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Background and Aim: Exercise training and supplementation with Ginkgo biloba are used to improve body composition and metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with Ginkgo biloba supplementation on changes in plasma irisin and some inflammatory and stress indices in overweight men. Methods: Following the screening, 40 overweight young men were randomly divided into four groups: placebo, Ginkgo biloba supplement, HIIT, and supplement+HIIT. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before and after eight weeks of HIIT exercise as well as immediately after the aerobic exhaustive test to study the indicators above in the population. Two-way ANOVA was used for inter-group comparisons, and Tukey's post hoc test was used to determine the difference between the groups. Results: The results showed that after eight weeks of intervention with HIIT and Ginkgo biloba supplementation, GPx, SOD, CAT, and irisin values increased significantly in all three groups. TAC values increased only in the supplement and exercise + supplement groups. Also, a significant decrease was observed in the values of MDA, IL-6, and hs-CRP in all three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of HIIT combined with Ginkgo biloba supplementation can lead to combating the destructive effects resulting from exhaustive activity by increasing plasma irisin and anti-inflammatory effects and improving oxidative stress. Therefore, it seems that combining HIIT with this supplement can have significant protective effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Dysregulation of lipid and carbohydrate/fatty acid (FA) balance in Sertoli and germ cells alters the NADP+/ NADPH ratio, resulting in metabolic autophagy in testicles. Tramadol (TRA) adversely affects spermatogenesis development, and it is not reversed within short periods of time after withdrawal. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the boosting effect of different exercise training protocols (ETPs) on TRA-induced detrimental effects after withdrawal. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 36 mature Wistar rats were separated into control and TRAsole (administered 40 mg/kg of TRA and euthanized 60 days after TRA administration), Con-TRA (stopped TRA administration after 60 days, and continued for additional 60 days after withdrawal), TRA+low-intensity (TRA+LICT), TRA+ moderate-intensity (TRA+MICT), and TRA+high-intensity continuous (TRA+HICT) ETPs-induced groups (n=6/ group, ETPs were initiated for 60 days after stopping TRA administration). Next, the intracytoplasmic carbohydrate and lipids/FAs content, testicular lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, relative ratios of NADP+/NADPH, serum testosterone levels, and the Leydig cells steroidogenic activity, the mRNA levels of Beclin-1, p62, LC3-I, and Atg7 as well as the LC3-I/II+ germ and somatic cells mean distributions were analyzed. Results: The LICT and MICT could ameliorate the TRA-induced carbohydrates/lipids, FAs imbalance, increase lactate, LDH and testosterone levels, re-balance the NADP+/NADPH ratio, and reregulate the autophagy and steroidogenic activities in the Leydig and Sertoli cells. Conclusion: Collectively, LICT and MICT can ameliorate the TRA-induced metabolic-oxidative autophagy by rebalancing energy survey in testicles and down-regulating autophagy reactions in Sertoli cells and rebalancing it in the Leydig cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current research was designed to analyze the effect of moderate-intensity exercise training (MEXT), solely and simultaneous with insulin, on the network between oxidative stress and Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperones after experimental type I diabetes (DM) induction in rats. Materials and Methods: In the experimental study, 36 mature Wistar rats were assigned into control and experimental type I DM-induced groups, and then the diabetic animals were categorized to sedentary type I DM-induced (SDM), exercise training-sole without DM (E), exercise training DM-induced (EDM), insulin-treated sedentary DM-induced (ISDM), and exercise training insulin-treated DM-induced (EIDM) groups. After 6 weeks, Johnson’s score was evaluated to analyze the spermatogenesis ratio. Results: The Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression levels, testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein peroxidation ratio, testicular DNA fragmentation ratio, and mRNA damage were investigated. The animals in EDM and EIDM groups (solely and simultaneously) represented a significant (P<0.05) improvement in Johnson’s score, spermatogenesis, and TAC ratios versus SDM animals. Moreover, the DM-induced DNA and mRNA damage and protein peroxidation ratio were significantly (P<0.05) recovered in EDM and ISDM groups, which was more remarkable in the EIDM group. The EDM and EIDM groups exhibited significant (P<0.05) increment in Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression levels versus the control and SEDT1 animals. However, the EIDM group exhibited no significant changes compared to the control animals. Conclusion: The EX could ameliorate the EDT1-induced detrimental impact by up-regulating Hsp70 and Hsp90 expressions. Meanwhile, it exerts potentially more effective impact, when it is considered simultaneously with insulin therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]