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Introduction: The lateral longitudinal arch (LLA) is an essential structure of the foot. However, LLA evaluation methods remain underexplored compared to those of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA). This study sought to develop a method for measuring the cuboid height, the keystone of the LLA, using ultrasonography and to verify its correlation with radiography, as well as intrarater and interrater reliability., Methods: This cross-sectional study included 21 university students (14 males and seven females). The cuboid height was measured using radiography and ultrasonography. The validity of ultrasonographic measurements was assessed through correlation with radiographic measurements and Bland-Altman analysis. Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs)., Results: A strong correlation was observed between cuboid heights measured using radiography and ultrasonography (r = 0.98, p < 0.01). The Bland-Altman analysis revealed a fixed bias of -0.71 mm (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -0.96 to -0.46 mm). Intrarater and interrater reliability for ultrasonographic measurements were almost perfect, with ICCs of 0.98 and 0.99, respectively., Conclusions: Cuboid height measurements using ultrasonography demonstrated high validity and reliability. This method offers a noninvasive and cost-effective alternative to radiography, with potential clinical applications in the evaluation of LLA and related conditions such as cuboid syndrome and lateral foot injuries., (© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Foot and Ankle Research published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Podiatry Association and The Royal College of Podiatry.)

Background: Early intervention may prevent maltreatment during infancy. This study examined the effectiveness of interventions initiated during the perinatal period to prevent child abuse and neglect., Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for articles published before February 2023. Randomized controlled trials of interventions that began during pregnancy or within the first year postpartum, aimed at preventing child abuse and neglect in at-risk families, were included. The risk of bias in each study was evaluated using RoB 2. Outcomes from each study were combined using random-effects meta-analysis. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach., Findings: A total of 1746 articles were assessed for eligibility; 56 reports from international sources met the inclusion criteria, and 32 reports were included in the meta-analysis. Nineteen intervention studies based on 25 reports provided results regarding child maltreatment, and the overall risk ratio of the meta-analysis at the time of final reporting (evaluation period: 4-225 months) was 0.92 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-1.07). In subgroup analysis by intervention type, the risk ratio for comprehensive support was 1.74 (95 % CI: 1.05-2.87)., Interpretation: Few studies have demonstrated the overall effectiveness of abuse prevention interventions for pregnant women with psychosocial risks. The timing and severity of child maltreatment reports must be considered, as they may reflect the effectiveness of early detection in preventing more serious future abuse., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Preconception care is expected to prevent diseases, promote health, and improve pregnancy outcomes. Although a consensus exists on the efficacy of folic acid supplementation and preconception vaccination, evidence regarding comprehensive approaches to preconception care targeting the general population remains lacking. We aimed to identify and examine preconception care programs delivered to reproductive-aged women and men to promote behavioral change., Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases on November 30, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs assessing preconception care programs provided to the general population. We included behavioral change interventions, including screening, counseling, and education, to encourage preconception health. We performed a narrative synthesis of the characteristics and a summary of the intervention effects of the included studies., Results: We identified 26 trials (from 29 reports). Most of the studies recruited women. The most common study setting was healthcare services, and various types of behavioral change interventions were noted. All types of interventions, including individual education, group education, online education, and information campaigns, exhibited certain effects of improvement regarding behavioral change, knowledge, health outcomes, and other health-related outcomes in preconception health., Conclusions: In this systematic review, only three studies recruited men. Further research on preconception care in men is needed. The topics typically addressed in preconception care are folic acid supplementation and nutrition. Additionally, further research is needed for a comprehensive approach, including physical, mental, and social health. Future research addressing the broad determinants of preconception health for both women and men could provide more effective preconception care., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Distal radius fracture (DRF), sarcopenia, and malnutrition have been reported to be interrelated. However, there are few reports on the effects of sarcopenia and malnutrition on DRF patients' postoperative outcomes. This study examined the healthy-side grip strength and preoperative blood tests to determine the presence of possible sarcopenia (PS) and malnutrition in geriatric women with DRF and their impact on postoperative functional outcomes., Methods: Fifty-five woman older than 60 years treated with volar-locking plate fixation for low-energy DRF from standing-level falls were retrospectively studied. Based on the criteria of The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019, patients with a healthy-side grip strength <18 kg were defined as PS. Nutritional assessment was performed using Onodera's Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) before surgery, with a value <50 defined as malnutrition. The Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) was used for functional assessment at 1 year after surgery. Patients were divided into two groups according to PS, and patient demographic data and postoperative outcomes were compared. Multiple regression analysis was performed to estimate the regression coefficient and 95% confidence intervals for 1-year QuickDASH after surgery with adjustment for age, PS, and malnutrition., Results: Possible sarcopenia was present in 10 patients (18.2%), and malnutrition in 24 patients (43.6%). Possible sarcopenia patients were older, had lower PNI, serum albumin, and both sides grip strength, and worse QuickDASH compared with non-PS patients. In multiple regression analysis, age, PS, and malnutrition were significant predictors of QuickDASH (standardized coefficient β, 0.35, 0.34, and 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.02, 3.52-16.49, and 0.50-10.78)., Conclusions: Possible sarcopenia with a healthy-side grip strength <18 kg and malnutrition with a PNI <50 were associated with worse 1-year QuickDASH after surgery in women DRF patients over 60 years., Type of Study/level of Evidence: Prognostic Ⅳ., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest No benefits in any form have been received or will be received related directly to this article., (Copyright © 2024 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Ensitrelvir, a 3C-like protease inhibitor, received emergency approval in Japan in November 2022 for treating non-hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. However, confirmation of its real-world clinical effectiveness is limited., Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 18 vaccinated outpatients (15 men; median age, 39.5 years; range, 26-56), treated with a 5-day oral ensitrelvir regimen (375 mg loading dose, followed by 125 mg daily) between December 1, 2022, and January 31, 2023. Nasal swabs were collected on days 0, 3, 6, and 9 for RT-qPCR to assess viral load. Variants were identified by Sanger sequencing, and outcomes were compared to historical controls. Patients were followed for 60 days to monitor for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)., Results: Symptoms such as mild fever and sore throat improved rapidly after one day of ensitrelvir treatment, with 66 % of patients recovering within six days. All individuals were infected with the BA.5 Omicron variant. Viral loads, as measured by Ct values, increased significantly from 21.82 at symptom onset to 37.65 b y day 6, with SARS-CoV-2 RNA undetectable in most patients by day 9. Those treated within 48 h of symptom onset showed the viral load reduction. Compared to historical controls, where symptom resolution took 8.5 days, ensitrelvir shortened recovery time to as little as 1.4 days for over 66 % of patients., Conclusion: Ensitrelvir treatment resulted in rapid symptom relief and significant viral load reduction, with no adverse events, viral rebound, or PASC symptoms, demonstrating its potential efficacy and safety. Larger studies are needed for further confirmation., Competing Interests: No author declares any potential conflict of interest or competing financial or non-financial interest in relation to the manuscript., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Purpose: Previous studies have suggested little association between radiographic malalignment and long-term functional outcomes of nonsurgical treatment of distal radius fractures in geriatric patients. However, no report has stratified the elderly by age and focused on short-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine how the relationship between malunion and patient outcomes differs between early- and late-geriatric patients in the short and long terms after injury, thereby informing explanations and decision-making on treatment options for geriatric patients with distal radius fractures., Methods: One hundred patients treated nonsurgically for distal radius fractures were evaluated retrospectively; 52 were defined as early-geriatric patients (aged 60-72 years) and 48 as late-geriatric (aged >77 years). Malunion (dorsal tilt > 10°, ulnar variance > 3 mm, or intra-articular displacement or step-off > 2 mm), range of motion, and grip strength were investigated at 3 months. Multiple regression analysis was performed for each age group using Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) scores at 3 months as the dependent variable. QuickDASH scores over 1 year after injury were analyzed in the same way., Results: The early-geriatric patients included 33 acceptable unions and 19 malunions. The late-geriatric patients included 12 acceptable unions and 26 malunions. The significant predictors of QuickDASH scores at 3 months were malunion for the early-geriatric group and grip strength for the late-geriatric group (standardized coefficient β, 0.31 and -0.49, respectively). No factor significantly predicted the QuickDASH scores after at least 1 year in either group., Conclusions: Malunion was associated with worse QuickDASH scores at 3 months after injury in the early-geriatric patients but not in the late-geriatric patients and did not predict the QuickDASH scores at 1 year after injury in either age group., Type of Study/level of Evidence: Prognostic IV., (Copyright © 2024 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Both forearms of 36 patients who had been treated with an anterior locking plate using the trans-flexor carpi radialis approach for unilateral distal radial fractures were investigated by ultrasonography from the distal end of the radius to 5 cm proximally before plate removal. After fixation of the anterior locking plate, the median nerve was significantly more radially located to the flexor carpi radialis tendon than on the healthy side and showed hypertrophy and flattening at the distal end of the radius. In six cases, the median nerve on the plate side lay radial to the flexor carpi radialis tendon. The median nerve after plate fixation may lie more radially than its original position. Confirming the radial deviation of the median nerve by ultrasonography before removal of the anterior locking plate is useful to prevent the complication of median nerve injury. Level of evidence: IV., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Aim: For women, being underweight increases their susceptibility to osteoporosis, anemia, and other conditions and affects the weight of their infants and the well-being of future generations. This study examined the association between low pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and low birthweight using health insurance claims data and health checkup data, including weight measurements., Methods: We used health insurance claims data and health checkup data (JMDC, Tokyo, Japan) of women and their newborns in Japan between 2006 and 2020. We used checkup data, which included more accurate weight measurements and blood test-based diagnoses of anemia and hyperlipidemia compared to self-reported data. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was compared across three groups: underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m 2 ), normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ), and overweight (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m 2 ). The primary outcome was low birthweight (<2500 g), and secondary outcome was preterm childbirth. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare outcomes in the three groups by BMI. The underweight BMI group was considered as the reference group. A subgroup analysis was performed by maternal age., Results: In total, 16 363 mothers (underweight, 3418 [21%], normal weight, 11 493 [70%], and overweight, 1452 [8.9%]) were included. The risk of primary outcome (low birthweight) was significantly lower in the normal weight group than in the underweight group (4.6% vs. 5.7%; adjusted odds ratio 0.78 [95% confidence interval: 0.65-0.96]). In the subgroup analyses, no significant differences were noted in the incidences of low birthweight and preterm childbirth between maternal age groups., Conclusions: Pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with an increased risk of delivering low-birthweight infant. Awareness about the importance of women's pre-pregnancy health and appropriate BMI may reduce the incidence of low birthweight., (© 2024 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)

Background: Undernutrition and underweight are osteoporosis risk factors. Therefore, improving the health of underweight young women in Japan is an important medical issue. However, few studies have evaluated the association between being preconception underweight and postnatal osteoporotic fractures in young women., Methods: This retrospective cohort study used a Japanese nationwide claims database (JMDC Inc.) to evaluate the effect of preconception underweight on the incidence of osteoporotic fracture within two years after delivery. Data from 16,684 mothers who delivered their first singleton babies between January 2006 and December 2020 were analysed. The combination of disease codes of fractures at sites associated with osteoporosis and medical procedures for fractures was defined as the incidence of osteoporotic fractures, whereas the body mass index (BMI) recorded 12-36 months before delivery was used as the exposure. We estimated the incidence of osteoporotic fractures by BMI category using a Kaplan-Meier curve and examined the fracture risk using Cox hazard regression analyses., Results: Fifty-one women (0.31%) were affected by osteoporotic fractures within two years of delivery. More than 80% of these were rib fractures, and approximately 65% of fractures occurred after the first year postpartum. Preconception underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 ) was significantly associated with the incidence of postpartum osteoporotic fractures. There was no significant association between low BMI and postnatal fractures, as analysed via multiple categorical logistic regression analysis., Conclusion: Appropriate control of preconception weight might be critical to improving the postpartum quality of life, subsequent bone health, and neonatal care environment., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Aim: The present study aimed to estimate the total numbers of obstetric diseases diagnosed, total amounts of medical expenses claimed for obstetric diseases, their averages per livebirth, and yearly trends in Japan., Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) (data from 2015 to 2019). The target population was women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) with diseases in pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium, defined by having O codes according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision. We calculated the numbers of obstetric diseases diagnosed, amounts of medical expenses claimed for obstetric diseases marked with the "main injury/disease decision flag," and the totals divided by the annual numbers of livebirths, by year and women's age group., Results: From 2015 to 2019, both the numbers of obstetric diseases diagnosed and amounts of medical expenses claimed for obstetric diseases per livebirth were on an upward trend, whereas the total numbers of obstetric diseases diagnosed were decreased. Women in advanced age groups had a higher number of diagnoses and a higher amount of medical expenses for obstetric diseases per livebirth. "Preterm labour without delivery" had the highest amounts of medical expenses claimed for and the second highest numbers of diagnoses throughout the study period., Conclusions: This study suggests that pregnant women in Japan would have an increasing number of obstetric complications and necessary medical expenses year by year. Further study is warranted to elucidate these trends and identify possible mitigation measures., (© 2024 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)

Sweet potato is a crop that is widely consumed all over the world and is thought to contribute to health maintenance due to its abundant nutrients and phytochemicals. Previous studies on the functionality of sweet potatoes have focused on varieties that have colored pulp, such as purple and orange, which contain high levels of specific phytochemicals. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of light-yellow-fleshed sweet potatoes, which have received little attention. After freeze-drying sweet potatoes harvested in 2020, extracts were prepared from the leaves, stems, roots, and tubers in 100% ethanol. Mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7 cells were cultured with 10 µg/mL of the extracts and induced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation. Of the extracts, the tuber extracts showed the highest suppression of LPS-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression and production in RAW264.7, which was attributed to the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) oxidative stress response pathway. In addition, preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiments suggested that hydrophobic components specific to the tuber were the main body of activity. In previous studies, it has been shown that the tubers and leaves of sweet potatoes with colored pulp exhibit anti-inflammatory effects due to their rich phytochemicals, and our results show that the tubers with light-yellow pulp also exhibit the effects. Furthermore, we were able to show a part of the mechanism, which may contribute to the fundamental understanding of the treatment and prevention of inflammation by food-derived components.

The use of the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) for research has increased over time. Researchers need to understand the characteristics of the data to generate quality-assured evidence from the NDB. In this review, we mapped and characterized the limitations and related strategies using the NDB for research based on the descriptions of published NDB studies. To find studies that used Japanese healthcare claims data, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Ichushi-Web up to June 2023. Additionally, we hand-searched the NDB data publication list from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2017-2023). We abstracted data based on the NDB data type, research themes, age of the study sample or population, targeted disease, and the limitations and strategies in the NDB studies. Ultimately, 267 studies were included. Overall, the most common research theme was describing and estimating the prescriptions and treatment patterns (125 studies, 46.8%). There was a variation in the frequency of themes according to the type of NDB data. We identified the following categories of limitations: (1) lack of information on confounders/covariates, outcomes, and other clinical content, (2) limitations regarding patients not included in the NDB, (3) misclassification of data, (4) lack of unique identifiers and register of beneficiaries, and (5) others. Although the included studies noted several limitations of using the NDB for research, they also provided some strategies to address them. Organizing the limitations of NDB in research and the related strategies across research fields can help support high-quality NDB studies., Competing Interests: None, (Copyright © Japan Medical Association.)

This study aimed to clarify diseases that occur more frequently by age and identify the peaks and trends of each disease from infancy to adolescence for early detection and treatment. This retrospective observational study was conducted using Japan's National Database of Health Insurance Claims Specific Health Checkups from January 2012 to December 2016. Using peak ages and trends in the number of patients, we grouped diseases by the International Classification of Diseases chapters. Although diseases that peaked during infancy were the most common (10 disease chapters), other diseases peaked at school-going age and adolescence. Diseases in four chapters peaked during adolescence and continued to increase toward the age of 18. These four chapters included mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders; diseases of the nervous system; the genitourinary system; and pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium. Childhood-onset diseases can affect long-term health and healthcare needs, and timely screening and guidance based on disease trends can provide an effective intervention. To establish a child healthcare system that provides preventive support for children and adolescents' physical, psychological, and social health, further research is needed to comprehensively understand the issues per age and developmental stage.

Introduction: The flexor carpi radialis brevis (FCRB) is a rare anatomical variation, with a reported prevalence ranging from 0.9% to 8.7%. Our previous report showed three cases of FCRB in distal radius fracture (DRF) and found that hypoplastic pronator quadratus (PQ) adjacent to the FCRB muscle made it difficult to cover a volar locking plate (VLP). As we subsequently experienced additional six FCRBs, we report on new findings and surgical tips., Case Report: VLP fixation was performed on DRF with FCRB in nine limbs of eight patients. The prevalence was 2.9% (9 of 310 limbs). Of the seven patients that underwent unilateral surgery, six were muscle type and one was tendon type. One patient who underwent bilateral surgery had a muscle type on the left and a tendon type on the right. In three muscle types, as the FCRB muscle belly was widely attached to the radial side of the radius and the radial side of the PQ was hypoplastic, postoperative covering of the plate by repair of the PQ was impossible. Then, in two of those cases, the PQ and FCRB were sutured and the plate was covered. FCRB muscle could be retracted to the radial side in all cases. One patient with a tendon type had a ruptured tendon, which was left unrepaired. All patients had no postoperative problems., Conclusion: In the muscle-type FCRB, the muscle should be retracted to the radial side for VLP fixation. The muscle belly might occupy the radial side of the radius, and the PQ might be hypoplastic and unrepairable. However, the plate can be covered by suturing the PQ and FCRB., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: Nil, (Copyright: © Indian Orthopaedic Research Group.)

Background: Health insurance claims data are used in various research fields; however, an overview on how they are used in healthcare research is scarce in Japan. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to systematically map the relevant studies using Japanese claims data., Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Ichushi-Web were searched up to April 2021 for studies using Japanese healthcare claims data. We abstracted the data on study characteristics and summarized target diseases and research themes by the types of claims database. Moreover, we described the results of studies that aimed to compare health insurance claims data with other data sources narratively., Results: A total of 1,493 studies were included. Overall, the most common disease classifications were "Diseases of the circulatory system" (18.8%, n = 281), "Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases" (11.5%, n = 171; mostly diabetes), and "Neoplasms" (10.9%, n = 162), and the most common research themes were "medical treatment status" (30.0%, n = 448), "intervention effect" (29.9%, n = 447), and "clinical epidemiology, course of diseases" (27.9%, n = 417). Frequent diseases and themes varied by type of claims databases. A total of 19 studies aimed to assess the validity of the claims-based definition, and 21 aimed to compare the results of claims data with other data sources. Most studies that assessed the validity of claims data compared to medical records were hospital-based, with a small number of institutions., Conclusions: Claims data are used in various research areas and will increasingly provide important evidence for healthcare policy in Japan. It is important to use previous claims database studies and share information on methodology among researchers, including validation studies, while informing policymakers about the applicability of claims data for healthcare planning and management., Competing Interests: None, (Copyright © Japan Medical Association.)

Background: Recently, the survival rate of patients with cancer has improved annually due to advancements in cancer diagnosis and treatment technologies. Meanwhile, late-onset complications associated with cancer treatment significantly affect survival and quality of life. However, different from pediatric cancer survivors, there is no unified view on the follow-up of late complications in elderly cancer survivors. We reported a case of congestive heart failure as a late-onset complication of doxorubicin (DXR) in an elderly cancer survivor., Case Report: The patient is an 80-year-old woman with hypertension and chronic renal failure. She received six cycles of chemotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma that started in January 201X-2. The total dose of DXR was 300 mg/m 2 , and a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) performed in October 201X-2, showed good left ventricular wall motion (LVWM). In April 201X, she suddenly developed dyspnea. Upon arrival at the hospital, a physical examination revealed orthopnea, tachycardia, and leg edema. A chest radiograph showed cardiac enlargement and pleural effusion. A TTE showed diffusely reduced LVWM and a left ventricular ejection fraction in the 20% range. After close examination, the patient was diagnosed with congestive heart failure due to late-onset DXR-induced cardiomyopathy., Conclusion: Late-onset DXR-induced cardiotoxicity is considered high-risk from 250 mg/m 2 or higher. Elderly cancer survivors are at higher risk of cardiotoxicity than non-elderly cancer survivors and may require closer follow-up., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Suto, Suto, Inui and Okamura.)

Mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler (MPS I-H) is caused by the loss of α-L-iduronidase, a lysosomal enzyme that degrades glycosaminoglycans. Current therapies cannot treat many MPS I-H manifestations. In this study, triamterene, an FDA-approved, antihypertensive diuretic, was found to suppress translation termination at a nonsense mutation associated with MPS I-H. Triamterene rescued enough α-L-iduronidase function to normalize glycosaminoglycan storage in cell and animal models. This new function of triamterene operates through premature termination codon (PTC) dependent mechanisms that are unaffected by epithelial sodium channel activity, the target of triamterene's diuretic function. Triamterene represents a potential non-invasive treatment for MPS I-H patients carrying a PTC., Competing Interests: A.S., M.D., J.R.B., S.M.R., D.M.B. and K.M.K. are named in an unlicensed patent for the use of triamterene as a translational readthrough agent. S.M.R. and D.M.B. provided consulting services and received grants from PTC Therapeutics, Incorporated.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels) that mainly affects children. Symptoms include fever, chapped lips, strawberry tongue, red eyes (bulbar conjunctival injection), rash, redness, swollen hands and feet or skin peeling; and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. High fevers and systemic inflammation characterise the acute phase. Inflammation of the coronary arteries causes the most serious complication of the disease, coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs). The primary treatment is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA/aspirin), with doses and regimens differing between institutions. It is important to know which regimens are the safest and most effective in preventing complications., Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of IVIG in treating and preventing cardiac consequences of Kawasaki disease., Search Methods: The Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched the Cochrane Vascular Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov trials registers to 26 April 2022., Selection Criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the use of IVIG for the treatment of KD. We included studies involving treatment for initial or refractory KD, or both., Data Collection and Analysis: We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were incidence of CAAs and incidence of any adverse effects after treatment. Our secondary outcomes were acute coronary syndromes, duration of fever, need for additional treatment, length of hospital stay, and mortality. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome., Main Results: We identified 31 RCTs involving a total of 4609 participants with KD. Studies compared IVIG with ASA, another dose or regimen of IVIG, prednisolone, or infliximab. The majority of studies reported on primary treatment, so those results are reported below. A limited number of studies investigated secondary or tertiary treatment in IVIG-resistant patients. Doses and regimens of IVIG infusion varied between studies, and all studies had some concerns related to risk of bias. Primary treatment with IVIG compared to ASA for people with KD Compared to ASA treatment, IVIG probably reduces the incidence of CAAs in people with KD up to 30 days (odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41 to 0.87; 11 studies, 1437 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The individual studies reported a range of adverse effects, but there was little to no difference in numbers of adverse effects between treatment groups (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.89; 10 studies, 1376 participants; very low-certainty evidence). There was limited evidence for the incidence of acute coronary syndromes, so we are uncertain of any effects. Duration of fever days from treatment onset was probably shorter in the IVIG group (mean difference (MD) -4.00 days, 95% CI -5.06 to -2.93; 3 studies, 307 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There was little or no difference between groups in need for additional treatment (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.05 to 1.57; 3 studies, 272 participants; low-certainty evidence). No study reported length of hospital stay, and no deaths were reported in either group. Primary treatment with IVIG compared to different infusion regimens of IVIG for people with KD Higher-dose regimens of IVIG probably reduce the incidence of CAAs compared to medium- or lower-dose regimens of IVIG up to 30 days (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.89; 8 studies, 1824 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There was little to no difference in the number of adverse effects between groups (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.52 to 2.37; 6 studies, 1659 participants; low-certainty evidence). No study reported on acute coronary syndromes. Higher-dose IVIG may reduce the duration of fever compared to medium- or lower-dose regimens (MD -0.71 days, 95% CI -1.36 to -0.06; 4 studies, 992 participants; low-certainty evidence). Higher-dose regimens may reduce the need for additional treatment (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.88; 4 studies, 1125 participants; low-certainty evidence). We did not detect a clear difference in length of hospital stay between infusion regimens (MD -0.24, 95% CI -0.78 to 0.30; 3 studies, 752 participants; low-certainty evidence). One study reported mortality, and there was little to no difference detected between regimens (moderate-certainty evidence). Primary treatment with IVIG compared to prednisolone for people with KD The evidence comparing IVIG with prednisolone on incidence of CAA is very uncertain (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.48; 2 studies, 140 participants; very low-certainty evidence), and there was little to no difference between groups in adverse effects (OR 4.18, 95% CI 0.19 to 89.48; 1 study; 90 participants; low-certainty evidence). We are very uncertain of the impact on duration of fever, as two studies reported this outcome differently and showed conflicting results. One study reported on acute coronary syndromes and mortality, finding little or no difference between groups (low-certainty evidence). No study reported the need for additional treatment or length of hospital stay., Authors' Conclusions: The included RCTs investigated a variety of comparisons, and the small number of events observed during the study periods limited detection of effects. The certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low due to concerns related to risk of bias, imprecision, and inconsistency. The available evidence indicated that high-dose IVIG regimens are probably associated with a reduced risk of CAA formation compared to ASA or medium- or low-dose IVIG regimens. There were no clinically significant differences in incidence of adverse effects, which suggests there is little concern about the safety of IVIG. Compared to ASA, high-dose IVIG probably reduced the duration of fever, but there was little or no difference detected in the need for additional treatment. Compared to medium- or low-dose IVIG, there may be reduced duration of fever and reduced need for additional treatment. We were unable to draw any conclusions regarding acute coronary syndromes, mortality, or length of hospital stay, or for the comparison IVIG versus prednisolone. Our findings are in keeping with current guideline recommendations and evidence from long-term epidemiology studies., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Cochrane Collaboration.)

Background: The number of children with medical complexity (CMC) is increasing worldwide. For these children and their families, various forms of support are legislated; among them, short-stay respite care has a great unmet need. We examined such children's parents' preferences for respite care and their willingness to pay., Methods: We used discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to estimate the parents' preferences and willingness to pay. Parents whose children used overnight short-stay respite services answered a questionnaire to compare two hypothetical facilities of respite care having seven attributes and three levels. The DCE data was analyzed using the conditional logit model. The willingness to pay was calculated based on DCE estimates., Results: A total of 70 parents participated in this study and mean age of their children was 7.8 years (standard deviation [SD] 4.3). Among those children, 67 (96%) had the severest certification of disability, and 27 (38%) used a ventilator at home. We found that the parents' highest preferences was the best level of medical care level that can manage ventilators (coefficient 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-1.90). The better and best level of medical care, daily care, education/nursing, and emergency care were preferred over basic quality services. Willingness to pay for the best level of medical care was approximately 75,367 JPY per night., Conclusion: This study shows a need for respite care that can deliver high-level medical care, especially for the management of ventilators, to CMC. This finding can serve as a basis for promoting respite care services., (© 2023 Japan Pediatric Society.)

Background: There is still no certainty about factors delaying functional recovery after surgery, although volar locking plate (VLP) fixation is the mainstay of treatment for distal radius fractures (DRFs), and several good postoperative recoveries have been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting functional recovery after VLP fixation for DRF., Methods: The subjects included 104 patients (84 females, 20 males, mean age: 63.2 ± 13.8 years) treated with VLP fixation for DRF, who could be followed for 1 year. The Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score, grip strength, and range of motion of the wrist joint were measured at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and the primary outcome was the QuickDASH score. A multiple regression analysis adjusted for age and sex was used to analyze factors affecting functional recovery at 12 months., Results: A multiple regression analysis showed that the factors that significantly influenced the QuickDASH score at 1 year postoperatively were the grip strength ratio to the uninjured side, dominancy of the injured hand, and postoperative ulnar variance, in descending order of involvement. Trauma energy, history of diabetes, fracture type, complications, and range of motion were not included in the model., Conclusions: Smaller grip strength, dominant-hand injury, and larger postoperative ulnar variance significantly worsened the QuickDASH score at 1 year postoperatively. In order to achieve satisfactory functional recovery at 1 year after surgery, we confirmed that it is important to surgically achieve smaller postoperative ulnar variance and increase grip strength.

Introduction: The prevention of child abuse and neglect is an urgent matter given the serious effects persisting into adulthood, and the increased risk of the offspring of abused children being abusive themselves. Intervening as early as possible may prevent abuse that can begin in infancy. Although several systematic reviews have investigated the effects of interventions on populations who are at increased risk for perpetrating child abuse and neglect, few studies have focused on women or interventions that start during perinatal periods. This study aims to describe a systematic review to examine the effects of interventions to prevent child abuse and neglect that begin during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth (less than 1 year). The study will involve performing a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the latest research articles and a broader literature search., Methods and Analysis: The protocol was prepared using the 2015 statement of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. The review will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The literature search will be performed using the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from inception onward. Randomised controlled trials of interventions that begin during pregnancy or the first year postpartum, designed to prevent child abuse and neglect in families who are at increased risk for these issues, will be included. Data collection, quality assessment and statistical syntheses will be conducted by following the methods in the protocol that are predefined. Any index of child maltreatment will be included as a primary outcome. A meta-analysis and sub-group analyses will be considered based on the characteristics of interventions., Ethics and Dissemination: This study does not require ethical approval. The findings will be presented at conferences and will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42021266462., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

This study sought to assess the left atrial (LA) functional recovery after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) and to evaluate the determining factor of procedural success of RFCA, using a novel preload stress echocardiography. A total of 111 patients with AF were prospectively recruited. The echocardiographic parameters were obtained during the leg-positive pressure (LPP) maneuver, both at baseline and midterm after RFCA. As an index of LA distensibility, the LA expansion index was calculated as (LAV max - LAV min ) × 100 / LAV min . During a median follow-up period of 14.2 months, AF recurrence was observed in 23 patients (20.7%). In LA functional parameters at baseline, only the Δ LA expansion index was significantly larger in the success group (16 ± 11% vs 4 ± 9%, p <0.05). At midterm follow-up, the Δ LA expansion index significantly increased to 32 ± 19% (p <0.05), together with structural LA reverse remodeling only in the success group. Moreover, the Δ stroke volume index during the LPP stress test significantly increased only in the success group (from 2.3 ± 1.3 ml/m 2 to 3.1 ± 4.8 ml/m 2 , p <0.05). In a multivariate analysis, left ventricular ejection fraction (hazard ratio 0.911, p <0.05) and baseline Δ LA expansion index (hazard ratio 0.827, p <0.001) were independent predictors of AF recurrence. In conclusion, the baseline Δ LA expansion index during LPP stress is a reliable marker for predicting procedural success after RFCA. Moreover, maintenance of sinus rhythm resulted in an improvement of the preload reserve after RFCA., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Although communication tools might guide healthcare professionals in communicating with children about cancer, it is unclear what kind of tools are used. This scoping review aimed to map the communication tools used in cancer communication among children with cancer, families, and healthcare professionals., Methods: A comprehensive search using PubMed (including MEDLINE), Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and CINAHL was conducted on 1 August 2021. We mapped communication tools and their impacts., Results: We included 25 studies (9 experimental studies and 16 feasibility studies) of 29 reports and found 21 communication tools. There was a lack of communication tools that were (1) accessible and validated, (2) designed for healthcare professionals, (3) targeted children, families, and healthcare professionals, and (4) were designed to meet the needs of children and families. Experimental studies showed that the communication tools improved children's knowledge and psychological outcomes (e.g., health locus of control, quality of life, self-efficacy)., Conclusion: We mapped communication tools and identified areas that needed further research, including a lack of tools to guide healthcare professionals and share information with children and families. Further research is needed to develop and evaluate these communication tools. Moreover, it is necessary to investigate how communication tools support children, families, and healthcare professionals.

Organic acids in sake affect its aroma and color and help control the activity of microorganisms. This study used liquid chromatography coupled with isotope ratio mass spectrometry and solid-phase extraction to determine the stable carbon isotope ratios (δ 13 C) for malic acid, lactic acid, and succinic acid in 49 sake samples. The mean δ 13 C of lactic acid was -25.6 ± 2.1‰ in kimoto samples and -20.2 ± 2.5‰ in sokujo sample. According to linear discriminant analysis using δ 13 C of lactic acid, 87.8% of kimoto and sokujo samples were correctly identified. The proportion of brewers' lactic acid in sake could be calculated from the δ 13 C value of lactic acid for the first time. The productions of malic acid and succinic acid may be conducted by some kinds of fermentation and the mechanism of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by using δ 13 C of malic acid and succinic acid., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction and Hypothesis: Directed pushing while using the Valsalva maneuver is shown to lead to bladder neck descent, especially in women with urinary incontinence (UI). There is insufficient evidence about the benefits or adverse effects between the pushing technique during the second stage of labor and urinary incontinence postpartum. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the pushing technique for women during labor on postpartum UI and birth outcomes., Methods: Scientific databases were searched for studies relating to postpartum urinary incontinence and birth outcomes when the pushing technique was used from 1986 until 2020. RCTs that assessed healthy primiparas who used the pushing technique in the second stage of labor were included. In accordance with Cochrane Handbook guidelines, risk of bias was assessed and meta-analyzed. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach., Results: Seventeen RCTs (4606 primiparas) were included. The change in UI scores from baseline to postpartum was significantly lower as a result of spontaneous pushing (two studies; 867 primiparas; standardized mean difference: SMD -0.18, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.04). Although women were in the recumbent position during the second stage, directed pushing group showed a significantly shorter labor by 21.39 min compared with the spontaneous pushing group: there was no significant difference in the duration of the second stage of labor between groups., Conclusions: Primiparas who were in the upright position and who experienced spontaneous pushing during the second stage of labor could reduce their UI score from baseline to postpartum., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Objectives　Recently, paternal involvement in childcare has been gaining public attention in Japan. However, studies on the influences of active paternal involvement remain scarce. This study aimed to review the findings on the influence of paternal involvement in childcare on mothers, children, and fathers themselves from studies conducted in Japan and published mainly after 2010. Additionally, we examined methodological issues that need to be addressed when researchers conduct studies on paternal involvement in the future.Methods　We reviewed 26 journal articles (22 in Japanese and 4 in English) from four databases: "Igaku Chuo Zasshi Web (Japana Centra Revuo Medicina History and Activities)," JSTPlus, JMEDPlus, and PubMed with conditions such as studies conducted in Japan, families with young children, and questionnaire-based quantitative studies. We described respondents (mothers, fathers, or both) and assessed paternal involvement in childcare, outcomes, and findings.Results　We reviewed studies on paternal involvement in childcare published in Japanese after 2010 and English after 2000 and observed two trends across the studies. The first was that if mothers acknowledge active paternal involvement in childcare, mothers' parenting stress seemed to be lower, and they seemed to be happier. Moreover, for children's health and development, active paternal involvement seemed to be associated with positive results, such as prevention of unintentional injuries and obesity. However, in the second trend, we observed that active paternal involvement, assessed by the fathers themselves, were often not associated with lower parenting stress among mothers. We also could not observe a consistent trend on the findings related to the influences on fathers, due to the limited number of studies. We observed that assessment of paternal involvement in childcare was inconsistent across studies included in this review.Conclusion　With more social pressure for fathers to be actively involved in childcare, public interest for the influence would be heightened. For future studies, better ways of assessing the quantity and content of paternal involvement in childcare need to be discussed.

Background/aim: Pulmonary arterial intimal sarcoma (PAIS) is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor that is difficult to differentiate from pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Therefore, pre-operative diagnosis is often difficult. However, recent advances in fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) have enabled the use of standardized uptake values (SUVs) for the differential diagnosis of PAIS from PTE, and the frequency of diagnosis of PAIS has increased. Here, we report a case of PAIS that was difficult to differentiate from PTE despite using FDG-PET., Case Report: A 40-year-old woman presented with gradually worsening exertional dyspnea. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed lesions with poor enhancement in the right lateral basal pulmonary artery. FDG-PET/CT did not reveal any tumor or thrombosis in other areas. Cytological evaluation using a right ventricular catheter did not lead to a definitive diagnosis. Because the patient did not respond to anticoagulation, we performed pulmonary artery endarterectomy. Pathological examination of the pulmonary artery tumor revealed a mucinous tumor with an edematous stroma and spindle-shaped tumor-cell proliferation, which confirmed the diagnosis of PAIS. However, FDG/PET demonstrated a low SUV of 3.4., Conclusion: Some PAISs with low cellular densities and high mucous tissue proportions have SUVs similar to those in PTE. In patients with low FDG uptake, if PAIS is suspected based on other objective findings, additional exploration using highly invasive tests or surgical procedures specific to PAIS is warranted., (Copyright © 2022, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)

The most serious adverse effect of anthracycline chemotherapy is progressive dose-dependent left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, and a total cumulative doxorubicin dose ≥ 240 mg/m 2 has been classified as putting patients at high risk for developing cardiac dysfunction. Hypertension is the single most important risk factor for heart failure and chemotherapy-induced LV dysfunction, but the effect of hypertension on the total cumulative doxorubicin dose to prevent the development of LV dysfunction in patients scheduled for anthracycline chemotherapy remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hypertension on the optimal total cumulative anthracycline dose to prevent the development of LV dysfunction in patients with malignant lymphoma. We retrospectively studied 92 patients with malignant lymphoma and preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF) who underwent anthracycline chemotherapy. Echocardiography was performed before and 2 months after anthracycline chemotherapy. LV hypertrophy (LVH) was defined as concentric hypertrophy, and LV dysfunction after chemotherapy as a relative decrease in LVEF ≥ 5%. The cutoff value of the total cumulative doxorubicin dose for the development of LV dysfunction was lower for hypertensive patients (n = 23) than for non-hypertensive patients (n = 69) (259.3 mg/m 2 vs. 358.9 mg/m 2 ). Importantly, the cutoff value of the total cumulative doxorubicin dose to prevent the development of LV dysfunction in hypertensive patients with LVH was even lower at 40.1 mg/m 2 . A lower cumulative anthracycline dose can cause LV dysfunction in hypertensive patients with malignant lymphoma, especially when complicated by LVH. Our findings can thus be expected to have clinical implications for better management of such patients., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Evidence on the effectiveness of workplace interventions for improving working conditions on the health and wellbeing of fathers is scarce. We reviewed studies on the effectiveness of various workplace interventions designed to improve working conditions for the health and wellbeing of employed fathers and their families. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized controlled trials of workplace interventions applied to employees with the aim of improving working conditions of employed parents, compared with no intervention, other active arms, placebo, wait list, or usual practice were included. Studies involving only women were excluded. An electronic search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ERIC and SSCI was done for eligible studies. Studies were screened against predetermined criteria and assessment of risk of bias done using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions for RCTs and the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies for non-RCTs. Of the 8229 records identified, 19 reports were included in this review: 14 reports from five RCTs and five reports from two quasi-RCT studies. The studies were conducted in four different countries among working populations from various sectors. Studies addressing issues related to improving working conditions of fathers alone were lacking. All included studies assessed intervention effects on various health-related outcomes, the most common being sleep disturbances and mental health outcomes. Interventions administered yielded positive effects on various health outcomes across all seven studies. All included studies had methodological limitations, while study designs and methodologies lacked comparability. Consequently, a narrative synthesis of evidence is provided. Based on our findings, providing workplace interventions for improving working conditions may improve some aspects of the health and wellbeing of employed parents, including fathers.