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Foam-assisted gas injection exhibits promising potential for enhancing sweep efficiency through the amelioration of gravity segregation, particularly within reservoirs characterized by heterogeneity. In this work, the implicit-texture (IT) model featuring two flow regimes is employed to examine the impact of heterogeneity on gravity segregation. The validation of the numerical results for water–gas coinjection and pre-generated foam injection is accomplished through a comparative analysis with analytical solutions. A hypothetical two-layer model with varying permeabilities and thickness ratios is used to examine the impact of foam on gravity segregation. The numerical findings demonstrate satisfactory conformity with analytical solutions in homogeneous reservoirs. A high-permeability top layer in a layered model with a fixed injection rate results in sweep efficiency similar to that of a homogeneous reservoir with each individual permeability. A low-permeability top layer could increase the sweep efficiency, but with severe permeability contrast, the bottom high-permeability layer could impact the displacement process, even with a thin thickness. The sweep efficiency increases with the thickness of the high-permeability top layer and decreases with a thicker low-permeability top layer under fixed injection pressure. The predicted segregation length through a single-layer approximation cannot match the results of the layered models where the permeability contrast is too great or the thickness of two layers is comparable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of the gene vaccine in anti-tuberculosis immunity by constructing immunity-related p47 GTPase/ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 (LRG47/EBP50) gene co-expression recombinant lentivirus targeting vector. Methods Recombinant lentiviral plasmid vector pLenti-EBP50-LRG47 was established by using molecular cloning and packaged as lentivirus LV-EBP50-LRG47 and H37Rv infect macrophages. Then their bactericidal ability was tested by colony-forming units while the cellular autophagy and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. iNOS protein was detected by Western blotting and the expression level of nitric oxide (NO) was detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Results The recombinant lentivirus LV-EBP50-LRG47 successfully up-regulated the expression of EBP50 and LRG47 after infecting macrophages. Compared with the control group, LV-EBP50-LRG47 can significantly inhibit the growth of intracellular H37Rv. The autophagy and apoptosis levels of LV-EBP50-LRG47 infected macrophages increased significantly, and the expression levels of iNOS and NO were significantly up-regulated. Conclusion LRG47/EBP50 gene co-expression enhances macrophages autophagy and apoptosis, and increases generation of iNOS and NO, which significantly inhibites the growth of intracellular H37Rv.