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Developing functional foods by utilizing plants can often lead to compromised sensory properties. Thus this study investigates the combination of plants to produce synergistic effects and to incorporate these plant powders into a pasta formulation without affecting its sensory acceptance. Six common Brunei medicinal plants were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (ICBreynia androgyna had the highest FRAP value of 74.3 ± 5.33 mg gFortification of pasta with the plant powder blends resulted a significant increase in DPPH antioxidant activity, while successfully maintaining indistinguishable features from the control pasta, including minimal cooking loss, agreeable measure of cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness, with good overall sensory acceptability. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Food waste (FW) poses significant risks to the sustainability of our food supply chains and systems. Considerable contributors to waste from the food supply chain include open markets, landfills, and marketplaces. Bio-circular-green (BCG) therefore aims to transform society by turning FW into value-added products using technology and innovation as a sensible solution to the problem of FW. The advancement of creative technologies and alternative agricultural practices have been presented in response to this rising issue. FW valorization provides a huge prospective solution both economically and environmentally. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the valorization of FW into biofuels, biochemicals, biofertilisers, and biopolymers. Current approaches and their challenges for bioprocessing FW to create concepts for BCG, with a focus on its contribution to income production as value-added products are covered. Challenges and constraints together with strategies for overcoming them are also presented along with future perspectives.

Biosensor technology is experiencing an unprecedented momentum that is driven by rapid advances in material science for utilization in various fields, and is constantly evolving to develop fast, simple and sensitive sensors. Here, we present a comprehensive and concise review on electrochemiluminescent (ECL) nanomaterial-based aptasensors including challenges and applications. ECL aptasensor combines the merits of a biosensor, selectivity of an aptamer, and sensitivity of ECL to construct sensitive and selective sensors. Signal amplification processes through the incorporation of nanomaterials are essential to further enhance the sensitivity of ECL sensing systems. Nanomaterials are commonly utilized in sensor fabrication as (i) electrode modifiers, (ii) nanocarriers, (iii) nanocatalysts, and (iv) luminophores. The review highlights the effects of integrating nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, carbon nanomaterials, metal organic frameworks, and quantum dots using various research strategies that address signal amplification to enhance the ECL signal. Furthermore, various concepts have been demonstrated with relevant figures and explanations to serve as a general overview for the design of ECL aptasensors. Lastly, we discuss the underlying problems and possibilities for ECL aptasensor research and development.

This work reports on the first electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor employing a novel nanostructured composite of titanium dioxide (TiO