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Copyright of Space Education & Strategic Applications is the property of Policy Studies Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This quantitative study is designed to help educational institutions and instructors make informed decisions regarding the use of online proctoring software. The researchers studied the impact of proctoring software in online courses by comparing the final grades of two groups of online, undergraduate students who took the same online course with the same professor who administered virtually the same content, with and without proctoring software. The overall sample included 252 students in six different undergraduate courses. When regressing all six courses together, the data did not show that the addition of proctoring software created a significantly lower course grade. The researchers then regressed the data of each individual undergraduate course, with the addition of independent variables, which had a mixed-bag of results. Interestingly, an undergraduate business course showed that the use of proctoring software reduced course grades while other courses produced interesting significant findings relative to gender and attendance status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the United States' primary domestically-oriented intelligence service. Opportunities for the collection of foreign intelligence exist within the United States. Two narratives regarding foreign intelligence collection run through the primary source record of Bureau history. The first narrative is that foreign intelligence information is a byproduct of the Bureau's reactive investigations of threats to national security and the second is that the Bureau has exploited opportunities to develop foreign intelligence as a distinct objective. This latter narrative is supported by a lengthy legacy of activities directed at gathering foreign intelligence and at facilitating the collection of foreign intelligence by other agencies. Identifying and selecting a narrative of foreign intelligence collection will help the Bureau to incorporate this consideration into its future evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French spy series Le Bureau des légendes (2015–2020) has been acclaimed for its allegedly realistic depiction of French foreign intelligence. Drawing on the concept of 'legend', this article adapts actor-network theory to understand how Le Bureau was able to make a significant impact on public discussions of secret intelligence in France. The article shows how the series was constituted as a 'virtually true' cover story for the Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure (DGSE), which supported the series' production, and how this story impacted the DGSE itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 40 years since federal employment equity initiatives were launched in Canada, they have faced persistent backlash. This backlash is grounded in and fueled by conceptualizations of justice and equality that are rooted in ideologies of individualism and meritocracy. Here we draw on 140 qualitative interviews with members of six professions from across Canada, who self-identify as Indigenous, Black or racialized, ethnic minority, disabled, 2SLGBTQ+, and/or from working-class origins, to explore tensions between concepts of justice grounded in group-based oppressions and those grounded in individual egalitarianism. Though affirmative action and employment equity opened up opportunities, people were still left to fight for individual rights. This push to individualism was intensified by persistent hostile misperceptions that people are less qualified and in receipt of 'unfair advantages.' Through discursive misdirection, potential for transformative institutional change is undermined by liberal discourses of individualism and meritocracy., (© 2024 The Author(s). Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Canadian Sociological Association/La Société canadienne de sociologie.)

Data science and artificial intelligence are considered to be major forces in dealing with the challenges of the current Information Age. This study examines how Intelligence Studies journals have been dealing with the implications of the Information Age, by reviewing 89 contributions to 12 academic and professional intelligence journals from 2010 to 2021. This paper results in a comprehensive overview of how they cover the intersection of Information Age implications and core intelligence aspects, identifies gaps in the literature, and aims to set out direction towards building a cumulative body of knowledge on dealing with data in the Information Age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning in 1949, the Federal Bureau of Investigation sought tothwart the intelligence operations of the People's Republic of China(PRC) against the United States. The lack of US – PRC diplomaticrelations until 1979 and absence of diplomatic establishmentsmeant that counterintelligence operations against China required adeparture from the FBI's traditional approach to counterintelligence.Instead, the Bureau had to place a greater emphasis on operationswhich focused on movements of individuals and communicationsinto and out of the United States. The FBI further expanded thereach of its counterintelligence operations against China via theBureau's Legal Attaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Review of Policy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)