36 results on '"Toma de decisiones clínicas"'
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2. Efecto de un curso sobre medicina basada en la evidencia: análisis exploratorio
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Lorena Mesa-Melgarejo and Carol Zarate-Ardila
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medicina basada en la evidencia ,capacitación profesional ,toma de decisiones clínicas ,desarrollo de personal ,evaluación de resultado en la atención de salud ,evidence-based medicine ,professional training ,clinical decision-making ,staff development ,outcome assessment health care ,medicina baseada em evidências ,capacitação profissional ,tomada de decisão clínica ,desenvolvimento de pessoal ,avaliação de resultados em cuidados de saúde ,Medicine - Abstract
RESUMEN Introducción. Tomar decisiones clínicas basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible es una buena práctica que favorece los resultados en salud. Su uso ha sido promovido por diferentes organismos; sin embargo, aún existen algunas barreras entre profesionales de la salud para su apropiación. El objetivo fue el análisis exploratorio del efecto de un curso sobre los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes frente a la Medicina Basada en la Evidencia (MBE) en profesionales de la salud que ejercen en Bogotá, Colombia. Metodología. Estudio exploratorio que incluyó un componente cuantitativo y uno cualitativo de carácter descriptivo. El estudio se desarrolló entre agosto de 2022 y abril de 2023. Para el componente cuantitativo se construyó un cuestionario tipo test, compuesto por 38 preguntas, aplicado antes y después del curso. Respecto de lo cualitativo, se realizaron en total 6 entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes, estudiantes y uno de los gestores del proyecto. Resultados. Los resultados cuantitativos permitieron identificar cambios relacionados con la toma de decisiones clínicas, una mejora en el conocimiento y aplicación de herramientas para la evaluación de la calidad de estudios para resolver preguntas clínicas. El componente cualitativo permitió identificar dos temáticas centrales: pedagogía de la toma de decisiones y los aspectos que posibilitan o no la implementación de estas herramientas para tomar decisiones clínicas. Discusión. Los resultados sobre los efectos del curso son similares a los reportados por otros estudios en contextos diferentes al colombiano. Se requiere investigación que a mediano y largo plazo mida el impacto de la formación en el cambio de práctica. Conclusión. El curso sugiere tener efectos en los conocimientos y habilidades para mejorar la búsqueda y evaluación de la evidencia, así como para la formulación de preguntas clínicas, la comprensión de la certeza de la evidencia y mejorar la actitud hacia el uso de la evidencia para fundamentar la toma de decisiones en la clínica. Palabras clave: Medicina Basada en la Evidencia; Capacitación Profesional; Toma de Decisiones Clínicas; Desarrollo de Personal; Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud. ABSTRACT Introduction. Making clinical decisions based on the best available evidence is a good practice that favors health outcomes. Different organizations have promoted its use; however, there are still some barriers to its appropriation among health professionals. The objective was the exploratory analysis of the effect of a course on knowledge, skills, and attitudes towards Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) in health professionals practicing in Bogotá, Colombia. Methodology. Exploratory study that included quantitative and qualitative components with a descriptive approach. The study was conducted between August 2022 and April 2023. For the quantitative component, a questionnaire was developed with 38 questions, applied before and after the course. In the qualitative component, 6 semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers, students, and a Project manager. Results. The quantitative results showed changes in clinical decision-making and the improvement in the knowledge and application of study quality assessment tools to resolve clinical issues. The qualitative component identified two main themes: pedagogy in decision-making and the aspects that either allow or do not allow the implementation of these tools for clinical decision-making. Discussion. The results on the effects of the course are similar to those reported by other studies in contexts other than Colombia. Research is needed in the medium and long term to measure the impact of the training on practice change. Conclusion. The course suggests effects on knowledge and skills related to searching for and evaluating evidence, formulating clinical questions, understanding the certainty of evidence, and improving attitudes toward the use of evidence to inform clinical decision-making. Keywords: Evidence-Based Medicine; Professional Training; Clinical Decision-Making; Staff Development; Outcome Assessment, Health Care RESUMO Introdução. Tomar decisões clínicas baseadas nas melhores evidências disponíveis é uma boa prática que favorece os resultados em saúde. A sua utilização tem sido promovida por diferentes instâncias, contudo, ainda existem algumas barreiras entre os profissionais de saúde para a sua apropriação. O objetivo foi a análise exploratória do efeito de um curso sobre conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes em relação à Medicina Baseada em Evidências (MBE) em profissionais de saúde que atuam em Bogotá, Colômbia. Metodologia. Estudo exploratório que incluiu uma componente quantitativa e uma componente qualitativa descritiva. O estudo foi realizado entre agosto de 2022 e abril de 2023. Para a componente quantitativa foi criado um questionário do tipo teste, composto por 38 questões, aplicado antes e após o curso. Quanto aos aspectos qualitativos, foram realizadas um total de 6 entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores, alunos e um dos gestores do projeto. Resultados. Os resultados quantitativos permitiram identificar mudanças relacionadas à tomada de decisão clínica, melhoria no conhecimento e aplicação de ferramentas de avaliação da qualidade dos estudos para resolução de questões clínicas. A componente qualitativa permitiu identificar dois temas centrais: a pedagogía da tomada de decisão e os aspectos que possibilitam ou não a implementação destas ferramentas para a tomada de decisões clínicas. Discussão. Os resultados sobre os efeitos do curso são semelhantes aos relatados por otros estudos noutros contextos que não a Colômbia. É necessária investigação a médio e longo prazo para medir o impacto da formação na mudança de práticas. Conclusão. O curso sugere ter efeitos sobre conhecimentos e competências para melhorar a procura e avaliação de evidências, bem como para formular questões clínicas, compreender a certeza das evidências e melhorar a atitude em relação ao uso de evidências para fundamentar a tomada de decisões na clínica. Palavras-chave: Medicina Baseada em Evidências; Capacitação Profissional; Tomada de Decisão Clínica; Desenvolvimento de Pessoal; Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde
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- 2023
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3. Futility analysis of treatment prolongation in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease from medical perception
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Denisse Isabel Suaste-Pazmiño, Galo Antonio Sánchez-del Hierro, and Pedro Christian País-Cadeno
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futilidad médica ,autonomía profesional ,autonomía personal ,toma de decisiones clínicas ,ética basada en principios ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: chronic kidney disease is a pathology that reduces the expectancy and quality of life of patients. Doctors are primarily responsible for preserving the patient's life and are responsible for shared decision making. Objective: to analyze the perception of medical personnel regarding the prolongation of renal replacement treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease in the terminal phase in the dialysis unit at the General Teaching Hospital of Ambato, Ecuador. Method: a qualitative research was carried out, with a semi-structured interview that consisted of questions guided by the theory-hypothesis of the topic. The study sample was made up of doctors from the Dialysis Unit, responsible for the clinical management of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis treatment. The protocol was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, with approval code CEI-88-2020. Results: the thematic analysis showed that doctors need to comprehensively ethically and clinically evaluate the patient before maintaining or terminating hemodialysis; The level of knowledge and ethical-clinical skills influence decision making. Furthermore, the application of Beauchamp and Childress' bioethical principles to decision making is vague, morbidly confusing, and therefore irrelevant to this type of decision. Conclusions: doctors perceive the need to comprehensively evaluate the patient, taking into account not only the physical but also the psychological, social and economic condition of the patient. They consider it unnecessary to maintain hemodialysis treatment in a patient with a deteriorated quality of life, with reduced autonomy and whose prolonged treatment could cause more pain than benefit.
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- 2023
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4. Reproducibilidad clínica de reacciones de hipersensibilidad a fármacos en pruebas de exposición controlada.
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Palacios Cañas, Alberto, Meneses-Sotomayor, Jaime Vinicio, Clar-Castelló, Míriam, Gómez-Torrijos, Elisa, Borja-Segade, Jesus María, and García-Rodríguez, Rosa
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Objective: To assess the reproducibility of symptoms in drug challenge tests. Methods: The study included patients with positive cutaneous or challenge test throughout 2019. For each patient, clinical suspicion according to Karch-Lasagna algorithm was registered. Primary outcome was the reproducibility of symptoms in the provocation tests using a paired analysis of data with McNemar test. Results: Eighty-nine patients were included, 16 of them presented more than one positive test. Thirty were skin tests positive and 75 reacted to provocation tests. Eighty nine percent of patients who reacted in challenge test were probably or possibly reactors according to Karch-Lasagna scale. Symptoms of initial reaction did not differ from those triggered in challenge tests. Conclusions: Karch-Lasagna scale is useful in predicting the response to drug provocation tests. In most of the positive studies, results were suggested by clinical history and no differences were found between symptoms triggered in challenge test and that referred to in the previous reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Estrategia didáctica para la habilidad toma de decisiones en la formación del especialista en Pediatría
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Lourdes Pérez Toledo, Adrián Abreus González, Dunia María Chávez Amaro, and Rolando Caballero Pérez
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toma de decisiones clínicas ,competencia clínica ,medicina ,pediatría ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Fundamento: la toma de decisiones como habilidad profesional en la formación del especialista en Pediatría es un aspecto que requiere atención desde el punto de vista didáctico.Objetivo: presentar una estrategia didáctica para la toma de decisiones como habilidad profesional en la formación del especialista en Pediatría, así como un acercamiento a su implementación.Métodos: se utilizaron métodos y técnicas de investigación cualitativa como la observación y el grupo de discusión mediante talleres para describir los resultados que se presentan en el artículo.Resultados: se ofrecen acciones metodológicas llevadas a cabo mediante la ejecución de un taller de socialización, el registro de actividades prácticas con profesores/tutores y residentes en diferentes escenarios docente-asistenciales. Se muestran los resultados de la implementación de las acciones de la estrategia didáctica, así como las premisas y etapas que se determinaron durante su proceso de construcción. Se describen las principales regularidades.Conclusiones: la estrategia didáctica propuesta, y su carácter flexible, permiten su articulación durante los tres años de residencia de Pediatría, en beneficio de la toma de decisiones como habilidad profesional y asumiendo el principio de educación en el trabajo como la principal forma de enseñanza del especialista en formación.
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- 2022
6. Validación clínica de la propuesta diagnóstica de enfermería de sed perioperatoria
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Leonel Alves do Nascimento, Marilia Ferrari Conchon, Aline Korki Arrabal Garcia, Marcos Venícios de Oliveira Lopes, and Lígia Fahl Fonseca
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Sed ,Enfermería Perioperatoria ,Toma de Decisiones Clínicas ,Investigación Metodológica en Enfermería ,Diagnóstico de Enfermería ,Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
Objetivo: verificar la validez clínica de la proposición de un nuevo diagnóstico de enfermería denominado sed perioperatoria, basado en la precisión diagnóstica de sus indicadores clínicos, incluyendo la magnitud del efecto de sus factores etiológicos. Método: estudio de validación clínica diagnóstica con 150 pacientes quirúrgicos en un hospital universitario. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas e indicadores clínicos relacionados con la sed. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de clases latentes. Resultados: se propusieron dos modelos de clases latentes para las características definitorias. El modelo ajustado en el preoperatorio incluía: labios resecos, saliva espesa, lengua espesa, ganas de beber agua, informe del cuidador, garganta seca y deglución constante de saliva. En el postoperatorio: sequedad de garganta, saliva espesa, lengua espesa, constante deglución de saliva, ganas de beber agua, mal gusto en la boca. Los factores relacionados “temperatura ambiente elevada” y “sequedad de boca” se asocian a la presencia de sed, así como las condiciones asociadas “uso de anticolinérgicos” e “intubación”. La prevalencia de sed fue del 62,6% en el preoperatorio y del 50,2% en el postoperatorio inmediato. Conclusión: la proposición diagnóstica de la sed perioperatoria mostró buenos parámetros de precisión de sus indicadores clínicos y efectos etiológicos. Esta propuesta en una taxonomía de enfermería permitirá una mayor visibilidad, apreciación y tratamiento de este síntoma.
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- 2023
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7. Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis.
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GÓMEZ-JORDÁN, SANTIAGO and NÚÑEZ-RAMOS, JOSÉ ATILIO
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Copyright of Acta Medica Colombiana is the property of Acta Medica Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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8. Desarrollo de una plataforma virtual para el entrenamiento de razonamiento clínico en estudiantes de fonoaudiología
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Manuel Nibaldo Del Campo Rivas and Angélica Pilar Silva-Ríos
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Fonoaudiología ,toma de decisiones clínicas ,gestión de ciencia ,tecnología e innovación en salud ,difusión de innovaciones ,ciencias de la salud ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Objetivo. Desarrollar una plataforma virtual de aprendizaje (PVA) para el entrenamiento de razonamiento clínico en estudiantes de fonoaudiología. Método. Investigación aplicada en base al desarrollo de software; se utilizó lenguaje de programación PHP en su versión 7.3.26, gráficas y transiciones en framework Laravel 8 y Vue 2 con Vuetify. El manejo de base de datos se ejecutó en MySql 5.5. Resultados. Se creó una PVA para el almacenamiento y uso de guiones clínicos basados en la teoría de concordancia de guiones (scripts). La operatividad de la plataforma contempló tres perfiles diferenciados para docentes, estudiantes y gestores. Los estudiantes accedieron a un corpus aleatorio de guiones clínicos previamente validados. El profesor contó con acceso a las estadísticas de usabilidad y notas de los estudiantes y el gestor pudo cargar nuevos guiones, revisar estadísticas, resolver dificultades de soporte y asignar roles. Conclusiones. La PVA desarrollada ofrece un soporte informático para la metodología de entrenamiento del RC scripts en fonoaudiología. Los procesos de innovación educativa diversifican las estrategias de aprendizaje y promueven el desarrollo de competencias relevantes para la toma de decisiones clínicas en los ámbitos de diagnóstico, estudio e intervención.
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- 2023
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9. Physician perceptions and knowledge about limiting life support.
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Melo Barros, Bárbara Fernanda, Pereira Pasklan, Amanda Namíbia, Fiterman Rodrigues, Natasha, Bacelar Barros, Julia, Rodrigues da Motta, Vanise Barros, and Fiterman Lima, Sara
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INTENSIVE care units ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,PHYSICIANS ,CULTURE conflict ,AGE groups - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Bioetica is the property of Conselho Federal de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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10. Desarrollo de una plataforma virtual para el entrenamiento de razonamiento clínico en estudiantes de fonoaudiología.
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Del Campo Rivas, Manuel Nibaldo and Silva-Ríos, Angélica Pilar
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MEDICAL logic ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,STUDENTS ,ONLINE education ,DATA analysis software ,SPEECH therapy - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud (RIICS) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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11. Estrategia didáctica para la habilidad toma de decisiones en la formación del especialista en Pediatría.
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Pérez Toledo, Lourdes, Abreus González, Adrián, Chávez Amaro, Dunia María, and Caballero Pérez, Rolando
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Background: decision-making as a professional skill in the training of the Pediatrics specialist is an aspect that requires attention from the didactic point of view. Objective: to present a didactic strategy for decision making as a professional skill in the Pediatrics specialist training, as well as an approach to its implementation. Methods: Qualitative research methods and techniques such as observation and group discussion through workshops were used to describe the results presented in the article. Results: methodological actions carried out through the execution of a socialization workshop, the record of practical activities with teachers/tutors and residents in different teaching-assistance scenarios are offered. The results of the implementation of the actions of the didactic strategy are shown, as well as the premises and stages that were determined during its construction process. The main regularities are described. Conclusions: the proposed didactic strategy, and its flexible nature, allow its articulation during the three years of Pediatrics residency, to the benefit of decision-making as a professional skill and assuming the principle of education at work as the main way of teaching the pediatrician training specialist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
12. Optimizando el abordaje de la vía aérea: estrategias y consideraciones actuales en medicina
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Pérez Piedra, María José, Alvarado, Natalia del Carmen, Enríquez Barrantes, Melani, Pérez Piedra, María José, Alvarado, Natalia del Carmen, and Enríquez Barrantes, Melani
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Addressing the airway in the field of medicine constitutes an essential and complex component, which involves detailed understanding of anatomy and physiology, as well as ethical and legal aspects. From the intricate structure of the airways to the physiological functions related to breathing and oxygenation, this approach is built on a solid anatomical and physiological foundation. Airway care does not follow a uniform approach, but rather requires adaptability and specialization in various situations. Pediatric care, the peculiarities of patients with obesity, and the necessary responses in emergency situations require specific strategies and specialized knowledge. In this context, the intersection between ethics and legality becomes salient. Respect for patient autonomy, obtaining informed consent and adherence to ethical and legal standards are fundamental pillars that define the integrity and responsibility of the health professional, El abordaje de la vía aérea en el campo de la medicina constituye un componente esencial y complejo, el cual involucra la comprensión detallada de la anatomía y fisiología, además de aspectos éticos y legales. Desde la estructura intricada de las vías respiratorias hasta las funciones fisiológicas relacionadas con la respiración y oxigenación, este abordaje se fundamenta en una base anatómica y fisiológica sólida. La atención a la vía aérea no sigue un enfoque uniforme, sino que demanda adaptabilidad y especialización en diversas situaciones. La atención pediátrica, las peculiaridades en pacientes con obesidad, y las respuestas necesarias en situaciones de emergencia requieren estrategias específicas y un conocimiento especializado. En este contexto, la intersección entre ética y legalidad se vuelve destacada. El respeto a la autonomía del paciente, la obtención del consentimiento informado y la adhesión a estándares éticos y legales son pilares fundamentales que definen la integridad y responsabilidad del profesional de la salud
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- 2024
13. Transición en la concepción de la viabilidad de prematuros extremos: análisis sociodiscursivo
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Centro Español de Documentación e Investigación sobre Discapacidad (CEDID), García Selgas, Fernando, Gómez Esteban, Concepción, Sáenz-Rico De Santiago, María Belén, Centro Español de Documentación e Investigación sobre Discapacidad (CEDID), García Selgas, Fernando, Gómez Esteban, Concepción, and Sáenz-Rico De Santiago, María Belén
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Referencias bibliográficas: • Aguayo, J. et al. (2011): El final de la vida en la infancia y la adolescencia: aspectos éticos y jurídicos en la atención sanitaria (en línea). , acceso 6 de mayo de 2016. • Alonso, E. et al. (2012): “Mortalidad infantil en un hospital de nivel terciario. Limitación de esfuerzo terapéutico, correspondencia clínico-patológica y precisión diagnóstica”. Anales de Pediatría, 76 (6): 343-349. • Amy, L. et al.(2010): “Biological and Environmental Predictors of Behavioral Sequelae in Children Born Preterm”. Pediatrics, 125 (1): 83-89. • Balaguer, A. et al. (2012): “The model of palliative care in the perinatal setting: a review of the literature”. BMC Pediatrics, 12: 25. • Cabero, L. (2009): “Declaración de la Comisión de Bioética de la Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia sobre la interrupción del embarazo”. Progresos de Obstetricia y Ginecología, 52 (1): 67-8. • Caserío, S. (2014): Decisiones en torno a la LET en la Unidad Neonatal (en línea). , acceso 9 de abril de 2015. • Cole, T.J. et al. (2010): “The PREM score: a graphical tool for predicting survival in very preterm births”. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal, 95: 14-19. • Foucault, M. (1976): Historia de la sexualidad I. La voluntad del saber, Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI. • Gálvez, A. (2006): Muerte alrededor del nacimiento. Creencias, sentimientos y vivencias. Una perspectiva de los profesionales de los cuidados (Tesis doctoral). Universidad de Alicante. • García P. et al. (2013): “Evolución a los 2 años de edad corregida de una cohorte de recién nacidos con peso inferior o igual a 1.500 g de los hospitales pertenecientes a la red neonatal SEN1500”. Anales de Pediatría, 79: 279-287. • García-Muñoz, F. et al. (2014): “Morbimortalidad en recién nacidos al límite de la viabilidad en España: estudio de base poblacional”. Anales de Pediatría, 80 (6): 348-356. • Gladys, E. et al. (2004): “El prematuro en cuidado intensivo neonatal. ¿Cuándo es el momento de decir no más? Reflexión bioétic, El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar cómo en nuestro país se está transitando hacia una nueva concepción de la viabilidad de la prematuridad extrema (recién nacidos con menos de 28 semanas de gestación), caracterizarla y contextualizarla. Para ello, se utilizan datos procedentes de una investigación (P.N. I+D+i, CSO2011-24294) que ha obtenido resultados válidos sobre el desarrollo de 1.200 nacidos con 1.500 gramos o menos al nacer. mediante encuesta poblacional multimétodo, y producido cuatro grupos de discusión y 25 entrevistas abiertas con agentes cualificados. Se recogen aquí los resultados del análisis sociodiscursivo del material cualitativo centrado en esta cuestión y del estudio de diversos documentos sobre viabilidad en la prematuridad extrema. En cuanto a los resultados, en España se viene transitando de manera más práctica que consciente desde una concepción reduccionista de la prematuridad extrema, ligada al normativismo de la bioética y al aislamiento del recién nacido, a una mirada más ensamblada, compleja y heterogénea, acorde con la vigente renovación de la cultura, la práctica y la política biosanitaria en nuestro país., The aim of this paper is to show that in Spain there is a shift to a new notion of viability of extreme prematurity (babies born with less than 28 weeks of gestation) as well as its features and contexts.The results from a national research project (P.N. I+D+i CSO2011-24294,) that implemented a survey on 1200 newborn with ≤1500 g., as well as four discussion groups and 25 in-depth interviews with involved agents. This paper summarizes the main results of the socio discursive analysis of the qualitative material as well as analysis of several documents on the viability of extreme prematurity.With regards to the results there seems to be an ongoing transition, more practical than conscious, from a reductionist notion of extreme prematurity viability, linked to a bioethical normative thinking and the newborn isolation, to a more assembled, complex and heterogeneous point of view. The transition is lead by a practical rather than a conscious approach.This new notion of viability is an integral part of the ongoing renewal in the bio-sanitary culture, practice and politics in Spain., Depto. de Estudios Educativos, Fac. de Educación, TRUE, pub
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- 2024
14. Aplicabilidad de modelos predictivos de falla renal en enfermedad renal crónica: una revisión de alcance.
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Giraldo Castrillón, Yessica, Arango, Catalina, Federico Molina, Carlos, and Segura, Ángela
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Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
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15. Efficacy of early use of remdesivir: a systematic review of subgroup analysis.
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Gil-Sierra, Manuel David, Briceño-Casado, Maria del Pilar, Alegre-Del Rey, Emilio Jesús, and Sánchez-Hidalgo, Marina
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CORONAVIRUS disease treatment ,EARLY medical intervention ,CORONAVIRUS diseases ,MEDICAL care ,CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
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16. Analysis of the "Diagnostic Reasoning" Concept in Nursing.
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Oliveira da Silva, Bárbara Coeli, Delgado, Millena Freire, de Albuquerque Nascimento, Rafaela Cavalcanti, de Carvalho Lira, Ana Luisa Brandão, Feijão, Alexsandra Rodrigues, and Enders, Bertha Cruz
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NURSING interventions , *MEDICAL logic , *OPERATIONAL definitions , *JUDGMENT (Psychology) , *NURSING diagnosis , *NURSES , *INFORMATION processing - Abstract
Objective: To develop an operational definition of the "diagnostic reasoning" concept in nursing. Materials and methods: This concept analysis is based on Walker and Avant's model. All the referential steps were followed: concept selection, determining the objectives and proposals for concept analysis, identifying the possible uses of the concept, determining the defining attributes, identifying a model case, identifying the contrary case, and identifying the precedents and consequences of the concept. Results: A sample of 20 studies was selected, identifying the following attributes: specialized thinking, cognitive skills, existing knowledge, intellectual competence; hypothesis-oriented reasoning; precedents: clinical assessment, practical experience, data interpretations, intuition, diagnostic judgment, information processing, clinical reasoning; consequences: improvement of nursing care, communication, planning interventions, addressing the identified problem, achieving effective results, autonomous actions, and quality of patient records. Conclusions: The study contributes to understanding the operational definition of the diagnostic reasoning concept in nursing by identifying the core attributes, precedents, and consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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17. DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL THINKING IN NURSING STUDENTS.
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do Céu Mendes Pinto Marques, Maria, José Lopes, Manuel, Domingues Cabral Magalhães, Maria Dulce, and Mota Sousa, Luís Manuel
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SCIENTIFIC observation , *PROFESSIONS , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *CRITICAL thinking , *UNDERGRADUATES , *NURSING education , *QUALITATIVE research , *COMPARATIVE studies , *ABILITY , *TRAINING , *PROFESSIONAL competence , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DECISION making , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *NURSING students , *CURRICULUM planning , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *DECISION making in clinical medicine , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Objective: To analyse the critical thinking developed by students participating in a curricular component of undergraduate nursing programmes. Method: Qualitative, observational and comparative study before and after the intervention. A sociodemographic questionnaire and text stimulus were applied in two phases. The sample consisted of 48 students enrolled in the Critical Thinking In Nursing course. Results: In the first phase, the students recognized critical thinking as important in decision-making, in the development of skills and in the process of educating them to think. In the second phase, the comments indicated an active role of the school, and the knowledge of students improved in the formative context. Final considerations: In the critical thinking developed by the students who participated in the curricular component of the nursing programme, a significant change was found in the lexicon in both phases, and critical thinking skills were developed, in particular interpretation, argumentation, analysis, and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. The importance of logical thinking for clinical nursing care.
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da Silva Negreiro, Francisca Diana, Rebouças Moreira, Tatiana, Magalhães Moreira, Thereza Maria, Sales da Silva, Lucilane Maria, de Freitas, Maria Célia, and Cavalcante Guedes, Maria Vilani
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NURSING ,PROFESSIONAL employee training ,COGNITION ,CRITICAL thinking ,NURSING practice ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,MEDICAL logic - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
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19. Conformity: the hidden actor in surgical decisions.
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Sanabria A, Betancourt C, and Domínguez LC
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- Humans, Communication, Decision Making, General Surgery education, Surgical Procedures, Operative methods, Surgical Procedures, Operative standards, Clinical Decision-Making methods
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Conformity in decision making has a relevant impact in surgical environments. This manuscript reveals how group-based opinions can distort the surgeon's individual judgment, even in critical situations. Two key phenomena are analysed: communication cascades and group polarisation, which amplify conformity and lead to extreme and sometimes harmful decisions. It is important to highlight the importance of evidence-based education, critical thinking, and diversification of information sources to counteract the negative effects of conformity. Self-identifying conformist tendencies, encouraging open debate, and implementing constructive dissent strategies can help mitigate the effects of conformity in decision-making. Reviewing authority models and promoting diversity in surgical settings may improve decision-making and the quality of patient care., (Copyright © 2024 AEC. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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20. Long-term risk of death in patients with infection attended by prehospital emergency services.
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Melero Guijarro L, Martín-Rodríguez F, Álvarez Manzanares J, Del Pozo Vegas C, Sanz García A, Castro Villamor MÁ, and López-Izquierdo R
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- Adult, Humans, Ambulances, Lactic Acid, Prospective Studies, Spain, Emergency Medical Services, Sepsis diagnosis
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Objectives: To develop and validate a risk model for 1-year mortality based on variables available from early prehospital emergency attendance of patients with infection., Material and Methods: Prospective, observational, noninterventional multicenter study in adults with suspected infection transferred to 4 Spanish hospitals by advanced life-support ambulances from June 1, 2020, through June 30, 2022. We collected demographic, physiological, clinical, and analytical data. Cox regression analysis was used to develop and validate a risk model for 1-year mortality., Results: Four hundred ten patients were enrolled (development cohort, 287; validation cohort, 123). Cumulative mortality was 49% overall. Sepsis (infection plus a Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score of 2 or higher) was diagnosed in 29.2% of survivors vs 56.7% of nonsurvivors. The risk model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89 for 1-year mortality. The following predictors were included in the model: age; institutionalization; age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index; PaCO2; potassium, lactate, urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels; fraction of inspired oxygen; and diagnosed sepsis., Conclusion: The model showed excellent ability to predict 1-year mortality based on epidemiological, analytical, and clinical variables, identifying patients at high risk of death soon after their first contact with the health care system.
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- 2024
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21. Análisis de la futilidad sobre la prolongación del tratamiento en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en fase terminal desde la percepción médica
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Suaste Pazmiño, Denisse Isabel, Sánchez del Hierro, Galo, País Cadeno, Pedro Christian, Suaste Pazmiño, Denisse Isabel, Sánchez del Hierro, Galo, and País Cadeno, Pedro Christian
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Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica es una patología que disminuye la expectativa y calidad de vida de los pacientes. Los médicos son los principales encargados de preservar la vida del paciente y son responsables en la toma de decisión compartida. Objetivo: analizar la percepción del personal médico sobre la prolongación del tratamiento sustitutivo renal en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en fase terminal en la unidad de diálisis en el Hospital General Docente de Ambato, Ecuador. Método: se realizó una investigación cualitativa, con una entrevista semiestructurada que constó de preguntas guiadas por la teoría-hipótesis del tema. La muestra de estudio estuvo compuesta por los médicos de la unidad de diálisis, responsables del manejo clínico de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en tratamiento de diálisis. El protocolo fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de investigación en Seres Humanos de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, con código de aprobación CEI-88-2020. Resultados: el análisis temático evidenció que los médicos necesitan evaluar ética y clínicamente de manera integral al paciente antes de mantener o dar por terminada la hemodiálisis; el nivel de conocimiento y habilidades ético-clínicas influyen en la toma de decisiones. Además, la aplicación de los principios bioéticos de Beauchamp y Childress para la toma de decisiones es vaga, moramente confusa y por tanto irrelevante para este tipo de decisiones. Conclusiones: los médicos perciben la necesidad de evaluar integralmente al paciente, al tener en cuenta no solo la condición física sino psicológica, social y económica del paciente. Consideran innecesario mantener un tratamiento de hemodiálisis en un paciente con una calidad de vida deteriorada, con autonomía reducida y cuyo tratamiento prolongado podría causarle más dolor que beneficio.
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- 2023
22. Percepções e conhecimentos médicos sobre limitação de suporte de vida
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Barros, Bárbara Fernanda Melo, Pasklan, Amanda Namíbia Pereira, Rodrigues, Natasha Fiterman, Barros, Julia Bacelar, Motta, Vanise Barros Rodrigues da, and Lima, Sara Fiterman
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Death ,Unidades de terapia intensiva ,Unidades de cuidados intensivos ,Intensive care units ,Muerte ,Toma de decisiones clínicas ,Morte ,Palliative care ,Tomada de decisão clínica ,Cuidados paliativos ,Clinical decision-making - Abstract
Resumo Este estudo descritivo e qualitativo identificou percepções e conhecimentos de médicos de unidades de terapia intensiva sobre a limitação do suporte de vida. Os resultados revelaram diferentes compreensões e estímulos acerca do uso da limitação do suporte de vida: tomadas de decisão isoladas e compartilhadas; empecilhos como família, profissionais, questões jurídicas e imprevisibilidade da morte; e relatos de casos específicos com benefícios, dilemas e especificidades por quadro e faixa etária. Existe consenso quanto à necessidade de limitação do suporte de vida, mas falta preparo na formação e persistem divergências de compreensão. Os diferentes estímulos para seu uso e as dificuldades para tomada de decisão e definição de condutas são permeados por conflitos éticos, culturais e pessoais e demonstram a necessidade de educar sobre o tema em diferentes níveis de formação de profissionais de saúde. Abstract This qualitative, descriptive study identified perceptions and knowledge of intensive care unit physicians about limiting life support. Results revealed different understandings and reasons for limiting life support: shared and isolated decision-making; obstacles such as family, professionals, legal issues and unpredictability of death; and specific case reports with benefits, dilemmas, and specificities by clinical picture and age group. Physicians agree on the need to limit life support but lack training on the topic and differences in understanding remain. The multiple reasons for its use and difficulties in decision-making and definition of conduct are permeated by ethical, cultural and personal conflicts, demonstrating the need for better education on the theme at different levels of health professional training. Resumen Este estudio descriptivo y cualitativo identificó las percepciones y el conocimiento de los médicos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos sobre la limitación del soporte vital. Los resultados revelaron diferentes comprensiones y estímulos sobre el uso de la limitación del soporte vital: toma de decisiones aislada y compartida; obstáculos como la familia, los profesionales, las cuestiones legales y la imprevisibilidad de la muerte; e informes de casos específicos con beneficios, dilemas y especificidades por condición y grupo de edad. Existe consenso sobre la necesidad de limitar el soporte vital, pero carece de preparación y persisten las diferencias de comprensión. Los diferentes estímulos para su uso y las dificultades para la toma de decisiones y la definición de conductas están impregnados de conflictos éticos, culturales y personales, además de que demuestran la necesidad de discutir sobre el tema en los diferentes niveles de formación de los profesionales de la salud.
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- 2023
23. Tomada de decisão frente às lesões de acometimento endodôntico-periodontal
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Rosana Maria Coelho Travassos, Vânia Cavalcanti Ribeiro da Silva, Mônica Maria de Albuquerque Pontes, Vanda Sanderana Macêdo Carneiro, Pedro Thiago de Oliveira Neves, and Letícia Evêncio Sousa Luz
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Clinical decision-making ,Toma de decisiones clínicas ,Periodoncia ,Periodontia ,Tomada de decisão clínica ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Periodontics ,Endodoncia ,Endodontia ,General Environmental Science ,Endodontics - Abstract
A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida objetivando analisar o nível de conhecimento de alunos de especialização em Endodontia nas cidades do Recife e João Pessoa, acerca das lesões de acometimento endodôntico-periodontal, tendo em vista a dificuldade encontrada no estabelecimento do diagnóstico e, consequentemente, na tomada de decisão terapêutica para as referidas lesões. Para tanto foi aplicado um questionário constituído de três casos cenários, classificados de acordo com a literatura científica como sendo de lesões endoperiodontais, avaliados por 54 alunos. No momento das entrevistas estes foram questionados com relação às suas propostas de diagnóstico e tratamento para as lesões apresentadas por meio de radiografias digitalizadas e descrição clínica dos casos. Os resultados encontrados apontaram para uma divergência, acima do esperado, de diagnósticos e tratamentos propostos, associados a uma baixa frequência da tomada de decisão correta para tais lesões. Concluiu-se que a maioria dos participantes desta pesquisa não possui conhecimento científico adequado a respeito do tema abordado. This present work was aimed at evaluating the clinical knowledge of general practitioners (GP), attenting a specialization course on Endodontics in the cities of Recife - Brazil and João Pessoa - Brazil, as regards the endo-perio lesions, owing to the difficulties, noticed when stablishing their diagnosis and, therefore, when performing the therapeutic decision. On this purpose, a questionnaire with three case-reports, concerned with those lesions, was answered by a sample of 54 GPs. During the interviews, they were inquired on their possible diagnosis and treatment, by means of digitalized radiographies and case decriptions. The results revealed a great range of variation, even higher than what was expected, in reference to the diagnosis and proposed therapies, associated to a low frequency related to the right decision-making. In conclusion, the majority of the interviewed students does not retain the required scientific knowledge towards the studied subject. La presente investigación fue desarrollada con el objetivo de analizar el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes de la especialidad de Endodoncia de los municipios de Recife y João Pessoa, acerca de las lesiones endodónticas-periodontales, ante la dificultad encontrada en establecer el diagnóstico y, consecuentemente, en tomar decisión terapéutica para estas lesiones. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario compuesto por tres escenarios de casos, clasificados según la literatura científica como lesiones endoperiodontales, evaluados por 54 estudiantes. En el momento de las entrevistas se les preguntó sobre sus propuestas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de las lesiones presentadas mediante radiografías digitalizadas y descripción clínica de los casos. Los resultados encontrados apuntaron a una divergencia, por encima de las expectativas, de diagnósticos y tratamientos propuestos, asociada a una baja frecuencia de toma de decisiones correctas para tales lesiones. Se concluyó que la mayoría de los participantes en esta investigación no tienen un conocimiento científico adecuado sobre el tema abordado.
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- 2022
24. Efficacy of early use of remdesivir: a systematic review of subgroup analysis
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Farmacología, Gil Sierra, Manuel David, Briceño Casado, María del Pilar, Alegre del Rey, Emilio Jesús, Sánchez Hidalgo, Marina, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Farmacología, Gil Sierra, Manuel David, Briceño Casado, María del Pilar, Alegre del Rey, Emilio Jesús, and Sánchez Hidalgo, Marina
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Introduction A possible benefit has been suggested for early treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with remdesivir. The efficacy of this drug is controversial and could significantly influence the efficiency in healthcare systems. The objective is the methodological interpretation of subgroup analyzes according to starting of remdesivir treatment with respect to symptom onset of COVID-19. Methods A search in Pubmed® database was performed. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with subgroup analysis regarding early and late use of remdesivir were selected. All endpoints were assessed using two methodologies. First methodology considered statistical interaction, pre-specification, biological plausibility, and consistency of results. Second methodology was a validated tool with preliminary questions to discard subset analysis without relevant minimum conditions, and a checklist with recommendations for applicability. Results A total of 54 results were found and five RCTs were selected. According first methodology, consistent heterogeneity was only found in time to clinical improvement and better clinical status score at day 15 for patients with severe COVID-19 and <7 days of symptoms. About second methodology, these results about early use of remdesivir may be applied to clinical practice with caution. Conclusions We developed a systematic search and application of an established methodology for interpretation of subgroup analysis about early use of remdesivir. Results in severe COVID-19 suggested that early use of remdesivir provides a greater benefit in <7 days of symptoms for time to clinical improvement and better clinical status score at day 15. Future studies could use 7-day cut-off of symptoms to evaluate remdesivir., Introduction. Se ha sugerido un posible beneficio para el tratamiento temprano de la enfermedad grave por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) con remdesivir. La eficacia de este fármaco es controvertida y podría influir significativamente en la eficiencia de los sistemas sanitarios. El objetivo es la interpretación metodológica de los análisis de subgrupos según el inicio del tratamiento con remdesivir respecto al inicio de los síntomas de la COVID-19. Material y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos Pubmed®. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) con análisis de subgrupos respecto al uso temprano y tardío de remdesivir. Todas las variables se evaluaron mediante dos metodologías. La primera metodología consideró la interacción estadística, pre-especificación, la plausibilidad biológica y la consistencia de los resultados. La segunda metodología fue una herramienta validada con preguntas preliminares para descartar el análisis de subgrupos sin condiciones mínimas relevantes, y una lista de verificación con recomendaciones de aplicabilidad. Resultados. Se encontraron un total de 54 resultados y se seleccionaron cinco ECA. Según la primera metodología, sólo se encontró heterogeneidad consistente en el tiempo hasta la mejora clínica y la mejor puntuación del estado clínico en el día 15 para los pacientes con COVID-19 grave y <7 días de síntomas. Sobre la segunda metodología, estos resultados sobre el uso temprano de remdesivir pueden aplicarse a la práctica clínica con precaución. Conclusiones. Se desarrolló una búsqueda sistemática y la aplicación de una metodología establecida para la interpretación del análisis de subgrupos sobre el uso temprano de remdesivir. Los resultados en la COVID-19 grave sugirieron que el uso temprano de remdesivir proporciona un mayor beneficio en <7 días de síntomas para el tiempo de mejora clínica y mejor puntuación del estado clínico en el día 15. Los estudios futuros podrían utilizar el corte de 7 días de síntomas p
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- 2022
25. Análise do conceito “raciocínio diagnóstico” em enfermagem
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Coeli Oliveira da Silva, Bárbara, Delgado, Millena Freire, Nascimento, Rafaela Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Lira, Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho, Rodrigues Feijão, Alexsandra, Enders, Bertha Cruz, Coeli Oliveira da Silva, Bárbara, Delgado, Millena Freire, Nascimento, Rafaela Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Lira, Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho, Rodrigues Feijão, Alexsandra, and Enders, Bertha Cruz
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Objetivo: desenvolver uma definição operacional do conceito “raciocínio diagnóstico” em enfermagem. Materiais e métodos: trata-se de uma análise de conceito segundo o modelo de Walker e Avant. Foram seguidos todos os passos do referencial: seleção do conceito; determinação dos objetivos e das propostas para a análise conceitual; identificação dos possíveis usos do conceito; determinação dos atributos definidores; identificação de um caso modelo; identificação do caso contrários; identificação dos antecedentes e dos consequentes do conceito. Resultados: selecionou-se uma amostra de 20 estudos, nos quais foram identificados os atributos: pensamento especializado, habilidades cognitivas, conhecimento existente, competência intelectual; raciocínio orientado para a hipótese; antecedentes: avaliação clínica, experiência prática, interpretações dos dados, intuição, julgamento diagnóstico, processamento de informações, raciocínio clínico; consequentes: avanço dos cuidados de enfermagem, comunicação, planejamento de intervenções, agir sobre o problema identificado, alcance de resultados eficazes, ações autônomas, qualidade da documentação do paciente. Conclusões: o estudo contribui com a compreensão da definição operacional do conceito de raciocínio diagnóstico em enfermagem por meio da identificação dos atributos essenciais, dos antecedentes e dos consequentes., Objective: To develop an operational definition of the “diagnostic reasoning” concept in nursing. Materials and methods: This concept analysis is based on Walker and Avant’s model. All the referential steps were followed: concept selection, determining the objectives and proposals for concept analysis, identifying the possible uses of the concept, determining the defining attributes, identifying a model case, identifying the contrary case, and identifying the precedents and consequences of the concept. Results: A sample of 20 studies was selected, identifying the following attributes: specialized thinking, cognitive skills, existing knowledge, intellectual competence; hypothesis-oriented reasoning; precedents: clinical assessment, practical experience, data interpretations, intuition, diagnostic judgment, information processing, clinical reasoning; consequences: improvement of nursing care, communication, planning interventions, addressing the identified problem, achieving effective results, autonomous actions, and quality of patient records. Conclusions: The study contributes to understanding the operational definition of the diagnostic reasoning concept in nursing by identifying the core attributes, precedents, and consequences., Objetivo: desarrollar una definición operativa del concepto “razonamiento diagnóstico” en enfermería. Materiales y método: se trata de un análisis de concepto según el modelo de Walker y Avant. Se siguieron todos los pasos del referencial: selecciones del concepto; determinación de los objetivos y las propuestas para el análisis conceptual; identificación de los posibles usos del concepto; determinación de los atributos definidores; identificación de un caso modelo; identificación del caso contrarios; identificación de los antecedentes y consecuentes del concepto. Resultados: se seleccionó una amuestra de 20 estudios, en los que se identificaron los atributos: pensamiento especializado, habilidades cognitivas, conocimiento existente, competencia intelectual; razonamiento orientado para la hipótesis; antecedentes: evaluación clínica, experiencia práctica, interpretaciones de los datos, intuición, juicio diagnóstico, procesamiento de informaciones, razonamiento clínico; consecuentes: avance de los cuidados de enfermaría, comunicación, planeación de intervenciones, actuar sobre el problema identificado, alcance de resultados eficaces, acciones autónomas, calidad de la documentación del paciente. Conclusiones: el estudio aporta con la comprensión de la definición operativa del concepto “razonamiento diagnóstico” en enfermaría por medio de la identificación de los atributos esenciales, de los antecedentes y los consecuentes.
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- 2022
26. 3er Ciclo del Programa Nacional para Mejorar el Acesso y la Calidad de la Atención Primaria: camiños para la toma de decisiones
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Moriguchi, Cristiane Shinohara, Lopes, Maria Emilia Pereira, Silva, Jaqueline Alcântara Marcelino, Peduzzi, Marina, Braga, Denise, Sampaio, Sueli Fatima, and Mininel, Vivian Aline
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Apoyo a la planificación em salud ,Decision making ,Toma de decisiones clínicas ,Indicadores de Gestão ,Indicadores de gestión ,Management indicators ,Atenção Primária à Saúde ,Apoio ao Planejamento em Saúde ,Health planning support ,Atención primaria de salud ,Health evaluation ,Avaliação em Saúde ,Tomada de decisões ,Evaluación en salud ,Primary health care - Abstract
The present study aimed to show how the Nacional Program of Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Health Care (PMAQ-AB) results can help Primary Health Care (PHC) managers to plan and make better decisions regard healthcare access and quality. It is a cross-sectional study based on data from 3rd Cycle of PMAQ-AB of a city of São Paulo, including Self-evaluation, External Evaluation and Indicators of Performance. Based on the results, managers should consider these items when make decisions and plans: Participation, Social Control and Patient Satisfaction, Workers Valuing, care indicators of health conditions, exams and services’ supply. We did not found data from Self-Evaluation in PHC Management which flags fragilities in health management. The PMAQ-AB seems to be an important tool do ground pathways for manager planning and decisions making and its interruption represents an important loss for the strengthening and consolidation of SUS public policies aimed at Primary Care, in addition to the discontinuity of a consistent Program with good subsidies for evaluation and research. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo demostrar cómo los resultados del Programa Nacional para la Mejora del Acceso y la Calidad de la Atención Primaria (PMAQ-AB) pueden apoyar la planificación y la toma de decisiones para mejorar el acceso y la calidad por parte de los gestores municipales. Se trata de un estudio transversal, basado en datos secundarios del 3er Ciclo del PMAQ-AB en un municipio del estado de São Paulo, que abarca Autoevaluación, Evaluación Externa e Indicadores de Desempeño. A través de los resultados, se identificó la necesidad de intervenciones en los componentes de Participación, Control Social y Satisfacción del Usuario, Valoración del Trabajador, atención a las condiciones de salud, recolección de exámenes y prestación de servicios. Los datos de la Gestión Municipal y las Dimensiones de Gestión no fueron identificados, lo que indica debilidades. El PMAQ-AB demostró ser una importante herramienta de apoyo a la toma de decisiones por parte de la gestión municipal y su interrupción representa una pérdida importante para el fortalecimiento y consolidación de las políticas públicas del SUS dirigidas a la Atención Primaria, además de la discontinuidad de un Programa consistente con buenos subsidios para evaluación e investigación. O presente estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar como os resultados do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) podem subsidiar o planejamento e a tomada de decisões para melhoria do acesso e qualidade por gestores municipais. Trata-se de estudo transversal, com base em dados secundários do 3° Ciclo do PMAQ-AB de um município do estado de São Paulo, contemplando Autoavaliação, Avaliação Externa e Indicadores de Desempenho. Por meio dos resultados foi identificada a necessidade de intervenções nos componentes de Participação, Controle Social e Satisfação do Usuário, Valorização do Trabalhador, atendimentos por condições de saúde, coleta de exames e oferta de serviços. Não foram identificados dados das Dimensões Gestão Municipal e Gestão, sinalizando fragilidades. O PMAQ-AB demonstrou ser uma importante ferramenta para subsidiar a tomada de decisões pela gestão municipal e sua interrupção representa uma perda importante para o fortalecimento e consolidação das políticas públicas do SUS voltadas à Atenção Básica, além da descontinuidade de um Programa consistente e com bons subsídios para avaliação e pesquisa.
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- 2022
27. Analysis of the 'Diagnostic Reasoning' Concept in Nursing
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Alexsandra Feijão, Bertha Cruz Enders, Bárbara Coeli Oliveira Silva Aquino, Millena Freire Delgado, Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho Lira, and Rafaela Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Nascimento
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diagnóstico de enfermagem ,formação de conceito ,diagnóstico de enfermería ,formación de concepto ,nursing ,Toma de decisiones clínicas ,nursing diagnosis ,enfermagem ,Tomada de decisão clínica ,General Nursing ,Clinical decision-making ,concept formation ,enfermería - Abstract
Objective: To develop an operational definition of the "diagnostic reasoning" concept in nursing. Materials and methods: This concept analysis is based on Walker and Avant's model. All the referential steps were followed: concept selection, determining the objectives and proposals for concept analysis, identifying the possible uses of the concept, determining the defining attributes, identifying a model case, identifying the contrary case, and identifying the precedents and consequences of the concept. Results: A sample of 20 studies was selected, identifying the following attributes: specialized thinking, cognitive skills, existing knowledge, intellectual competence; hypothesis-oriented reasoning; precedents: clinical assessment, practical experience, data interpretations, intuition, diagnostic judgment, information processing, clinical reasoning; consequences: improvement of nursing care, communication, planning interventions, addressing the identified problem, achieving effective results, autonomous actions, and quality of patient records. Conclusions: The study contributes to understanding the operational definition of the diagnostic reasoning concept in nursing by identifying the core attributes, precedents, and consequences. Resumen Objetivo: desarrollar una definición operacional del concepto "razonamiento diagnóstico" en enfermería. Materiales y métodos: se trata de un análisis de concepto según el modelo de Walker y Avant. Se siguieron todos los pasos de la referencia: selección del concepto; determinación de los objetivos y las propuestas para el análisis conceptual; identificación de los posibles usos del concepto; determinación de los atributos definidores; identificación de un caso modelo; identificación del caso contrario; identificación de los antecedentes y de las consecuencias del concepto. Resultados: se seleccionó una muestra de 20 estudios, en los que se identificaron los atributos: pensamiento especializado, habilidades cognitivas, conocimiento existente, competencia intelectual; razonamiento orientado a la hipótesis; antecedentes: evaluación clínica, experiencia práctica, interpretaciones de los datos, intuición, juicio diagnóstico, procesamiento de informaciones, razonamiento clínico; consecuencias: avance de los cuidados de enfermería, comunicación, planeación de intervenciones, actuación sobre el problema identificado, alcance de los resultados eficaces, acciones autónomas, calidad de la documentación del paciente. Conclusiones: el estudio aporta a la comprensión de la definición operacional del concepto "razonamiento diagnóstico" en enfermería por medio de la identificación de los atributos esenciales, de los antecedentes y de las consecuencias. Resumo Objetivo: desenvolver uma definição operacional do conceito "raciocínio diagnóstico" em enfermagem. Materiais e métodos: trata-se de uma análise de conceito segundo o modelo de Walker e Avant. Foram seguidos todos os passos do referencial: seleção do conceito; determinação dos objetivos e das propostas para a análise conceitual; identificação dos possíveis usos do conceito; determinação dos atributos definidores; identificação de um caso modelo; identificação do caso contrários; identificação dos antecedentes e dos consequentes do conceito. Resultados: selecionou-se uma amostra de 20 estudos, nos quais foram identificados os atributos: pensamento especializado, habilidades cognitivas, conhecimento existente, competência intelectual; raciocínio orientado para a hipótese; antecedentes: avaliação clínica, experiência prática, interpretações dos dados, intuição, julgamento diagnóstico, processamento de informações, raciocínio clínico; consequentes: avanço dos cuidados de enfermagem, comunicação, planejamento de intervenções, agir sobre o problema identificado, alcance de resultados eficazes, ações autônomas, qualidade da documentação do paciente. Conclusões: o estudo contribui com a compreensão da definição operacional do conceito de raciocínio diagnóstico em enfermagem por meio da identificação dos atributos essenciais, dos antecedentes e dos consequentes.
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- 2022
28. Evaluation of three resin cements in the production of cone beam computed tomography artifacts in teeth with fiberglass posts
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Luciana Sarmento de Mendonça, Laís Maciel Costa, José Alcides Almeida de Arruda, Ana Paula Veras Sobral, Maria Luiza dos Anjos Pontual, and Marcia Maria Fonseca da Silveira
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Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico ,Cimentos de resina ,Toma de decisiones clínicas ,Artefatos ,Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico ,Resin cements ,Tomada de decisão clínica ,Cone Beam Computed Tomography ,Artefactos ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Artifacts ,Cementos de resina ,Clinical decision-making ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The present study analyzed the presence of artifacts in endodontically treated teeth restored with fiberglass posts (FP) cemented with different resin cements by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in order to evaluate the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). A total of 60 mandibular premolars were selected to assemble the phantoms in order to simulate a clinical situation. The teeth were allocated to 6 groups, in which G1, G2 and G3 were endodontically treated teeth restored with FP cemented with Nexus 3, Duo-Link, and Allcem Core resin cements, respectively; G4: endodontically treated teeth restored with FP; G5: teeth treated only endodontically; and G6: healthy teeth. Mean gray scale values were analyzed in the axial images of the cervical, middle and apical thirds of the post length. CNR analysis was conducted on all groups except G5 and G6. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean values of the middle third region regarding the groups analyzed (p=0.026). However, artifacts were observed in all studied groups. The statistical difference observed between the cervical and apical thirds when the groups were evaluated together did not characterize the absence of artifacts between the resin cements, even when only the FP was present. Consequently, the choice of a resin cement might be based on ease of handling, better working time, cost-effectiveness, activation modes, substrate conditions, and clinical aspects. In summary, image quality was found to be compromised by artifacts in the presence of FP through CBCT with or without the resin cements in the root canal. El presente estudio analizó la presencia de artefactos en dientes tratados endodónticamente restaurados con postes de fibra de vidrio (PFV) cementados con cementos de resina diferentes mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC) para evaluar la relación contraste-ruido (RCR). Se seleccionaron un total de 60 premolares inferiores para realizar los fantomas con el fin de simular una situación clínica. Los dientes fueron asignados en 6 grupos, en los cuales los grupos G1, G2 y G3 fueron dientes tratados endodónticamente, restaurados con PFV y cementados con cementos de resina Nexus 3, Duo-Link y Allcem Core, respectivamente; G4: dientes tratados endodónticamente restaurados con PFV; G5: dientes tratados solo endodónticamente; y G6: dientes sanos. Se analizaron los valores medios de la escala de grises en las imágenes axiales de los tercios cervical, medio y apical de la longitud del poste. El análisis RCR se realizó en todos los grupos excepto G5 y G6. Hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los valores medios de la región del tercio medio en relación a los grupos analizados (p=0,026). Sin embargo, se observaron artefactos en todos los grupos estudiados. La diferencia estadística observada entre los tercios cervical y apical cuando los grupos fueron evaluados juntos no caracterizó la ausencia de artefactos entre los cementos de resina, incluso cuando solo estaba presente el PFV. En consecuencia, la elección de un cemento de resina puede basarse en la facilidad de manejo, mejor tiempo de trabajo, rentabilidad, modos de activación, condiciones del sustrato y aspectos clínicos. En resumen, la calidad de la imagen se vio comprometida por artefactos en presencia de PFV a través de TCHC con o sin cementos de resina en el conducto radicular. O presente estudo analisou a presença de artefatos em dentes tratados endodonticamente e restaurados com pinos de fibra de vidro (PFV) cimentados com diferentes cimentos resinosos por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) para avaliar a relação contraste-ruído (RCR). Um total de 60 pré-molares inferiores foram selecionados para confeccionar os fantomas a fim de simular uma situação clínica. Os dentes foram alocados em 6 grupos, nos quais G1, G2 e G3 foram dentes tratados endodonticamente e restaurados com PFV cimentados com os cimentos resinosos Nexus 3, Duo-Link e Allcem Core, respectivamente; G4: dentes tratados endodonticamente restaurados com PFV; G5: dentes tratados apenas endodonticamente; e G6: dentes hígidos. Os valores médios da escala de cinza foram analisados nas imagens axiais dos terços cervical, médio e apical do comprimento do pino. A análise da RCR foi realizada em todos os grupos, exceto G5 e G6. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos valores médios da região do terço médio em relação aos grupos analisados (p=0,026). No entanto, artefatos foram observados em todos os grupos estudados. A diferença estatística observada entre os terços cervical e apical quando os grupos foram avaliados em conjunto não caracterizou a ausência de artefatos entre os cimentos resinosos, mesmo quando apenas o PFV estava presente. Consequentemente, a escolha de um cimento resinoso pode ser baseada na facilidade de manuseio, melhor tempo de trabalho, custo-benefício, modos de ativação, condições do substrato e aspectos clínicos. Em resumo, a qualidade da imagem foi comprometida por artefatos na presença de PFV através de TCFC com ou sem os cimentos resinosos no canal radicular.
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- 2022
29. Reducing non-attendance in outpatient appointments: predictive model development, validation, and clinical assessment
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Valero Bover, Damià, González, Pedro, Carot Sans, Gerard, Cano, Isaac, Saura, Pilar, Otermin, Pilar, Garcia, Celia, Gálvez, Maria, Lupiáñez Villanueva, Francisco, Piera Jiménez, Jordi, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
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Health services administration ,servicios sanitarios ,arbres de decisió ,Serveis sanitaris ,Reminder Systems ,Planificació sanitària ,no asistencia ,presa de decisions cliniques ,Pilot Projects ,prestació de l'assistència sanitària ,arboles de decisión ,clinical decision making ,access to healthcare ,no assistencia ,Appointments and Schedules ,Health risk assessment ,Outpatients ,Humans ,prestación de asistencia sanitaria ,accés a l'assistència sanitària ,Retrospective Studies ,Avaluació del risc per la salut ,toma de decisiones clinicas ,Educació dels pacients ,Public health ,Administració sanitària ,decision trees ,Health Policy ,Presa de decisions ,Patient compliance ,Patient education ,Primary care ,Salut pública ,Health services ,national health services ,no show ,acceso a la asistencia sanitaria ,Atenció primària ,Estudi de casos ,Health planning ,Patient Compliance ,delivery of healthcare ,Cooperació dels malalts ,Case studies ,non-attendance ,Decision making - Abstract
Background Non-attendance to scheduled hospital outpatient appointments may compromise healthcare resource planning, which ultimately reduces the quality of healthcare provision by delaying assessments and increasing waiting lists. We developed a model for predicting non-attendance and assessed the effectiveness of an intervention for reducing non-attendance based on the model. Methods The study was conducted in three stages: (1) model development, (2) prospective validation of the model with new data, and (3) a clinical assessment with a pilot study that included the model as a stratification tool to select the patients in the intervention. Candidate models were built using retrospective data from appointments scheduled between January 1, 2015, and November 30, 2018, in the dermatology and pneumology outpatient services of the Hospital Municipal de Badalona (Spain). The predictive capacity of the selected model was then validated prospectively with appointments scheduled between January 7 and February 8, 2019. The effectiveness of selective phone call reminders to patients at high risk of non-attendance according to the model was assessed on all consecutive patients with at least one appointment scheduled between February 25 and April 19, 2019. We finally conducted a pilot study in which all patients identified by the model as high risk of non-attendance were randomly assigned to either a control (no intervention) or intervention group, the last receiving phone call reminders one week before the appointment. Results Decision trees were selected for model development. Models were trained and selected using 33,329 appointments in the dermatology service and 21,050 in the pneumology service. Specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for the prediction of non-attendance were 79.90%, 67.09%, and 73.49% for dermatology, and 71.38%, 57.84%, and 64.61% for pneumology outpatient services. The prospective validation showed a specificity of 78.34% (95%CI 71.07, 84.51) and balanced accuracy of 70.45% for dermatology; and 69.83% (95%CI 60.61, 78.00) for pneumology, respectively. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed on 1,311 individuals identified as high risk of non-attendance according to the selected model. Overall, the intervention resulted in a significant reduction in the non-attendance rate to both the dermatology and pneumology services, with a decrease of 50.61% (pp=0.048), respectively. Conclusions The risk of non-attendance can be adequately estimated using patient information stored in medical records. The patient stratification according to the non-attendance risk allows prioritizing interventions, such as phone call reminders, to effectively reduce non-attendance rates.
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- 2022
30. Metacognición en un juego educativo guiado por procesos de enfermería sobre trastornos electrolíticos
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Mauricio Abreu Pinto Peixoto, Marcos Antônio Gomes Brandão, Débora Lucy Santos Saraiva, Jaqueline da Silva Soares Souto, César Silva Xavier, and Luciana Rocha dos Santos
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Juegos ,Processo de Enfermagem ,Clinical Decision Making ,Jogos ,Problem-Based Learning ,Aprendizado Baseado em Problemas ,Proceso de Enfermería ,Metacognición ,Toma de Decisiones Clínicas ,Metacognição ,Tomada de Decisão Clínica ,Games ,Metacognition ,Nursing Process ,General Nursing ,Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas - Abstract
Resumo Objetivos Descrever os eventos metacognitivos contidos nos relatos de alunos de enfermagem após participação em jogo educativo e identificar as operações metacognitivas presentes nos relatos de alunos de enfermagem após participação no jogo educativo. Método Estudo qualitativo para a compreensão de eventos e processos metacognitivos de vinte e seis estudantes engajados na solução de um caso de distúrbios eletrolíticos, orientados pelo processo de enfermagem. Dados coletados por entrevista semiestruturada. Análise de conteúdo com categorias teóricas da metacognição para procedimentos dedutivos e classificatórios. Resultados Foram identificadas quinze características do processo e do controle durante o jogo, com operações metacognitivas a partir de eventos metacognitivos presentes nas falas dos participantes do jogo. As fases de antecipação, de controle da performance e de autorregulação reflexiva foram utilizadas para classificar as quinze características emergentes da tarefa. Conclusão A participação em um jogo educacional orientado à aprendizagem do processo de enfermagem pode evidenciar descrições de eventos metacognitivos, clarificando processos mentais. Implicações para a prática Conhecer as características de um trajeto metacognitivo mais comum pode facilitar a atuação do professor como mediador e facilitador da aprendizagem em aspectos específicos. Resumen Objetivos Describir los eventos metacognitivos contenidos en los reportes de estudiantes de enfermería luego de participar en un juego educativo e identificar las operaciones metacognitivas presentes en los reportes de estudiantes de enfermería luego de participar en el juego educativo. Método Estudio cualitativo para comprender los eventos y procesos metacognitivos de veintiséis estudiantes involucrados en la solución de un caso de trastornos electrolíticos guiados por el proceso de enfermería. Datos recopilados mediante entrevista semiestructurada. Análisis de contenido con categorías teóricas de metacognición para procedimientos deductivos y clasificatorios. Resultados Se identificaron quince características del proceso y control durante el juego con operaciones metacognitivas a partir de eventos metacognitivos presentes en los discursos de los participantes del juego. Las fases de anticipación, control del desempeño y autorregulación reflexiva se utilizaron para clasificar las quince características emergentes de la tarea. Conclusión La participación en un juego educativo orientado al aprendizaje del proceso de enfermería puede revelar descripciones de eventos metacognitivos, aclarando procesos mentales. Implicaciones para la práctica Conocer las características de un camino metacognitivo más común puede facilitar el papel del docente como mediador y facilitador del aprendizaje en aspectos específicos. Abstract Objectives To describe the metacognitive events contained in nursing students’ reports after participating in an educational game and identify the metacognitive operations present in nursing students’ reports after their participation. Method This was a qualitative study to understand the events and metacognitive processes of twenty-six students who were engaged in solving a case of electrolyte disturbances and guided by the nursing process. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews, and content analysis was performed with theoretical categories of metacognition for deductive and classificatory procedures. Results Fifteen process and control characteristics were identified during the game, with metacognitive operations from metacognitive events present in the participants’ speeches. The phases of anticipation, performance control, and reflective self-regulation were used to classify the fifteen emergent characteristics of the task. Conclusion Participation in an educational game oriented towards learning the nursing process can evidence descriptions of metacognitive events, clarifying mental processes. Implications for practice Knowing the characteristics of a more common metacognitive path can facilitate the teacher's role as a mediator and facilitator of learning in specific aspects.
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- 2022
31. Efeito de guia para raciocínio clínico na acurácia diagnóstica de estudantes de enfermagem: ensaio clínico
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Aline Batista Maurício, Elaine Drehmer de Almeida Cruz, Alba Lucia Bottura Leite de Barros, Mary Gay Tesoro, Camila Takao Lopes, Anne Marie Simmons, Juliana de Lima Lopes, and Lidia Santiago Guandalini
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Critical Thinking ,Clinical Decision-Making ,Nursing Students ,Randomized Controlled Trial ,Teaching ,Nursing ,Pensamento Crítico ,Tomada de Decisão Clínica ,Estudantes de Enfermagem ,Ensaio Clínico Controlado Randomizado ,Educação em Enfermagem ,Enfermagem ,Pensamiento ,Toma de Decisiones Clínicas ,Estudiantes de Enfermería ,Ensayo Clínico Controlado Aleatorio ,Educación en Enfermería ,Enfermería - Abstract
Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la Guía Autoinstruccional deRazonamiento Clínico en la precisión diagnóstica de estudiantes deLicenciatura en Enfermería. Método: ensayo clínico aleatorizado,paralelo, doble ciego (investigadores y evaluadores de resultados),realizado con estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería. Se aplicaronestudios de casos validados en dos fases para identificar el diagnósticode enfermería/problema del paciente, etiología y pistas, utilizando laGuía con el grupo experimental en la segunda fase. Los resultados(precisión diagnóstica, etiológica y número de pistas) se evaluaronutilizando rúbricas validadas. Para el análisis se utilizó estadísticadescriptiva para datos demográficos; prueba exacta de Fisher parasimilitudes en educación previa y confianza; prueba de Mann-Whitneypara la edad; prueba ANOVA no paramétrica en la evaluación de lahipótesis de diferencias en el desempeño. Resultados: muestrafinal compuesta por 24 estudiantes en el grupo control y 27 en elgrupo experimental; no había diferencias en cuanto al sexo, la edady educación. Hubo diferencia en la precisión diagnóstica (p=0,041)y etiológica (p=0,0351) en el grupo experimental, que mostraron unefecto negativo del uso de la Guía. Conclusión: la autoinstrucciónimplementada por única vez no fue efectiva para generar un impactoen la precisión diagnóstica de los estudiantes que resolvieron losestudios de casos. La aplicación repetida de la Guía como herramientade enseñanza puede ser eficaz para mejorar dicho resultado. REBEC:RBR-4bhr78. Objective: to evaluate the effect of the Self-Instructional Guidefor Clinical Reasoning on the diagnostic accuracy of undergraduateNursing students. Method: a randomized, parallel and double-blind(researchers and outcome evaluators) clinical trial, carried out withundergraduate Nursing students. Validated case studies were appliedin two phases to identify the patient’s Nursing diagnosis/problem,etiology and clues, using the Guide with the intervention group in thesecond phase. The outcomes - diagnostic and etiological accuracyand number of clues - were evaluated using validated rubrics.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic data;Fisher’s exact test for similarities in prior education and confidence;Mann-Whitney’s test for age; and non-parametric ANOVA test inthe evaluation of the hypothesis of differences in performance.Results: final sample composed of 24 students in the control groupand 27 in the intervention group; no difference as to gender, ageand schooling. There was a difference in diagnostic (p=0.041) andetiological (p=0.0351) accuracy in the intervention group, showinga negative effect of using the Guide. Conclusion: the one-time selfinstructionwas not effective in impacting the diagnostic accuracy ofstudents solving case studies. Repeated application of the Guide asa teaching tool can be effective in improving such outcome. REBEC:RBR-4bhr78. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do Guia Autoinstrucional para RaciocínioClínico na acurácia diagnóstica de estudantes de Bacharelado emEnfermagem. Método: ensaio clínico randomizado, paralelo, duplocego (pesquisadores e avaliadores dos desfechos), realizado comgraduandos de Enfermagem. Aplicaram-se, em duas fases, estudosde caso validados para a identificação de diagnóstico de enfermagem/problema do paciente, etiologia e pistas, sendo utilizado o Guiacom o grupo intervenção na segunda fase. Os desfechos - acuráciadiagnóstica, etiológica e número de pistas - foram avaliados por meiode rubricas validadas. Para análise, utilizou-se estatística descritivapara dados demográficos; teste exato de Fisher para similaridades naeducação prévia e confiança; teste de Mann-Whitney para idade; testeANOVA não paramétrico na avaliação da hipótese de diferenças nodesempenho. Resultados: amostra final composta por 24 estudantesno grupo controle e 27 no intervenção; sem diferença quanto aosexo, idade e educação. Houve diferença para acurácia diagnóstica(p=0,041) e etiológica (p=0,0351) no grupo intervenção, mostrandoefeito negativo da utilização do Guia. Conclusão: a autoinstruçãoimplementada uma única vez não foi efetiva em impactar a acuráciadiagnóstica de estudantes solucionando estudos de caso. A aplicaçãorepetida do Guia como ferramenta didática pode ser efetiva paramelhorar tal desfecho. REBEC: RBR-4bhr78.
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- 2022
32. Efficacy of early use of remdesivir: a systematic review of subgroup analysis
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Gil Sierra, Manuel David, Briceño Casado, María del Pilar, Alegre del Rey, Emilio Jesús, Sánchez Hidalgo, Marina, and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Farmacología
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Microbiology (medical) ,Pharmacology ,linical decision-making ,evaluación de fármacos ,COVID-19 ,remdesivir ,General Medicine ,subgroup analysis ,toma de decisiones clínicas ,análisis de subgrupos - Abstract
Introduction A possible benefit has been suggested for early treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with remdesivir. The efficacy of this drug is controversial and could significantly influence the efficiency in healthcare systems. The objective is the methodological interpretation of subgroup analyzes according to starting of remdesivir treatment with respect to symptom onset of COVID-19. Methods A search in Pubmed® database was performed. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with subgroup analysis regarding early and late use of remdesivir were selected. All endpoints were assessed using two methodologies. First methodology considered statistical interaction, pre-specification, biological plausibility, and consistency of results. Second methodology was a validated tool with preliminary questions to discard subset analysis without relevant minimum conditions, and a checklist with recommendations for applicability. Results A total of 54 results were found and five RCTs were selected. According first methodology, consistent heterogeneity was only found in time to clinical improvement and better clinical status score at day 15 for patients with severe COVID-19 and
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- 2022
33. Entendiendo el flujo digital en ortodoncia: desde los sistemas digitales hasta la inteligencia artificial
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Malagraba, Federico Ezequiel, Parenza, Anastasia, Beti, María Mónica, and Furlan, Lorena
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Ortodoncia ,Informática ,Diseño Asistido por Computadora ,Toma de Decisiones Clínicas ,Tomógrafos Computarizados por Rayos X ,Odontología ,Redes Neurales de la Computación ,Impresión Tridimensional ,Macrodatos ,Inteligencia artificial ,Aprendizaje automático - Abstract
Esta publicación tiene como objetivo analizar el aporte de la tecnología digital a la Odontología general y en particular a la Ortodoncia, sumado a la llegada de una nueva herramienta: la inteligencia artificial (I.A.), cuyas aplicaciones están entrando en el ámbito clínico a gran velocidad resultando cada vez más relevantes y funcionales para los odontólogos. En este trabajo expresaremos cómo funciona el Flujo Digital junto a la Inteligencia Artificial, cuáles son sus campos de aplicación, los retos que enfrenta la odontología en la actualidad y su futuro próximo., This publication aims to analyze the contribution of digital technology to general dentistry and to orthodontics, added to the arrival of a new tool: artificial intelligence (A.I.), whose applications are entering the clinical field at great speed becoming increasingly relevant and functional for dentists. In this project we will express how the digital flow works together with Artificial Intelligence, what are its fields of application, the challenges facing dentistry today and in the near future., Facultad de Odontología
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- 2022
34. De la evidencia a la decisión: La necesidad de competencias en Medicina Basada en Evidencias en escuelas de medicina peruanas, para la toma de decisiones clínicas
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Fernández-Guzman, Daniel, Campero-Espinoza, Andy Bryan, Ccorahua-Rios, Maycol Suker, Medina-Quispe, Camila I., Chávez-Cruzado, Edward, and Galvez-Olortegui, José
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Medicina Basada en la Evidencia ,Toma de Decisiones Clínicas ,Perú ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,Evidence-Based Practice ,Teaching ,Clinical Decision-Making ,Peru ,Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia ,Enseñanza - Abstract
Objetive: To identify the need to implement Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) courses in the undergraduate curricula of Peruvian universities. The estudy: Descriptive observational study. The prevalence of teaching the EBM course in the medical schools of Peruvian universities was evaluated, as well as the semester in which it was taught and its obligatoriness. Findings: Of 44 medical schools evaluated, eight (18.2%) included an EBM course in their curricula, of which five(62.5%) corresponded to private universities and in seven(87,5%) the course was mandatory. Conclusions: The teaching of EBM in Peruvian university medical schools is low, potentially leading to less confidence and certainty in clinical decision making. Objetivo: Identificar la necesidad de implementar cursos de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia(MBE) en los planes de estudio de pregrado de las universidades peruanas. El estudio: Estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo. Se evaluó la prevalencia de la enseñanza del curso de MBE en las escuelas de medicina de universidades peruanas, el semestre en el que se enseñaba y la obligatoriedad. Hallazgos: De 44 escuelas de medicina evaluadas, ocho (18,2%) incluían un curso de MBE en sus planes de estudio, de las que cinco (62,5%) correspondían a universidades privadas y en siete(87,5%) el curso era obligatorio. Conclusiones: La enseñanza de la MBE en las escuelas de medicina de las universidades peruanas es baja, pudiendo conducir a una menor confianza y certeza en la toma de decisiones clínicas.
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- 2021
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35. A multidisciplinary consensus statement on the optimal pharmacological treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
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Borque-Fernando A, Calleja-Hernández MA, Cózar-Olmo JM, Gómez-Iturriaga A, Pérez-Fentes DA, Puente-Vázquez J, Rodrigo-Aliaga M, Unda M, and Álvarez-Ossorio JL
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- Male, Humans, Androgen Antagonists therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Docetaxel therapeutic use, Hormones therapeutic use, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). The addition of docetaxel or new hormone therapies (abiraterone, apalutamide, or enzalutamide) improves overall survival and is currently the standard of care. However, the decision on the specific regimen to accompany ADT should be discussed with the patient, considering factors such as possible associated toxicities, duration of treatment, comorbidities, patient preferences, as there is no sufficient evidence to recommend one regimen over the other in most cases. This paper summarizes the evidence on the management of mHSPC and provides consensus recommendations on the optimal treatment in combination with ADT in mHSPC patients, with special attention to the patient's clinical profile., (Copyright © 2023 AEU. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Concordance between referral and final diagnoses of pediatric patients with vascular malformations.
- Author
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Pastrana-Arellano E, Valdés-Loperena S, Vargas-Flores Y, Durán-McKinster C, and García-Romero MT
- Subjects
- Humans, Child, Retrospective Studies, Referral and Consultation, Evidence-Based Medicine, Knowledge, Vascular Malformations
- Abstract
Background: Vascular malformations (VaM) are a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from the dysmorphogenesis of blood vessels. Although correct classification is relevant to providing adequate treatment according to evidence-based medicine, diagnostic terminology may be misused or need clarification., Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to measure agreement and concordance between referral and final confirmed diagnoses of 435 pediatric patients with VaM newly referred to the multidisciplinary Vascular Anomalies Clinic (VAC) using Fleiss kappa (κ) concordance analysis., Results: We found fair concordance between referral and confirmed diagnoses of VaM (κ 0.306, p < 0.001). Lymphatic malformations (LM) and VaM associated with other anomalies showed moderate diagnostic concordance (κ 0.593, p < 0.001 and κ 0.469, p < 0.001, respectively)., Conclusions: Continuing medical education strategies are required to improve physician knowledge and diagnostic accuracy in patients with VaM., (Copyright: © 2023 Permanyer.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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