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Staphylococcus argenteus, identified in 2006, represents a challenging case of bacterial taxonomic identification because of its high similarity to Staphylococcus aureus. In this context, neither mass spectrometry (MS) nor 16S gene analysis cannot precisely reveal the difference between the two species. In our study, the sensitivity to antibiotics of S. argenteus isolated from blood culture was tested, and the investigation of the bacterial genome was performed by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Whole-Genome Next-Generation Sequencing (WG-NGS). The pathogen was identified as ST2250 and presented perfectly matched resistance genes, namely aph(3′)-III, mgrA, and sepA, whereas the virulence gene detected was scn. Two plasmids were found: the pSAS plasmid, belonging to the family of Inc18, and plasmid pN315, belonging to the Rep3 group. The epidemiological distribution and the spread of S. argenteus infection are scarcely documented, particularly when associated with sepsis. Therefore, a correct taxonomy identification, antibiogram, and resistance gene analysis may help in acquiring knowledge about this bacterium and implement its detection and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have seen a considerable increase in the last years and given the health burden they may represent from both a personal and community perspective, they require surveillance and prevention programmes based on a timely and decentralized diagnosis. In this context, user-friendly rapid molecular tests may represent a good trade-off between diagnostic accuracy, accessibility and affordability. In this study we evaluated the diagnostic performance of a new real-time LAMP (Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification) method for the rapid detection and differentiation of 7 major sexually transmissible pathogens by analysing real clinical samples (genital and extra-genital matrices) from individuals with suspected STIs. The assay showed good overall diagnostic performances in terms of sensitivity, specificity and concordance with a gold-standard PCR-based molecular method. This assay, not requiring specialised laboratory technicians or expensive instrumentation, but nonetheless capable of guaranteeing accurate results, is within the reach of outpatient settings, obstetrics, and gynaecology clinic, hence ensuring on-field access to early diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper focuses on the development of ground motion models for simulating the main characteristics of recorded earthquake accelerograms induced by geothermal power plants (GPPs) operation. In this regard, firstly, a worldwide database for the GPP-induced earthquakes is gathered, containing 110 events and 664 recorded accelerograms. All the data are processed using a combined denoising method. Afterward, their main seismic characteristics are studied statistically, in both horizontal and vertical directions. Finally, different sets of ground motion models are developed for simulating the ground motion peak values, duration, 5% damped spectral acceleration and velocity in horizontal, and vertical directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work illustrates the development of a dry inhalation powder of cyclosporine-A for the prevention of rejection after lung transplantation and for the treatment of COVID-19. The influence of excipients on the spray-dried powder's critical quality attributes was explored. The best-performing powder in terms of dissolution time and respirability was obtained starting from a concentration of ethanol of 45% (v/v) in the feedstock solution and 20% (w/w) of mannitol. This powder showed a faster dissolution profile (Weibull dissolution time of 59.5 min) than the poorly soluble raw material (169.0 min). The powder exhibited a fine particle fraction of 66.5% and an MMAD of 2.97 µm. The inhalable powder, when tested on A549 and THP-1, did not show cytotoxic effects up to a concentration of 10 µg/mL. Furthermore, the CsA inhalation powder showed efficiency in reducing IL-6 when tested on A549/THP-1 co-culture. A reduction in the replication of SARS-CoV-2 on Vero E6 cells was observed when the CsA powder was tested adopting the post-infection or simultaneous treatment. This formulation could represent a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of lung rejection, but is also a viable approach for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication and the COVID-19 pulmonary inflammatory process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has caused problems for all of world's population, not only in terms of deaths but also in terms of overloading healthcare facilities in all countries. Diagnosis is one of the key aspects of controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and among the current molecular techniques, real-time PCR is considered as the gold standard. The availability of tests that allow for the rapid and accurate identification of SARS-CoV-2 is therefore of considerable importance. Moreover, if these tests allow for even minimal intervention by the operator, any risk of contamination is reduced. In this study, the performances of the new STANDARDTM M10 SARS-CoV-2 (SD Biosensor Inc., Suwon, Korea) rapid molecular test, which incorporates the above-mentioned features, were characterized. The clinical and analytical performances measured by testing different variants circulating in Italy of STANDARDTM M10 SARS-CoV-2 were compared to the test already on the market and recognized as the gold standard: Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The results obtained between the two tests are largely comparable, suggesting that STANDARDTM M10 SARS-CoV-2 can be used with excellent results in the fight against the global spread of SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 alter the infectivity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of new variants of concern (VOCs). In addition, those mutations cause immune escape, undermining the population immunity induced by ongoing mass vaccination programs. There is an urgent need for novel strategies and techniques aimed at the surveillance of the active emergence and spread of the VOCs. The aim of this study was to provide a quick, cheap and straightforward denaturing highperformance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) method for the prompt identification of the SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Two PCRs were designed to target the RBD region, spanning residues N417 through N501 of the Spike protein. Furthermore, a DHPLC screening analysis was set up. The screening consisted of mixing the unknown sample with a standard sample of a known variant, denaturing at high temperature, renaturing at room temperature followed by a 2-minute run using the WAVE DHPLC system to detect the heteroduplexes which invariably form whenever the unknown sample has a nucleotide difference with respect to the standard used. The workflow was able to readily detect all the variants including B.1.1.7, P.1, B.1.585 B.1. 617.2 and lineages at a very affordable cost. The DHPLC analysis was robust being able to identify variants, even in the case of samples with very unbalanced target concentrations including those samples at the limit of detection. This approach has the potential of greatly expediting surveillance of the SARSCoV- 2 variants [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioaerosols (aerosolized particles with biological origin) are strongly suspected to play a significant role in the transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), especially in closed indoor environments. Thus, control technologies capable of effectively inactivating bioaerosols are urgently needed. In this regard, cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) can represent a suitable option, thanks to its ability to produce reactive species, which can exert antimicrobial action. In this study, results; on the total inactivation of SARS‐CoV‐2 contained in bioaerosols treated using CAP generated in air are reported, demonstrating the possible use of CAP systems for the control of SARS‐CoV‐2 diffusion through bioaerosols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]