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3. Geospatial Transmission Hotspots of Recent HIV Infection--Malawi, October 2019-March 2020

Author

Telford, Carson T., Tessema, Zaena, Msukwa, Malango, Arons, Melissa M., Theu, Joe, Bangara, Fred Fredrick, Ernst, Alexandra, Welty, Susie, O'Malley, Gabrielle, Dobbs, Trudy, Shanmugam, Vedapuri, Kabaghe, Alinune, Dale, Helen, Wadonda- Kabondo, Nellie, Gugsa, Salem, Kim, Andrea, Bello, George, Eaton, Jeffrey W., Jahn, Andreas, Nyirenda, Rose, Parekh, Bharat S., Shiraishi, Ray W., Kim, Evelyn, Tobias, James L., Curran, Kathryn G., Payne, Danielle, and Auld, Andrew F.

Subjects
Care and treatment, Health aspects, HIV infections -- Care and treatment, Disease transmission -- Care and treatment, HIV tests -- Health aspects, HIV -- Care and treatment, HIV (Viruses) -- Care and treatment, HIV testing -- Health aspects, HIV infection -- Care and treatment
Abstract

Persons infected with HIV are more likely to transmit the virus during the early stages (acute and recent) of infection, when viral load is elevated and opportunities to implement risk [...]

Published
2022

4. Characterising persons diagnosed with HIV as either recent or long-term using a cross-sectional analysis of recent infection surveillance data collected in Malawi from September 2019 to March 2020

Author

Msukwa, Malango T, primary, MacLachlan, Ellen W, additional, Gugsa, Salem T, additional, Theu, Joe, additional, Namakhoma, Ireen, additional, Bangara, Fred, additional, Blair, Christopher L, additional, Payne, Danielle, additional, Curran, Kathryn G, additional, Arons, Melissa, additional, Namachapa, Khumbo, additional, Wadonda, Nellie, additional, Kabaghe, Alinune N, additional, Dobbs, Trudy, additional, Shanmugam, Vedapuri, additional, Kim, Evelyn, additional, Auld, Andrew, additional, Babaye, Yusuf, additional, O'Malley, Gabrielle, additional, Nyirenda, Rose, additional, and Bello, George, additional

Published
2022
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5. HIV Recent Infection and Past HIV Testing History Among Newly HIV-Diagnosed 15–24-Year-Olds in Malawi: An Analysis of 2019–2022 HIV Recent Infection Surveillance Data.

Author

Kabaghe, Alinune N., Stephens, Reno, Payne, Danielle, Theu, Joe, Luhanga, Misheck, Chalira, Davie, Arons, Melissa M., O'Malley, Gabrielle, Thomson, Kerry A., Nyangulu, Mtemwa, Nyirenda, Rose, Patel, Pragna, and Wadonda-Kabondo, Nellie

Subjects
HIV infection epidemiology, DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections, HIV prevention, PUBLIC health surveillance, HIV-positive persons, AIDS education, MEDICAL screening, HEALTH status indicators, SEX distribution, HEALTH literacy, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, INFECTIOUS disease transmission, ADULTS, ADOLESCENCE
Abstract

Awareness of HIV status in Malawi is 88.3% and lowest among 15–24-year-olds (76.2%). There is a need to understand HIV testing history and transmission in this age group. We analyzed pooled HIV surveillance data to describe testing history and HIV recent infection among 8,389 HIV-positive 15–24-year-olds from 251 sites in Malawi between 2019 and 2022. Most HIV-positive 15–24-year-olds were female; aged 23–24 years; rural residents; and diagnosed at voluntary counseling and testing. No prior HIV testing was reported in 43.5% and 32.9% of 15–19-year-olds and males, respectively. Overall, 4.9% of HIV-positive diagnoses were classified as recent HIV infections, with the highest proportions among breastfeeding women (8.2%); persons tested at sexually transmitted infection clinics (9.0%); persons with a prior negative test within 6 months (13.0%); and 17–18-year-olds (7.3%). Tailored and innovative HIV prevention and testing strategies for young adolescents, young males, and pregnant and breastfeeding women are needed for HIV epidemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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8. SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence in Malawi Based on Data from Survey of Communities and Health Workers in 5 High-Burden Districts, October 2020.

Author

Theu JA, Kabaghe AN, Bello G, Chitsa-Banda E, Kagoli M, Auld A, Mkungudza J, O'Malley G, Bangara FF, Peacocke EF, Babaye Y, Ng'ambi W, Saussier C, MacLachlan E, Chapotera G, Phiri MD, Kim E, Chiwaula M, Payne D, Wadonda-Kabondo N, Chauma-Mwale A, and Divala TH

Subjects
Humans, Young Adult, Adult, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Health Personnel, Prevalence, Antibodies, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 epidemiology
Abstract

To determine early COVID-19 burden in Malawi, we conducted a multistage cluster survey in 5 districts. During October-December 2020, we recruited 5,010 community members (median age 32 years, interquartile range 21-43 years) and 1,021 health facility staff (HFS) (median age 35 years, interquartile range 28-43 years). Real-time PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence was 0.3% (95% CI 0.2%-0.5%) among community and 0.5% (95% CI 0.1%-1.2%) among HFS participants; seroprevalence was 7.8% (95% CI 6.3%-9.6%) among community and 9.7% (95% CI 6.4%-14.5%) among HFS participants. Most seropositive community (84.7%) and HFS (76.0%) participants were asymptomatic. Seroprevalence was higher among urban community (12.6% vs. 3.1%) and HFS (14.5% vs. 7.4%) than among rural community participants. Cumulative infection findings 113-fold higher from this survey than national statistics (486,771 vs. 4,319) and predominantly asymptomatic infections highlight a need to identify alternative surveillance approaches and predictors of severe disease to inform national response.

Published
2022
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