum Aufbau der Stressregulation und Resilienz von Säuglingen beitragen.なぜ私たちはタッチングを希求するか−毎日の優しいタッチングの刺激が、母Ȁ子の身体生理および行動の調節と レジリエンス(復元力)に及ぼす影響 ジェントルタッチスティミュレーション(GTS)プログラムの効果について報告する。 43人の母親が、生後3〜12週の母親の乳児に、C-tactile(CT)求心性の最適ななでるタッチングを含む10分間のGTSを4週間毎日行った。CT求心性神経は、情緒的なタッチングの調整的な影響を過小評価していると仮定される皮膚の無髄鞘の低閾値のメカノセンシチブ神経である。GTSの非タッチベースライン(BL)、静的タッチベースライン(BL-T)、介入/制御(GTS / CTRL)、スティルフェイス(SF)、および再会(RU)状態での身体生理および行動の反応を、GTS-乳児と対照群(CTRL-乳児)で、プログラムの開始時(T1)と終了時(T2)に比較した。母と子の心電図、呼吸の状態、コルチゾール、ビデオ録画、および日記を記録した。T1では、両グループとも、SF中において身体生理的に有意に覚醒した。つまり、呼吸性洞性不整脈(RSA)とR-R間隔(RRI)が減少した。T2では、GTS-乳児は、RSA、RRIが有意に増加し、GTS中に呼吸数が減少し、SF覚醒は緩まり、RU中に完全に回復を示した。一方、CTRL-乳児は、初期のBLレベル下で、より高いSF覚醒とわずかな回復を示した。母親の心肺系は、RU中に代謝投資を示した。コルチゾールと行動分析では、T2ではGTS-乳児よりもCTRL-乳児でより高い覚醒を示した。構造化され毎日提供されるCT最適なストロークタッチングに対する相性の短期的および強壮性の長期的反応の組み合わせが、乳児のストレス調節と回復の構築に寄与するとした。.我们报告了一项“温和触摸刺激” (GTS) 项目的影响。43位母亲利用“C组触觉 (CT) 传入神经”的最佳轻抚触摸方式每天为其3-12周大的婴儿提供10分钟的GTS, 为期4周。C组触觉传入神经是皮肤无髓鞘、低阈值的机械敏感性神经, 被认为是情感触摸调节影响的基础。我们在项目开始 (T1) 和结束 (T2) 阶段比较了GTS-婴儿与对照组在无接触基线 (BL)、静态接触基线 (BL-T)、干预/对照 (GTS/CTRL)、静止面孔 (SF) 以及重聚 (RU) 条件下的生理和行为反应。我们收集了母婴心电图、呼吸、皮质醇、录像和日记报告。在T1阶段, 两组婴儿在SF期间的生理唤醒显著增加, 即呼吸性窦性心律不齐 (RSA) 和R-R间期 (RRI) 减少。在T2阶段, GTS-婴儿的RSA、RRI显著增加, GTS期间呼吸减少, SF-唤醒减缓, 并在RU期间呈现完全恢复;在初始BL水平下, CTRL-婴儿表现出更高的SF-唤醒和微小恢复程度。在RU期间, 母亲的心肺功能显示出代谢消耗。皮质醇和行为分析显示, 在T2阶段, CTRL-婴儿的唤醒程度高于GTS-婴儿。我们建议, 对CT的最佳轻抚触摸方式应结合阶段性短期反应和强直长期反应, 以结构化的日常方式开展, 这有助于建立婴儿压力调节和复原力。.لماذا نتوق إلى اللمس؟ تأثير تحفيز اللمسة اللطيفة اليومية على التنظيم الفسيولوجي والسلوكي للأم والطفل والمرونة نعرض في هذه الدراسة تأثير برنامج تحفيز اللمسة اللطيفة (GTS). اشتركت مجموعة من 43 أمًا في الدراسة حيث طلب منهم تقديم 10 دقائق يومياً من اللمسة المثالية مع التمسيد لمدة 4 أسابيع لأطفالهن الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 3-12 أسبوعًا. المستقبلات العصبية منخفضة العتبة في الحساسية الميكانيكية و يُفترض أنها تتحكم في التأثير التنظيمي لللمس العاطفي. قمنا بمقارنة الاستجابات الفسيولوجية والسلوكية خلال حالة عدم وجود اللمس (BL) ، واللمس الثابت (T-BL) ، ومجموعة التدخل / المجموعة الضابطة (GTS / CTRL) ، والوجه الثابت (SF) ، ومجموعة Reunion (RU) للأطفال في برنامج اللمسة اللطيفة (GTS) مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة (CTRL) في نقطة البداية (T1) ونقطة النهاية (T2) من البرنامج. قمنا بجمع بيانات رسم القلب ، والتنفس ، والكورتيزول ، وتسجيلات الفيديو ، وتقارير اليوميات. في نقطة البداية (T1) ، زادت الاستثارة الفسيولوجية بشكل ملحوظ خلال حالة الوجه الثابت (SF) في كلا المجموعتين ، أي انخفاض عدم انتظام ضربات القلب التنفسي (RSA) و (RRI). وفي نقطة النهاية (T2) ، أظهر الرضع في برنامج (GTS) زيادة ملحوظة في RSA ، RRI ، وانخفاض التنفس أثناء GTS ؛ بينما أظهر الرضع في المجموعة الضابطة استثارة أعلى للوجه الثابت (SF) وفترة انتعاش قصيرة ، تحت مستويات BL الأولية. وأظهرت تحليلات الكورتيزول والسلوكية إثارة أعلى عند الرضع في المجموعة الضابطة عن الرضع في مجموعة التدخل عند نقطة النهاية (T2). تقترح الدراسة أن الجمع بين الاستجابات المرحلية قصيرة المدى وطويلة المدى للمس التمسيدي الأمثل الذي يقدم بشكل يومي ونظامي ، يمكن أن يساهم في بناء المرونة وتنظيم الإجهاد لدى الرضع.

Scale drop disease virus (SDDV) is a major pathogen of Asian sea bass that has emerged in many countries across the Asia Pacific since 1992 and carries the potential to cause drastic economic losses to the aquaculture sector. The lack of an approved vaccine for SDDV necessitates timely prevention as the first line of defence against the disease, but current diagnostic platforms still face challenges that render them incompatible with field applications, particularly in resource-limited settings. Here, we developed a novel detection platform for SDDV based on a CRISPR-Cas12a-based nucleic acid detection technology combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA-Cas12a). Using the viral adenosine triphosphatase (SDDV-ATPase) gene as a target, we achieved the detection limit of 40 copies per reaction and high specificity for SDDV. The coupling with fluorescence and lateral flow readouts enables naked-eye visualization and straightforward data interpretation requiring minimal scientific background. Compared with semi-nested PCR in field sample evaluation, our RPA-Cas12a assay is more sensitive and capable of detecting SDDV in asymptomatic fish. Importantly, the entire workflow can be carried out at a constant temperature of 37°C within an hour from start to finish, thus removing the need for an expensive thermal cycling apparatus and long turnaround times associated with PCR-based methods. Therefore, owing to its high accuracy, rapidity and user-friendliness, the developed RPA-Cas12a platform shows the potential for diagnosis of SDDV at point of need and could be a valuable tool to help protect fish farming communities from large-scale epidemics.

Lesbians are pursuing parenthood in greater numbers than ever, but their family-building journey is significantly more challenging than it is for heterosexual couples. Extensive research has debunked the myth that children raised in lesbian families show higher rates of psychopathology or difficulty with adjustment. Despite this, lesbians pursuing parenthood still face overt and subtle discrimination in society generally and in healthcare specifically. They must engage in a multifaceted decision-making process, navigate a more complex logistical process, and cope with greater financial expense. The aim of this chapter is to outline the unique experiences and needs of lesbians becoming parents, identify barriers to care, and highlight strategies to address them.

The present study was conducted in the state of Maharashtra with an objective to analyze the farmers’ perceptions on Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) in the state of Maharashtra, India. Indian farmers still face many challenges as majority of them are small and marginal farmers accounting for more than 86 per cent of the farming population. Member farmers were selected as sample respondents for the study. The results of the present study revealed that after association with producer company, there has been an improvement in the yields as stated by 96.66 per cent of the farmers under category I, 82.73 per cent of the farmers in category II and 77.50 per cent of the farmers under category III. It was also observed that there was an improvement in the quality of the produce and a majority of the farmers were happy with the price for their produce received after joining FPCs. It was also interesting to note that the problems faced by the farmers were different in all the three categories of FPCs. However, the common problem faced by the farmers in category II and III was manipulation of quotas and quality specifications by some of the companies. The SWOT analysis revealed that the major strengths identified by the farmers were more or less same in the selected FPCs like provision of inputs and production services, higher yields due to better management, minimizing the prices risk and better bargaining for small holders. The adoption of new production technology was a common weakness and pro-government policy was an important opportunity of all the producer companies as perceived by the farmers. The common threats to the producer companies of all categories include problem of sustaining long term operations, cut throat competition among companies, social and cultural constraints.

Supramolecular chemistry has grown rapidly over the past three decades, yet synthetic supramolecular chemists still face several challenges when it comes to characterising their compounds. In this review, we present an introduction to structural characterisation techniques commonly used for non-crystalline supramolecular molecules, e.g. nuclear magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR and EPR), mass spectrometry (MS), ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS) as well as cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). We provide an overview of their fundamental concepts based on case studies from different fields of supramolecular chemistry, e.g. interlocked structures, molecular self-assembly and host-guest chemistry, while focussing on particular strengths and weaknesses of the discussed methods. Additionally, three multi-technique case studies are examined in detail to illustrate the benefits of using complementary techniques simultaneously.

A thorough understanding of specified behavior is essential for the completion of most programming tasks. Researchers have created automated tools to help students with this task. Yet, even with automated feedback, students may still face self-insurmountable challenges for which they must seek aid from the course staff. What self-insurmountable challenges do students face? And (how) does access to automatic, on-demand feedback shape student help-seeking? To find out, we manually reviewed the 1,247 assignment-related student posts in the online help-forum of a post-secondary accelerated introductory computer science course. We report on the high-level relationships between student help-seeking and (under)specification in assignments, and identify a number of behaviors relevant to both researchers and educators.

DNA logic nanodevices have prospects in molecular recognitions but still face challenges in achieving DNA computation-controlled regulation in specific compartments of living cells. By incorporating the i-motif sequence and ATP aptamers into a Y-shaped DNA (Y-DNA) structure, and applying gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the transporting carrier, herein we present a new type of DNA logic nanodevices to monitor the ATP levels in lysosomes of living cells. Triple energy transfers including dual fluorescent resonance energy transfers (FRETs) and a nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) occurred in the DNA logic nanodevices. It was identified that the proposed nanodevices perform an AND logic operation to output FRET signals only when an endogenous proton and ATP simultaneously exist in the cellular microenvironment. Owing to the use of the i-motif sequence, the nanodevices have lysosome-recognizing capacity without causing alkalization of the acidic organelle, making DNA computation-controlled regulation at the level of cellular organelles achievable. These DNA logic nanodevices show high application prospects in lysosome-related cellular function and disease treatment.

We estimate the potential remaining COVID-19 burden in 19 European countries by estimating the proportion of each country’s population that has acquired immunity to severe disease through infection or vaccination. Our results suggest that many European countries could still face a substantial burden of hospitalisations and deaths, particularly those with lower vaccination coverage, less historical transmission, and/or older populations. Continued non-pharmaceutical interventions and efforts to achieve high vaccination coverage are required in these countries to limit severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) with a core size smaller than 2 nm exhibit fascinating physical and chemical properties, bridging between nanoparticles and atomic/molecular structures. In particular, the unique fluorescence (FL) characteristics of Cu NCs have attracted increasingly attention in the past decade. Compared with gold or silver NCs, Cu is a relatively cheap, abundant and readily available element, which makes Cu NCs more attractive to the development of sensors. However, Cu NCs still face serious issues, such as low quantum yield and easy to oxidation. This review discusses the latest developments in Cu NCs, with particular emphasis on their synthesis, optical properties, and applications in monitoring water quality. Pivotal factors that control the stability and FL properties of Cu NCs are emphasized. Examples of Cu NCs for monitoring of pH values and sensing of various analytes such as Hg2+, NO2−, S2−, I−, and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene are provided to show their sensing mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages. Possible strategies for overcoming the low quantum yields and small scales of preparation of Cu NCs are suggested. To make Cu NCs more popular for sensing, we suggest that Cu NCs shall be integrated with portable microsystems such as array and microfluidic devices.

High-performance lithium–ion batteries (LIBs) are the main development direction of future energy storage devices. However, most LIBs still face a problem of high first irreversible capacity loss. Pre-lithiation technology can increase the content of active lithium source and compensate the loss of active lithium during the first cycle. Adding lithium supplement additive to the cathode provides an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of LIBs. Here, Li2MoO3 has been investigated as a cathode additive in the full cells. In order to optimize its preparation, Li2MoO3 has been prepared by three different methods, including solid-phase method, liquid-phase method and ultrasonic method. Based on material characterization and electrochemical performance tests, Li2MoO3 material prepared by liquid-phase method shows the best lithium storage properties and chosen as a cathode additive in the LiNi[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O2/SiO@C full cells. The addition of Li2MoO3 has successfully improved the electrochemical performance of the full cell. The first discharge specific capacity increases from 103.9 mAh g[Formula: see text] to 130.4 mAh g[Formula: see text]. In short, Li2MoO3 material is a promising cathode additive for LIBs.

Constraining urban emissions is gaining more attention because of the important role of cities in reaching national climate mitigation targets. Urban inverse modelling studies could constrain emissions of large hotspots, but still face many challenges. It has been argued that more detailed information is needed on both atmospheric transport and prior emissions when moving to a higher spatial and temporal resolution. In this work we focus on the description of temporal variability in the prior emissions and examine how it impacts the optimization of urban emissions of CO2, CH4 and CO on a monthly time scale representative for a measurement campaign. Currently, temporal profiles based on long-term average activity data are often applied. However, these average temporal profiles are unable to capture a realistic variability in the emissions, such as those imposed by environmental conditions. Therefore, we created a set of location- and time-specific temporal profiles and compared the optimized emissions using these average and specific temporal profiles. We find that using the specific temporal profiles increases the optimized CO2 emissions with 19%, even though the prior monthly emissions are the same. This suggests a change in the source-receptor relationship that affects comparison of the observed and simulated mixing ratios, leading to a different emission estimate. The impact is also large (~40%) for CH4, but this is mainly due to the increase in prior emissions caused by redistributing agricultural emissions over all months of the year. Moreover, we show that extrapolating monthly emission estimates to annual estimates, required for reporting, using the various sets of temporal profiles can result in differences of max. 26% for CO2, 101% for CH4, and 13% for CO. Therefore, we conclude that an accurate representation of the temporal variability is essential for urban inverse modelling studies.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has received increasing attention due to its high selectivity, non-invasiveness, negligible drug resistance, oxygen independence, and minimal side effects. In PTT, photothermal agents (PTAs) absorb light energy and generate heat to kill cancer cells. Although various PTAs with strong near-infrared (NIR) light absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency have been developed, their clinical uses in PTT still face with challenges. For example, maintaining a temperature of above 50°C for several minutes is needed to effectively ablate tumors, but this high temperature may destroy the surrounding normal tissues. Moreover, this rapid heating can induce an immune response that increases the cell tolerance to heat, which can weaken the therapeutic effects of PTT. In this review, we mainly focus on two approaches that have been developed to overcome the limitations of PTT, including inhibiting the expression of heat shock protein (Hsp) and regulating the metabolic processes of cells to develop low temperature PTT (LTPTT). We then discuss the existing challenges in clinical uses of LTPTT for treating tumors, and finally introduce future perspectives on the design of more effective therapeutic agents.

BACKGROUND Emotion regulation develops through bidirectional affective communication. AIM To investigate the role of maternal interactive behavior in predicting infant affect among preterm versus full-term infants. STUDY DESIGN The association between maternal interactive behavior (contingent, attention seeking, watching) and infant affect during a modified Still Face (SF) paradigm in a sample of 22 preterm and 28 full term infants (3 ½ - 4 ½ months old) was investigated. METHODS Maternal behavior and infant affect were coded in one second intervals. RESULTS Maternal contingent interaction was positively correlated with positive infant affect (p

New data reveal the shocking extent to which black and Asian doctors are at a disadvantage when applying for medical jobs. Samara Linton reports