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Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The aetiology of mental disorders involves genetic and environmental factors, both reflected in family health history. We examined the intergenerational transmission of multiple mental disorders from parents and grandparents using population-based, objectively measured family histories. Methods: This population-based retrospective cohort study used administrative healthcare databases in Manitoba, Canada and included adults living in Manitoba from 1977 to 2020 with linkages to at least one parent and one grandparent. Index date was when individuals turned 18 or 1 April 1977, whichever occurred later. Mental disorder diagnoses (mood and anxiety, substance use and psychotic disorders) were identified in individuals, parents and grandparents from hospitalization and outpatient records. Cox proportional hazards regression models included sociodemographic characteristics, individual's comorbidity and mental disorder history in a grandparent, mother and father. Results: Of 109,359 individuals with no mental disorder prior to index date, 47.1% were female, 36.3% had a mental disorder during follow-up, and 90.9% had a parent or grandparent with a history of a mental disorder prior to the index date. Both paternal and maternal history of a mental disorder increased the risk of the disorder in individuals. Psychotic disorders had the strongest association with parental history and were mostly influenced by paternal (hazards ratio [HR] 3.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.99 to 4.64) compared to maternal history (HR 2.23, 95% CI, 1.89 to 2.64). Grandparent history was independently associated with the risk of all mental disorders but had the strongest influence on substance use disorders (HR 1.42, 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.50). Conclusions: Parental history of mental disorders was associated with an increased risk of all mental disorders. Grandparent history of mental disorders was associated with a small risk increase of the disorders above and beyond parental history influence. This three-generation study further highlights the need for family-based interventional programs in families affected by mental disorders. Plain Language Summary Title: The Intergenerational Transfer of Mental Illnesses Plain Language Summary: Objectives: Both genetics and environmental factors, such as poverty, maltreatment and parental education, have a role in the development of mental illnesses. Some genetic and environmental risk factors for mental illnesses are shared within families. We conducted a large study to test the extent to which mental illnesses are passed down through generations. Methods: This study used healthcare data from Manitoba, Canada captured during the delivery of healthcare services for administrative purposes. These data included all adults from 1977 to 2020 who had at least one parent and one grandparent with linked data. Mental illnesses were diagnosed in individuals, parents and grandparents by doctors during hospitalizations or physician visits. The illnesses included mood and anxiety, substance use, and psychotic illnesses. We estimated the likelihood of developing a mental illness when parents and/or grandparents had a mental illness as well. Results: The study included 109,359 individuals; a third developed a mental illness during the study period. The majority had a history of a mental illness in a parent or grandparent. We found that a history of mental illness in a mother and father increased the chance of developing the illness. Psychotic illnesses had the strongest relation with parental history. In particular, having a father with a psychotic illness increased the chance of developing the illness by four times. The likelihood of developing a mental illness was higher if a grandparent had a mental illness, above and beyond parental history influence, particularly for substance use disorders. Conclusions: Having a parent or grandparent with a mental illness increases an individual's chance of developing a mental illness. Family-based intervention programs are needed to support families affected by mental illnesses in coping with their heavy burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective was to evaluate mental disorders and addictive behaviours in gold miners treated in the psychiatry department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital in Burkina Faso. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study with retrospective recruitment of 174 patients over a 10-year period from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Results: The study population was exclusively male and predominantly young, with a mean age of 28.16 +/- 5.79 years. Most patients were single (59.8%) and had a low level of education (58.82%). Acute psychotic disorders (48.85%) and the mental and behavioral disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances (41.38%) were the most common. 78.73% of patients were users of psychoactive substances (PAS). The most used psychoactive substances were tobacco (75.28%), cannabis (62.64%), alcohol (48.27%) and tramadol (32.18%). Conclusion: The occurrence of mental disorders among gold miners has become a real public health problem in Burkina Faso, given the growing number of gold mining sites throughout the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EMI-ECO est une équipe mobile intervenant auprès des enfants âgés de moins de 12 ans confiés à l'aide sociale à l'enfance et qui a pour but un repérage/une évaluation des troubles du développement ou des troubles mentaux, une organisation des soins pour ces enfants mais aussi un travail partenarial avec l'ensemble des équipes prenant en charge ces jeunes (aide sociale a l'enfance, protection maternelle et infantile, Centre médico-psychologique/Centre médico-psycho-pédagogique). Les interventions sont intersectorielles dans une aire géographique correspondant aux intersecteurs de deux hôpitaux ayant créé l'équipe (AP–HM et CHS Valvert) soit le sud et l'est de Marseille, la Ciotat, Aubagne et Cassis. Ce territoire a été défini pour être cohérent et permettre une meilleure efficacité des interventions. Dans ce travail, nous présentons la mise en place et les premiers éléments d'activité d'un dispositif innovant, à savoir une équipe mobile intervenant au plus près du lieu de vie et dans l'écosystème des enfants confiés à l'aide sociale à l'enfance. Nous illustrerons également nos propos à travers deux cas cliniques d'enfants pris en charge par notre unité. La prise en charge de ces enfants implique un investissement réel du professionnel et un important travail de collaboration. Nous espérons que la présentation de notre dispositif permettra à d'autres équipes de s'en saisir et de l'adapter aux particularités de leur terrain d'intervention. EMI-ECO is a mobile team working with children under the age of 12 entrusted to the Children's Social Welfare Agency (Aide Sociale à l'Enfance). Its aim is to identify and assess developmental or mental disorders, organize care for these children and work in partnership with all the teams caring for these youngsters (Child Welfare Agency, Maternal and Child Protection, Centre médico-psychologique/Centre médico-psycho pédagogique). Intervention takes place across a geographical area corresponding to the intersectors of the two hospitals that created the team (AP–HM and CHS Valvert), i.e. the south and east of Marseille, La Ciotat, Aubagne and Cassis. This territory was defined to be coherent and to enable more effective interventions. In this work, we present the implementation and initial results of an innovative system, namely a mobile team working as close as possible to the living environment and ecosystem of children entrusted to the child welfare system. We will also illustrate our remarks with two clinical cases of children cared for by our unit. Caring for these children involves a real investment on the part of the professional and a major partnership effort. We hope that the presentation of our system will enable other teams to adopt it and adapt it to the particularities of their field of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TraHs - Trayectorias Humanas Trascontinentales is the property of Universite de Limoges and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El personal de salud a través del tiempo ha demostrado ser fundamental para la preservación del bienestar del ser humano; sin embargo, la formación que debe llevar para lograrlo no es la fórmula para alcanzar su salud propia. El presente trabajo pretende analizar las principales adversidades que experimentan los estudiantes de medicina durante su proceso de formación profesional, con el fin de motivar las reformas de los campos formativos. Es una investigación documental con información basada en la evidencia científica. Se encuentra que en México y América Latina son muchos los médicos que ingresan a la licenciatura en medicina, pero a la vez existe un porcentaje elevado que desertan, lo cual está relacionado con padecimientos que atentan directamente contra su integridad, como ansiedad, depresión, burnout, ideación suicida, adicciones y otras condicionantes económicas, familiares y sociales. Se encontraron índices de deserción hasta del 25%, que se sostienen o incluso se elevan con el paso del tiempo, por lo que se requiere atender esta problemática, sensibilizar a los diferentes sectores de la sociedad, pues el personal médico pese al cansancio o la sobrecarga, aun así, otorga la atención requerida por los usuarios y usuarias, muchas veces a costa de su bienestar propio.

Copyright of Sante Mentale au Quebec is the property of Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

No other class of drugs has caused as much of a stir in the last decade as sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) or gliflozines. At the latest since the SGLT-2i originally developed as a diabetes mellitus drug unexpectedly also showed protective effects for heart and kidney in pivotal studies, they are now the talk of the town. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms have not yet been clarified in all details, they have revolutionized therapeutic approaches for diabetes mellitus, heart failure independent of left ventricular ejection fraction, and nephropathies based on positive data available. The purpose of this article is to review the effects and postulated mechanisms of action of SGLT-2 inhibitors, particularly in heart failure and renal failure, and to outline their potential risks and side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article illustrates the procedures of the prescription model which came into force on July 1, 2022. The prescription model allows psychological psychotherapists to treat and bill patients referred to them by a physician as independent service providers via mandatory health insurance. The article describes the treatment process under the new model. It also points out the challenges when implementing the new model and identifies potential for better interprofessional collaboration between the prescribing doctor and the psychological psychotherapist in the treatment of their shared patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria is the property of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: mental disorders are a very common health condition and a major public health issue. The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients coming for consultation to the psychiatric department of the Regional Hospital of Gabes, and to identify risk factors for the main mental disorders. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study, including all patients consulting the psychiatry department of Gabes for the first time between 01/01/2010 and 31/12/2013. Diagnoses were classified according to the 10th reversion of the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD10). Results: one thousand one hundred and one consultation cases were included in this study. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.96. The average age of patients was 34 years (IQR=24-47.5 years), the median time between symptom onset and consultation to the psychiatric department was 1 year (IQR=3months-2 years). The three most common diagnosed were depressive disorders (21%), followed by schizophrenia (10.6%) and mental retardation (9.7%). Depressive disorders were significantly more common among female patients (p<0.001), married patients (p<0.001) and middle-aged adults (40-65 years) (p<0.001). The prevalence of these disorders was not significantly associated with either educational level, professional activity or socio-economic level. Conclusion: the knowledge of the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the most frequent mental disorders and factors associated with them would make it possible to better adapt the supply of care to the demand and to identify the needs in terms of mental health training in South-East Tunisia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Medical literature has shown that significant portions of the general population, including healthcare professionals, have a highly stigmatized view of mentally ill patients, which can lead to low quality health care and difficult access to treatment. To address this issue, we evaluated the mental health syllabus of a private medical school located in the capital city of a Southeastern Brazil State. That syllabus was conceived based on active educational methodology and in partnership with the local public mental health system, where all the practical academic activities took place. We conclude that the suggested model decreased stigmatization of the mentally ill among medical students and was positively evaluated by them. To achieve that goal, educational strategies had to be included that promote direct interaction of students with mentally ill patients and the beginning of medical school seems to be the right moment to offer this type of activity. This experience also showed that an efficient collaboration between the university and the Brazilian public health system may promote positive changes in mental health training of future Brazilian physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sante Mentale au Quebec is the property of Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, two distinct conceptualizations are available to classify, label and guide the treatment of psychiatric disorders: the diagnostic approach and the transdiagnostic approach. There are pros and cons to both approaches. We propose here to link these two conceptualizations by creating a two-level clinical model that takes advantages of both approaches, named the bifocal model (BFM). This two-tier clinical model consists of a double level of analysis: the first step is to identify transdiagnostic mechanisms involved in multiple disorders and then to recognize specific mechanisms identified in a given disorder or cluster of symptoms. Such a process would bring the diagnostic and transdiagnostic approaches together and offer a more flexible way to understand mental disorders and ultimately to improve medical outcomes., (Copyright © 2023 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The objective was to evaluate mental disorders and addictive behaviours in gold miners treated in the psychiatry department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital in Burkina Faso., Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study with retrospective recruitment of 174 patients over a 10-year period from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software., Results: The study population was exclusively male and predominantly young, with a mean age of 28.16 +/- 5.79 years. Most patients were single (59.8%) and had a low level of education (58.82%). Acute psychotic disorders (48.85%) and the mental and behavioral disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances (41.38%) were the most common. 78.73% of patients were users of psychoactive substances (PAS). The most used psychoactive substances were tobacco (75.28%), cannabis (62.64%), alcohol (48.27%) and tramadol (32.18%)., Conclusion: The occurrence of mental disorders among gold miners has become a real public health problem in Burkina Faso, given the growing number of gold mining sites throughout the country., (Le comité de rédaction se réserve le droit de renvoyer aux auteurs avant toute soumission à l'avis des lecteurs les manuscrits qui ne seraient pas conformes à ces modalités de présentation. En outre il leur conseille de conserver un exemplaire du manuscrit, des figures et des tableaux.)

Background: Promoting the cessation of smoking in mental healthcare is a priority of international health organizations as it is the most cost-effective intervention in psychiatry., Aim: To explore the representations of psychiatrists on their role in active smoking cessation prevention in severe psychiatric disorders., Methods: Psychiatrists and residents in psychiatry were recruited at a national level by professional mailings., Results: One thousand four hundred and sixty participants were included in the study, and only 46% reported actively promoting smoking cessation. In multivariate analyses, participants aged<35years were more likely to promote cessation of tobacco smoking, as well as the two thirds who believe that psychiatry is a systemic discipline with complex interactions between brain, body and mind. Almost two thirds of those promoting tobacco cessation reported lacking time to combine psychiatric and physical examination during one session. The psychiatrists who reported not promoting tobacco smoking cessation also reported never dealing with physical health in case of the absence of a general practitioner and thinking that physical examination may have a negative impact on the therapeutic relationship. Almost all (96%) reported promoting the need for a general practitioner for their patients. We found no significant difference between the public and private sectors (P>0.05)., Interpretation: Young psychiatrists are more prone than their elders to promote smoking cessation but report lacking time to include it in their daily practice. Promotion of tobacco smoking cessation should be included in the components for quality evaluation for mental health services and specific sessions dedicated to this intervention., (Copyright © 2021 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)