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Commemorative tattoos are images etched into the skin to mark a passage in life or to honour someone living. This review aimed to identify all studies of memorial tattoos, to acquire a better understanding of the literature. In recent years, memorial tattoos have become increasingly common expressions of grief; It is important to identify the function they serve in the grieving process of individuals. A systematic review of literature was undertaken following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An iterative process was used to identify literature, conceptually map, and recognise gaps for future inquiry. Fifteen databases were searched, and a hand search of journals was conducted. Articles were eligible for inclusion if 1) studies focused on memorial tattoos, and 2) were of primary data. A final sample of 11 research articles were included in the systematic review. Ten studies were qualitative, one used a mixed-methods design and all indicated that memorial tattoos are utilised as a therapeutic tool in the grieving process. Memorial tattoos are a sub-set of commemorative tattoos which offer something unique to individuals. Those who have been inked with a memorial tattoo offer an enlightening and unique perspective on the grieving process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate how memorial tattoos impact upon the grieving process of individuals who wear them. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on a 1:1 basis with six diverse individuals and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings suggest that memorial tattoos play a beneficial role within the grieving process and that they serve as a positive therapeutic tool. We found that memorial tattoos have five fundamental features: (1) Permanence, (2) A tool for managing grief, (3) Communicative tool, (4) Continuing bonds, (5) Transformation of self. As a result of our findings we recommend that a more flexible approach to the management of grief should be offered to bereaved individuals. We further propose that this study serves as a catalyst for the positive role memorial tattoos play in the grieving process and recommend further qualitative research to broaden our understandings of this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]