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Background: Patient monitoring devices are critical for alerting of potential cardiac arrhythmias during hospitalization; however, there are concerns of alarm fatigue due to high false alarm rates., Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and false alarm rate of hospital-based continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring technologies., Methods: Six commonly used multiparameter bedside monitoring systems available in the United States were evaluated: B125M (GE HealthCare), ePM10 and iPM12 (Mindray), Efficia and IntelliVue (Philips), and Life Scope (Nihon Kohden). Sensitivity was tested using ECG recordings containing 57 true ventricular tachycardia (VT) events. False-positive rate testing used 205 patient-hours of ECG recordings containing no cardiac arrhythmias. Signals from ECG recordings were fed to devices simultaneously; high-severity arrhythmia alarms were tracked. Sensitivity to true VT events and false-positive rates were determined. Differences were assessed using Fisher exact tests (sensitivity) and Z -tests (false-positive rates)., Results: B125M raised 56 total alarms for 57 annotated VT events and had the highest sensitivity (98%; P <.05), followed by iPM12 (84%), Life Scope (81%), Efficia (79%), ePM10 (77%), and IntelliVue (75%). B125M raised 20 false alarms, which was significantly lower ( P <.0001) than iPM12 (284), Life Scope (292), IntelliVue (304), ePM10 (324), and Efficia (493). The most common false alarm was VT, followed by nonsustained VT., Conclusion: We found significant performance differences among multiparameter bedside ECG monitoring systems using previously collected recordings. B125M had the highest sensitivity in detecting true VT events and lowest false alarm rate. These results can assist in minimizing alarm fatigue and optimizing patient safety by careful selection of in-hospital continuous monitoring technology., (© 2024 Heart Rhythm Society.)

Here, we present a protocol for optogenetic dephosphorylation of the phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P 2 at the plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes. We first describe the co-injection of oocytes with cRNAs encoding (1) a light-activated PI(4,5)P 2 5-phosphatase fusion protein, (2) its dimerization partner fused to the plasma membrane, and (3) the potassium channel reporter for PI(4,5)P 2 dephosphorylation. We then detail blue light illumination to induce PI(4,5)P 2 dephosphorylation, combined with simultaneous two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiological recording to assess potassium channel current responses. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Xu et al. (2022). 1 ., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)