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Endometriosis is a prevalent condition, affecting 10-15% of women of reproductive age and approximately 70% of those with chronic pelvic pain. An estimated 176 million women worldwide are affected by this disease. The condition occurs predominantly between menarche and menopause, with peak incidence between the ages of 25 and 45. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, leading to the formation of lesions most commonly in the ovaries but also in the fallopian tubes, gastrointestinal tract, and occasionally in distant locations like the pleura and central nervous system. Symptoms include chronic pelvic pain, heavy and painful menstrual periods, dyspareunia, painful urination, and defecation. Diagnosis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging techniques, and the gold standard, diagnostic laparoscopy. There is an average delay of 6.7 years between symptom onset and diagnosis, often due to variable and confusing symptoms resembling other conditions. The pathogenesis of endometriosis involves genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, with significant roles played by estrogens and progesterone. Treatment strategies focus on managing symptoms through pain relief, hormonal therapy, and surgical interventions, although no permanent cure exists. Hormonal imbalances, particularly the interaction of progesterone and estrogens, play a crucial role in disease progression. Current research explores various treatment options, including hormonal therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, and surgical methods to improve the quality of life for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which an epithelial cell undergoes multiple modifications, acquiring both morphological and functional characteristics of a mesenchymal cell. This dynamic process is initiated by various inducing signals that activate numerous signaling pathways, leading to the stimulation of transcription factors. EMT plays a significant role in cancer progression, such as metastasis and tumor heterogeneity, as well as in drug resistance. In this article, we studied molecular mechanisms, epigenetic regulation, and cellular plasticity of EMT, as well as microenvironmental factors influencing this process. We included both in vivo and in vitro models in EMT investigation and clinical implications of EMT, such as the use of EMT in curing oncological patients and targeting its use in therapies. Additionally, this review concludes with future directions and challenges in the wide field of EMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma is a disease that leads to optic nerve damage and irreversible loss of the visual field. Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery technique, where the surgeon opens the trabecular network and Schlemm's canal to improve the outflow of the aqueous humor. This method has shown efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure in patients with primary and secondary glaucoma. GATT has gained popularity due to its minimally invasive nature, compatibility with cataract surgery and relatively low cost. Despite its advantages, the procedure can be associated with many complications such as hyphema, intraocular pressure spikes and corneal edema. In rare cases, it can lead to Descemet's membrane detachment or cystoid macular edema. The success of GATT procedure mostly depends on the surgeon's skill and experience, but also on the patient's risk factors, including age and preoperative intraocular pressure levels. Further studies are required to understand long outcomes and identify the patients, who may be at higher risk of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]