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The role of obesity as risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been well-recognized. As previously demonstrated in adults, emerging data highlighted the relevant impact of obesity on renal function since childhood. As a matter of fact, obesity also affects renal health through a complex pathogenic mechanism in which insulin resistance (IR) plays a pivotal role. Worthy of note, the vicious interplay among obesity, IR, and renal hemodynamics clinically translates into a plethora of kidney function impairments potentially leading to CKD development. Therefore, renal injury needs to be added to the well-known spectrum of cardiometabolic obesity comorbidities (e.g., type 2 diabetes, IR, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease)., Conclusion: Taking this into account, a careful and timely monitoring of kidney function should not be neglected in the global assessment of children with obesity. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the relevance of kidney evaluation in children with obesity by shedding lights on the intriguing relationship of obesity with renal health in this at-risk population., What Is Known: • Obesity has been found to be a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. • Unlike adults, pediatric data supporting the association between obesity and renal function are still limited., What Is New: • As observed in adults, obesity might affect renal function since childhood. • Kidney function should be carefully evaluated in children with obesity., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Background: Historically, vector control, including entomological monitoring, has been a field dominated by men. Each year, the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) VectorLink project hires 50,000 to 70,000 seasonal workers across the countries in which it works to implement vector control activities, creating an economic opportunity for both men and women. Remaining barriers to women's employment in vector control include social and cultural norms regarding acceptability of formal employment for women, perceptions that women are not fit to serve as spray operators, and a historical context of male-dominated fields such as entomology., Methods: We use PMI VectorLink project data from Madagascar, Rwanda, and Zambia for 2019-2021 and key informant interviews with project staff in these countries to examine levels of female employment, effectiveness and efficiency of female versus male malaria spray operators, and strategies to expand the role of women in vector control., Results: The percentage of female seasonal employees ranges from 25% in Madagascar to 32% in Rwanda and 45% in Zambia. The percentage of women in leadership positions ranges from 32% in Madagascar and Rwanda to 38% in Zambia. Men and women are equally effective and efficient as spray operators. Best practices for recruiting and retaining women in vector control include engaging community leaders in recruitment, implementing affirmative action hiring policies, mentoring women to progress to leadership positions, and ensuring equitable, safe, and attractive workplaces., Discussion: As vector control programs transition away from donor funding and are increasingly government led, sustaining gains in female empowerment is critical. Country programs should work closely with national, regional, district, and local leaders to demonstrate the importance of hiring women in vector control-including leadership positions-and the impact on female economic empowerment, community well-being, and success of vector control programs., (© Shiras et al.)

Rare meson decays are among the most sensitive probes of both heavy and light new physics. Among them, new physics searches using kaons benefit from their small total decay widths and the availability of very large datasets. On the other hand, useful complementary information is provided by hyperon decay measurements. We summarize the relevant phenomenological models and the status of the searches in a comprehensive list of kaon and hyperon decay channels. We identify new search strategies for under-explored signatures, and demonstrate that the improved sensitivities from current and next-generation experiments could lead to a qualitative leap in the exploration of light dark sectors., (© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.)

The usage of disposable face mask to control the spread of COVID-19 disease has led to the alarming generation of a huge amount of plastic waste in a short span of time. On other hand, face masks are made of high-quality thermoplastic polymers that could be recovered and converted into valuable products. The aim of this study is to investigate a complementary approach for the recycling of face mask in lab-scale plants: the mechanical recycling of the filter in polypropylene (PP) and the chemical recycling of the whole face mask. For this purpose, a new designed surgical face mask was chemically and physically characterized. The results shows that the face mask was composed of 92.3 wt% high grade PP (filter), very similar to virgin PP but with a high melt volume index (MVI, 385 cm 3 /10 min) due to its non-woven manufacturing. The PP from face mask was mixed with recycled virgin PP in order to obtain a MVI suitable for the extrusion process and recycled as filament for 3D printing. This filament was used to print a specimen with a very similar visual quality of that printed with a commercial PP filament. Simultaneously, the whole face mask underwent a pyrolysis process to produce new feedstocks or fuels. Low-cost catalysts derived from coal fly ash (CFA) were employed to enhance the production of light hydrocarbons. In particular, the synthetized acid X zeolite (HX/CFA) improved the yield of light fractions up to 91 wt% (79 wt% for thermal pyrolysis) and the quality of the light oil with the 85% of C 6 -C 10 (55% for thermal pyrolysis). Furthermore, HX/CFA decreased the degradation temperature of PP to 384 °C versus 458 °C of thermal cracking., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To assess the preclinical efficacy, clinical safety and efficacy, and MTD of palbociclib plus nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)., Experimental Design: Preclinical activity was tested in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of PDAC. In the open-label, phase I clinical study, the dose-escalation cohort received oral palbociclib initially at 75 mg/day (range, 50‒125 mg/day; modified 3+3 design; 3/1 schedule); intravenous nab-paclitaxel was administered weekly for 3 weeks/28-day cycle at 100‒125 mg/m 2 . The modified dose-regimen cohorts received palbociclib 75 mg/day (3/1 schedule or continuously) plus nab-paclitaxel (biweekly 125 or 100 mg/m 2 , respectively). The prespecified efficacy threshold was 12-month survival probability of ≥65% at the MTD., Results: Palbociclib plus nab-paclitaxel was more effective than gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in three of four PDX models tested; the combination was not inferior to paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. In the clinical trial, 76 patients (80% received prior treatment for advanced disease) were enrolled. Four dose-limiting toxicities were observed [mucositis ( n = 1), neutropenia ( n = 2), febrile neutropenia ( n = 1)]. The MTD was palbociclib 100 mg for 21 of every 28 days and nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m 2 weekly for 3 weeks in a 28-day cycle. Among all patients, the most common all-causality any-grade adverse events were neutropenia (76.3%), asthenia/fatigue (52.6%), nausea (42.1%), and anemia (40.8%). At the MTD ( n = 27), the 12-month survival probability was 50% (95% confidence interval, 29.9-67.2)., Conclusions: This study showed the tolerability and antitumor activity of palbociclib plus nab-paclitaxel treatment in patients with PDAC; however, the prespecified efficacy threshold was not met., Trial Registration: Pfizer Inc (NCT02501902)., Significance: In this article, the combination of palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, and nab-paclitaxel in advanced pancreatic cancer evaluates an important drug combination using translational science. In addition, the work presented combines preclinical and clinical data along with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments to find alternative treatments for this patient population., Competing Interests: M. Hidalgo reports grants from Pfizer during the conduct of the study; personal fees and other from BMS, InxMed, Champions; personal fees from MinKi, Velavigo, Oncomatrix; other from Nelum outside the submitted work; and M. Hidalgo is an independant director in BMS. R. Garcia-Carbonero reports personal fees from AAA, Advanz Pharma, Amgen, Bayer, BMS, HMP, Ipsen, Merck, Midatech, MSD, Novartis, Pharma Mar, Pierre Fabre, Servier and grants from BMS, MSD, Pfizer outside the submitted work. W.A. Messersmith reports other from Pfizer during the conduct of the study. I. Garrido-Laguna reports personal fees from SOTIO, Kanaph, Jazz, OncXer; grants from Novartis (to institution), Bayer (to institution), Bristol Myers-Squibb (to institution), Pfizer (to institution), MedImmune (to institution), Lilly (to institution), Incyte (to institution), GlaxoSmithKline (to institution), Tolero Pharmaceuticals (to institution), BridgeBio Pharma (to institution), Jacobio (to institution), Repare Therapeutics (to institution), and Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology (to institution) outside the submitted work. E. Borazanci reports other from Pfizer during the conduct of the study; other from BMS, Minneamrita Therapeutics, Merck, Helix Biopharma, and Biontech outside the submitted work; and reports consultancy with Vivacitus (self), TD2 (self), and Nanology (self). M. Malumbres reports grants and personal fees from Pfizer and grants from Eli Lilly outside the submitted work. D.J. Shields is an employee of Pfizer Inc. and holds shares in the company. J.E. Grossman reports other from Agenus outside the submitted work. X. Huang reports personal fees from Pfizer, Inc outside the submitted work. J.-F. Martini reports personal fees from Pfizer Inc and other from Pfizer Inc outside the submitted work. Y. Yu reports other from Pfizer Inc. outside the submitted work. K. Kern reports other from Pfizer Inc outside the submitted work. T. Macarulla reports personal fees from Ability Pharmaceuticals SL, Amgen, Aptitude Health, Basilea Pharma, Baxter, BioLineRX Ltd, Celgene, Eisai, Ellipses, Genzyme, Hirslanden/GITZ, Imedex, Ipsen Bioscience, Inc, Janssen, Lilly, Marketing Farmacéutico & Investigación Clínica, S.L, MDS, Medscape, Novocure, Paraxel, PPD Development, Polaris, QED Therapeutics, Roche Farma, Scilink Comunicación Científica SC, Surface Oncology, and Zymeworks; personal fees and other from AstraZeneca, Incyte, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier outside the submitted work. No disclosures were reported by the other authors., (© 2022 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.)