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A collaborative relationship between vocational colleges and the industry sector is essential to provide highly skilled graduates that align with the industry's current demands. The critical need for the implementation of industrial collaboration in vocational colleges has given rise to polemics about the ability and expertise of industrial relations and training officers (KUPLI) in managing the implementation of effective industrial collaborative relations. This study was conducted to explore issues in the implementation of industrial collaborative relationships as well as to explore the need for the implementation of effective industrial collaborative relationships based on KUPLI's perspective. This study is conducted using a qualitative approach, while the design of this study is in the form of a multiple-embedded case study. The implementation of this study is essential in helping every party interested in implementing industrial collaborative relations in improving the role of KUPLI to succeed in effective industrial collaborative relations. The findings of the study found that there are six critical issues and requirements for the implementation of effective industrial collaborative relations in Malaysian vocational colleges, among which are the issue of unclear collaborative direction, training management issues, the need for effective interaction and the need for a comprehensive support system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM2.5) levels, was a significant focus at the COP26 summit. Rampant production practices and changing lifestyles contribute to the issue globally. China's rapid urbanization and reliance on fossil fuels significantly threaten global health sustainability. This study aims to evaluate China's environmental agenda and offer policy recommendations for achieving a green and clean environment. To accomplish this, the study assesses the crucial factors contributing to China's air pollution levels, focusing specifically on fine PM2.5 from 1975 to 2020. By implementing the ARDL bounds testing approach, the study confirmed a non‐linear relationship between per capita income and PM2.5, demonstrating an inverted U‐shaped curve with a turning point observed at a per capita income level of US$3030 in the short run. Furthermore, a positive correlation between these variables was detected in the long run. The study also revealed that rapid urbanization initially leads to increased PM2.5 concentrations, whereas it has a decreasing effect in the long term. To progress towards sustainable production and consumption, China has embraced efficient environmental technologies and increasing clean energy sources in its production mix. Leveraging these strategies, the country strives to achieve its decarbonization agenda and ensure a cleaner future. By conducting an ex ante analysis, this study identified ecological technologies, renewable energy demand and oil resource rents as critical influencers on China's air pollution levels over the next decade. The findings underscore the pressing need to embrace alternative energy sources, eco‐friendly technologies and resource conservation to tackle air pollution effectively and accomplish China's decarbonization objectives. It is imperative to prioritize adopting sustainable practices, ensuring a cleaner environment for current and future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]