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IntroductionChildhood undernutrition is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and a high socio-economic burden.MethodsSupporting Pediatric GRowth and Health OUTcomes (SPROUT) is a randomized, controlled trial evaluating the effects of an oral nutritional supplement (ONS) with dietary counseling (DC; n = 164) compared to a DC-only group who continued consuming their habitual milk (n = 166; NCT05239208). Children aged 24–60 months who were at risk or with undernutrition, as defined by weight-for-age [WAZ]

Objective To investigate the hemostatic effect of transanal prostatic resectoscope technology on massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate biopsy. Methods From May 2016 to March 2022, 483 patients underwent transrectal prostate biopsy, 5 patients of them had hemodynamic deterioration due to massive rectal bleeding within 3 to 8 hours after operation. After active rehydration and blood transfusion, transanal prostatic resectoscope technology was applied to check the biopsy region and coagulate the active bleeding point. After hemostasis, the anal tube was retained for drainage for 24 to 72 hours and then removed. Results The average bleeding volume was about 440 mL (400 mL -1 000 mL) ; Average blood transfusion volume; RBC 2. 0 U/case, homoplasma 520 mL/case; The average operation time was 25 minutes (20-30 minutes) ; Rebleeding, local infection, hyponatremia and hypokalemia was not observed; The mean hospital stay was 4. 5 days (3-7 days) . Conclusion Transanal prostatic resectoscope technology is an effective method for rapid control of massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate biopsy. This method has obvious advantages in direct vision, clea vision, visible bleeding point, accurate and reliable hemostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of complex intestinal fistulas has been a challenge in general surgery. A complex fistula is defined as a fistula with more than one abnormal connection between the gastrointestinal tract and skin, or a fistula with multiple bowel loops. The present case report describes the minimally invasive treatment of a complex intestinal fistula. Briefly, a 51-year-old man presented with an intestinal fistula. Following adequate anti-infective drainage of the abdominal abscess, transurethral prostate resection instrumentation was used to flush and drain the intestinal drainage tubes. On reduction of leakage, a drainage tube was inserted into the intestinal tract to serve as an internal stent. Imaging confirmed the successful cessation of intestinal leakage and a satisfactory recovery. The drainage tube was removed under colonoscopy, restoring normal small intestine function. To summarize, after sufficient drainage, the leakage gradually decreased, promoting healing; the patient achieved full recovery upon removal of the internal stent via colonoscopy and the establishment of a small intestinal stoma. In conclusion, transurethral prostate resection instrumentation enables safe and minimally invasive placement of intestinal stents, ensuring effective drainage for managing intestinal fistulas., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Wang et al.)

Purpose: Negative emotions can cause people to make irrational decisions, and decision-making disorders may lead individuals who use methamphetamine (meth) to relapse. Therefore, the current study was performed to investigate whether emotion regulation (ER) can improve negative emotions and thus improve decision-making behavior of individuals who use meth., Method: Based on the Iowa Gambling Task, a three-factor mixed experimental design was used to examine the effects of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies on negative emotions and decision-making behaviors of 157 individuals who use meth., Results: Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were effective in reducing participants' negative emotions and improving decision-making behaviors. Specifically, two types of ER strategies were effective in improving decision-making abilities of participants with negative emotional distress, and cognitive reappraisal was more effective than expressive suppression., Conclusion: Regarding cognitive reappraisal, female participants showed better decision-making behavior than males, which predicts that females who use meth might be more adept at using cognitive reappraisal. This finding suggests that mental health providers should aid substance users in managing their negative emotions and also pay attention to gender differences during the nursing process. [ Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx (xx), xx-xx.].

Background: Ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is a reliable diagnostic procedure for prostate cancer diagnosis with minimal procedure-related trauma. However, complications, such as massive rectal bleeding may occur after the puncture. We hypothesized that using a transrectal resectoscope could help treat massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures., Aim: To identify a simple and effective treatment for massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures., Methods: Patients requiring treatment for massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures were included. A SIMAI resectoscope was inserted through the anus. Direct electrocoagulation was performed for superficial bleeding points. Part of the rectal mucosa or surface muscle layer was removed to expose deep bleeding points, followed by electrocoagulation. An electric cutting ring was used to compress and stop the bleeding for jet-like points before electrocoagulation. The fluid color in the drainage tube was monitored postoperatively for continuous bleeding., Results: Eight patients were included from 2012 to 2022. None of the patients with massive rectal bleeding after the transrectal prostate punctures improved with conventional conservative and blood transfusion treatments. Two patients had an inferior artery embolism, and digital subtraction angiography was ineffective. All patients received emergency transanal prostate resection, which immediately stopped the bleeding. Four days after the procedure, the patients had recovered and were discharged., Conclusion: Using a transanal prostate resection instrument is a simple, safe, and effective method for treating massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of etoposide combined with cyclophosphamide (EC) regimen for mobilization of autologous peripheral blood stem cells (APBSCs) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM)., Methods: The clinical data of 48 MM patients who received APBSC transplantation (APBSCT) in Department of Hematology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2015 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The mobilization success rate and mobilization optimal rate of EC regimen were counted, and its effect on transplant efficacy, adverse reactions, hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation, and survival time of MM patients were analyzed., Results: APBSCs were collected on day 14 (10-19) after EC administration. The median of collected CD34 + cells was 6.82 (1.27-22.57)×10 6 /kg, and the median number of apheresis session was 2 (1-4). The mobilization success rate (collecting CD34 + cells≥2×10 6 cells/kg after completion of apheresis) was 98% (47/48), and mobilization optimal rate (collecting CD34 + cells≥5×10 6 cells/kg after completion of apheresis) was 71% (34/48). The depth of remission were improved after APBSCT, and the complete remission (CR) rate increased from 45.8% before transplantation to 87.5% after transplantation ( P <0.01). There was no transplant-related death, no blood transfusion during mobilization, and no mucositis occurred in the patients. The most common complication was neutropenia, with an incidence of 75.0% (36/48). After transplantation, all the patients successfully achieved hematopoietic reconstitution. The median time to neutrophil engraftment was 10 (9-26) days, and median time to platelet engraftment was 10 (8-33) days. By the end of follow-up, both the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) time were not reached. The 5-year estimated PFS rate and OS rate was 53.8% and 82.4%, respectively., Conclusion: The EC regimen for mobilization of APBSC has a high acquisition success rate and controllable adverse reactions, which can be an effective and safe mobilization regimen in MM patients.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory clinical syndrome of uncontrolled immune response which results in hypercytokinemia due to underlying primary or secondary immune defect. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains the only cure therapy for primary HLH and recurrent/refractory hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Compared with children HLH, adult HLH is a much more heterogeneous syndrome requiring a more individualized protocol depending on the underlying trigger, disease severity and genetic background. At present, there remain controversies in various aspects including indications of haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), conditioning regimen, efficacy and prognosis. This article will review the recent advances of allo-HSCT in the treatment of adult HLH based on the above issues.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, distribution of pathogenic bacteria, and drug resistance of bloodstream infection in children with acute leukemia., Methods: Clinical data of 93 blood culture-positive children with acute leukemia from January 2015 to December 2019 in Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University were analyzed retrospectively., Results: In these 93 cases, 78 cases were in the period of neutrophil deficiency. There were 54 Gram-negative bacteria (G - ) (58.1%) found through blood culture, and the top 4 strains were Escherichia coli (15.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.5%), and Enterobacter cloacae (6.5%). There were 39 Gram-positive bacteria (G + ) (41.9%) detected, and the top 4 strains were Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.8%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (6.5%), Staphylococcus hemolyticus (5.4%), and Staphylococcus human (5.4%). Among 74 strains of pathogenic bacteria from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children, there were 29 strains of G + bacteria (39.2%) and 45 strains of G - bacteria (60.8%). While in 19 strains from acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients, G - bacteria accounted for 47.4% and G + bacteria accounted for 52.6%. In 15 ALL children without neutropenia, G + bacteria made up the majority of the strains (66.7%). In the 93 strains of pathogenic bacteria, 13 (13.9%) strains were multidrug-resistant. Among them, extended-spectrum β-lactamases accounted for 42.9%, carbapenemase-resistant enzyme Klebsiella pneumoniae 15.4%, and carbapenemase-resistant enzyme Enterobacter cloacae strains 33.3%, which were detected from G - bacteria. While, 13.3% of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci accounted for 13.3% detected from G + bacteria, but linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin Staphylococcus and Enterococcus resistant were not found. The average procalcitonin (PCT) value of G - bacteria infection was (11.02±20.282) ng/ml, while in G + infection it was (1.81±4.911) ng/ml, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in G - infection was (76.33±69.946) mg/L, and that in G + infection was (38.34±57.951) mg/L. The prognosis of active treatment was good, and only one case died of septic shock complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and gastrointestinal bleeding caused by carbapenemase-resistant enzyme enterobacteriaceae., Conclusion: G - is the major bacteria in acute leukemia children with bloodstream infection, but the distribution of ALL and AML strains is different. G - bacteria dominates in ALL, while G + bacteria and G - bacteria are equally distributed in AML. Non-agranulocytosis accompanied by bloodstream infections is dominant by G + bacteria. The mean value of PCT and CRP are significantly higher in G - bacteria infection than in G + bacteria.

We developed the radical cyclization/addition of alkynylphosphine oxides with easily available cycloalkanes, alcohols, and ethers using a visible-light and environmentally friendly synthetic strategy in the absence of photocatalyst at room temperature. This mild and metal- and base-free reaction provided a structurally varied set of significant benzo[ b ]phosphole oxides through sequential C-H functionalization in an atom-economical manner.