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Euler's classic partition identity states that the number of partitions of $n$ into odd parts equals the number of partitions of $n$ into distinct parts. We develop a new generalization of this identity, which yields a previous generalization of Franklin as a special case, and prove an accompanying Beck-type companion identity.

Recently, the authors with Lea Beneish established a recipe for constructing Ramanujan-Sato series for $1/\pi$, and used this to construct 11 explicit examples of Ramanujan-Sato series arising from modular forms for arithmetic triangle groups of non-compact type. Here, we use work of Chisholm, Deines, Long, Nebe and the third author to prove a general $p$-adic supercongruence theorem through an explicit connection to CM hypergeometric elliptic curves that provides $p$-adic analogues of these Ramanujan-Sato series. We further use this theorem to construct explicit examples related to each of our explicit Ramanujan-Sato series examples.

The Alder-Andrews Theorem, a partition inequality generalizing Euler's partition identity, the first Rogers-Ramanujan identity, and a theorem of Schur to $d$-distinct partitions of $n$, was proved successively by Andrews in 1971, Yee in 2008, and Alfes, Jameson, and Lemke Oliver in 2010. While Andrews and Yee utilized $q$-series and combinatorial methods, Alfes et al. proved the finite number of remaining cases using asymptotics originating with Meinardus together with high-performance computing. In 2020, Kang and Park conjectured a "level $2$" Alder-Andrews type partition inequality which relates to the second Rogers-Ramanujan identity. Duncan, Khunger, the second author, and Tamura proved Kang and Park's conjecture for all but finitely many cases using a combinatorial shift identity. Here, we generalize the methods of Alfes et al. to resolve nearly all of the remaining cases of Kang and Park's conjecture.

In a 2016 paper, Straub proved an analogue to Euler's partition identity for partitions with fixed perimeter. Later, Fu and Tang provided a refinement and generalization of Straub's analogue to $d$-distinct partitions as well as a result related to the first Rogers-Ramanujan identity. Motivated by Alder-type partition identities and their generalizations, we build on work of Fu and Tang to establish generalized Alder-type partition inequalities in a fixed perimeter setting, and notably, a reverse Alder-type inequality., Comment: 13 pages

In 2020, Kang and Park conjectured a "level $2$" Alder-type partition inequality which encompasses the second Rogers-Ramanujan Identity. Duncan, Khunger, the fourth author, and Tamura proved Kang and Park's conjecture for all but finitely many cases utilizing a "shift" inequality and conjectured a further, weaker generalization that would extend both Alder's (now proven) as well as Kang and Park's conjecture to general level. Utilizing a modified shift inequality, Inagaki and Tamura have recently proven that the Kang and Park conjecture holds for level $3$ in all but finitely many cases. They further conjectured a stronger shift inequality which would imply a general level result for all but finitely many cases. Here, we prove their conjecture for large enough $n$, generalize the result for an arbitrary shift, and discuss the implications for Alder-type partition inequalities.

Motivated by work of Chan, Chan, and Liu, we obtain a new general theorem which produces Ramanujan-Sato series for $1/\pi$. We then use it to construct explicit examples related to non-compact arithmetic triangle groups, as classified by Takeuchi. Some of our examples are new, and some reproduce existing examples., Comment: 33 pages