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Hydrogels have been widely used as wound dressings to accelerate wound healing. However, due to the impaired skin barrier at the wound site, external bacteria can easily invade the wound and cause infection. In this study, we designed a dopamine-modified sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone (CPD) hydrogel, which was able to promote wound healing while preventing wound infection. Due to the high content of catechol groups, the CPD hydrogel exhibited good tissue adhesion ability and a significant scavenging ability for DPPH• and PTIO• radicals. Under near-infrared laser irradiation, the temperature of CPD hydrogel increased significantly, which significantly killed the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The cell migration test confirmed that CPD hydrogel could promote the cell migration ratio. In the in vivo wound healing test for infected full-thickness skin defect, CPD hydrogel significantly inhibited bacterial proliferation and enhanced wound healing rate. Therefore, the multifunctional hydrogel is expected to be applied to wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the role of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in infectious pancreatic necrosis, a complication of acute pancreatitis. The study found that Treg activation disrupts the barrier function of the duodenum, allowing bacteria to enter the pancreatic necrosis. The researchers focused on the expression of the co-inhibitory molecule Programmed-death 1 (PD-1) on Tregs and found that PD-1 expression correlated with the level of Tregs. They also conducted experiments on mouse models and found that blocking PD-1 reduced the translocation of bacteria into the pancreas. The study suggests that PD-1 blockage could be a potential therapeutic strategy for infectious pancreatic necrosis, but further research is needed. [Extracted from the article]