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The confrontation between Israel and Palestine that has been continuing during many decades is embodied nowadays not only in incessant military activities, but also in the media. Those ones protecting Palestine serve as sources of aggressive propaganda that incite irreconcilable hatred toward opponents. Correspondingly, with permanent attacks against Israel the above media insistently use a specifically colored lexis that escalates the tense situation in this region. This article purposefully envisages the “topic of hatred” promoted by the Palestinian print media as an active actor of modern political transformation in the Middle East. Investigating principles of functioning these media provides with better understanding of contemporary authoritarian society and raises the question of the media dependence on the political guidelines of Palestinian authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terms perestroika (literally, "transformation") and glasnost (literally, "transparency") refer to the social change that took place in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s. Then USSR leader, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Mikhail Gorbachev, introduced perestroika as a necessary action to improve the nation's economy and its international relations. Glasnost was meant to promote effective discussions regarding the country's existing problems and shortcomings. However, only a few years following their instatement, both processes did not improve the sociopolitical situation. On the contrary, they led to the country's collapse. This article seeks to answer why gracious intentions, meant to actualize the hopes and dreams of the Soviet people, eventually resulted in tremendously difficult times. Special attention is paid to the role of the Soviet media, which became a catalyst for many social problems. The authors raise the issue of the media's level of responsibility during this social transformation, which appeared to be one of the most crucial conditions for its successful implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]