Search

Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the release effect of Luliconazole from different polymeric (Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic) microsponges prepared using varying concentrations. The best microsponge was selected and incorporated into different gel (Natural and synthetic) and drug release is determined and compared with marketed formulation. Methods: Polymers such as EC, HPMC, Eudragit RSPO and PVA as emulsifier, and solvent DCM is used as solvent. Microsponge were prepared by using the quasi emulsion solvent diffusion technique. FTIR was studied to estimate the incompatibility. Microsponges were evaluated for SEM, particle size, drug content, and In vitro diffusion studies. Optimized microsponge incorporated gel was prepared by using different gel (flax seed gel and Aerosil gel) were evaluated for pH, spreadability, extrudability, drug content and in vitro diffusion studies. Results: Theresults obtainedshowed no physical-chemical incompatibility between the drug and the polymers. EC, HPMC and EC combination was found to be a suitable polymer compared to Eudragit RSPO and other combination in preparation of microsponge. From the evaluation of microsponge, the optimized F1 formulations was incorporated into different gel (flax seeds, aerosil) and compared with marketed formulation in which MG-I (flax seed gel) was considered as good topical anti-fungal microsponge gel based on there physical parameters and drug release kinetics. Conclusion: Microsponge and microsponge gel were successfully prepared for Luliconazole and their evaluation studies of each dosage form revealed that topically applied microsponge gel possess immense potential to control the release rate of medicament to improve the bioavailability as well as patient compliance.

Cubosomes are the nanoparticles of bicontinuous, lyotropic cubic phases, comprised of curved lipid bilayers organized into a three-dimensional honeycomb (cavernous) like structures separating two internal aqueous channels and large interfacial area. Cubic phases are optically isotropic, very viscous, and solid-like (crystalline) with cubic crystallographic symmetry. They can encapsulate hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic drug substances, which are able to target and control the release of the bioactive agent. The cosmetic industry has made progress in the development of products to overcome skin as a barrier and deliver the actives through the skin effectively. Drug incorporated cubosomes shows some unique advantageous like, protection from chemical and physiological degradation, in vivo drug release in a controlled manner and improving the bioavailability of drug while reducing the side effect. Cubosomes are pharmacologically inactive, non-irritant, non-toxic, effective, and cosmetically acceptable. Topical drug delivery can deliver drugs selectively to the specific site; this avoids fluctuations of drug levels and improves patient compliance and suitable local and systemic therapeutic effects. Cubosomal topical drug formulation shows outstanding potential advantages for their controlled and sustained drug delivery. This review article mainly focuses on cosmetic and topical applications of cubosomes.

The transdermal drug delivery system is an alternative method of administration of drugs. Most of the drugs are delivered by conventional oral, topical, intravenous, and intramuscular methods and are is of limited efficiency. However, now the clinical use of transdermal delivery is limited because of stratum cornea of the skin act as an effective barrier that limits the permeation of drugs through the skin. To overcome this disadvantage, there are Recent developments in transdermal drug delivery, such as the usage of nanoparticles i.e., liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, nanoemulsion, virosomes, phytosomes, dendrimers, proniosomes, microneedles, and separable microneedles. This nanoparticulate transdermal drug delivery exhibits great potential to ensure drug permeation through the skin. They are very tiny carriers to detect by the immune system and further, they can be delivering the drug to the targeted site and also have the ability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs by reducing the complexity. Nanoparticles are made of different materials and they’re very different in structure and chemical properties are discussed in this review article.

Rapid dissolving oral film is the most advanced solid oral drug delivery system, that dissolve or disintegrate with in few seconds once placed in mouth without taking water or chewing. Drug directly reaches into systemic circulation therefore avoids first pass metabolism so bioavailability of medication may be improved. Now a days most of the pediatric, geriatric and dysphagia patients who find difficulty in swallowing, the rapid dissolving oral films often helps to overcome such type of complications. In terms of stability, handling, administration, and distribution, rapid dissolving oral films have grater advantages than tablet, capsules, or syrups. These compositions pharmacological activity is demonstrated by disintegration followed by dissolving. Hence disintegration has a major role for facilitating drug activity and thus gain popularity among other dosage forms. In this review, more importance is given on utilization of various super disintegrants comparing with other disintegrants. The different biological sources of super disintegrants (natural and synthetic), their properties, concentrations and modification to improves disintegration time are also high- lighted in this article.

Dental hygiene, also known as oral hygiene, is the process by which preventative dental care is provided to avoid dental emergencies. Despite remarkable reduction in the prevalence of dental caries in developed countries, dental caries is still a highly prevalent disease among children in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries and to assess the Effectiveness of Play Way Method of Teaching on Dental Hygiene among School Children. A school-based prevalence assessment of dental caries was done among 657, nine to twelve years old students studying in 4th to 7th class in a selected school. Modified DMFT [Decayed, Modified, Filled Teeth] indices check list (WHO criteria-1997) was used to collect relevant data. A Quasi-experimental study one group pre-test post-test design was chosen for this study. The study was carried out among 60 School Children Studying at St. Arnold’s High School, R.C.Puram, Hyderabad, Telangana. Samples were selected by proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Structured Knowledge Questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge on dental hygiene. The study adopted Ludwig Von Bertalanffy’s General System model. The study revealed that the mean percentage between pre-test and post-test 1 was 41.46% and post-test 1 and post-test 2 was 5.7%. The overall mean improvement percentage between pre-test and post-test 2 was 47.19%. The calculated paired ‘t’ value t = 14.734, t = 19.370 and t = 4.119 between pretest, post-test 1 and post-test 2 was found to be statistically highly significant at p, 0.001 level respectively. The calculated repeated measures ANOVA of F = 252.216 was found to be statistically highly significant at p

Breakfast is widely acknowledged to be the most important meal of the day. Children who habitually consume Breakfast are more likely to have favourable nutrient intakes including higher intake of dietary fibre, total carbohydrate and lower total fat and cholesterol. Main aim of the study was to evaluate the Effectiveness of Power Point Assisted Teaching regarding Breakfast Skipping among School Children. A Quasi Experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was considered appropriate for the study. 100 School Children were selected through random sampling technique. The data was collected by using Structured Knowledge Questionnaire. The major findings of the study revealed that pre-test mean Knowledge score (6.86), post-test mean Knowledge score (20.86) and the calculated ‘t’ value (60.37) was found to be significant at 0.05 levels. Hence it indicates that the Power Point Assisted Teaching was highly effective in improving Knowledge regarding Breakfast Skipping among School Children. The Chi-square test showed that there was significant association found with variables of Age, Educational status of Students, Occupational status of Father and Mother and Family income per month, rest of the variables were not significantly associated at 0.05 levels of significance. Hence research hypothesis (H2) was accepted. Education Programme using motivating interventions like Power Point Assisted Teaching for School Children was essential to sensitize them about the problems faced by Breakfast Skipping among School Children and the intervention that can be taken to render help to such Children.

Lipid dosage forms are the most preferred delivery system for hydrophobic drug molecules. Lipid dosage forms has many advantages of higher degree of biocompatibility and versatility and also lipid dosage form gained more importance in recent years because of their ability to improve the solubility and bioavailability of drugs with poor water solubility. Lipid formulation can be altered in various ways to provide wide range of product requirements as per the disease condition, route of administration, toxicity and efficacy. Lipid formulations are most reliable strategy for formulating pharmaceuticals, for topical, oral, pulmonary, or parenteral delivery. Due to their capability as therapeutic agents, ideally, these lipid-soluble drugs are incorporated into inert lipid carriers such as oil, surfactant dispersion, liposomes, emulsion etc. Emulsion is one of the known systems since many years. Pharmaceutical application of the emulsion is widely speeded after the microemulsion and nano emulsions appearance. Microemulsions are clear, stable and isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant. Emulsions and nano emulsions are not thermodynamically stable, compared with microemulsions. The main objective of this review paper is to discuss about the effect of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant on the microemulsions.

Microsponge a drug delivery system, possesses the versatility to load a wide range of active ingredients due large surface area. it facilitates controlled release of active ingredients and reduces systemic exposure and adverse effect. microsponges are polymeric sponges that consist of interconnecting voids with a flexible structure with a porous surface. Microsponge delivery techniques provides extended product stability, enhanced safety, enhanced formulation flexibility, product efficacy and aesthetic appeal with reduced adverse effects. It is regarded as safe, due to less bacterial contamination as it doesn’t require preservatives in the formulation. Therefore it is used in various sterile formulations like ophthalmic, parenteral etc. This review provides an overview of microsponge technology with its methodology, mechanism, programmable release, characterization and recent data on marketed formulations, their applications, and the list of patents, evaluation and application of microsponges in various aspects. Microsponge are frequently used for topical application but recently used for oral also.