Search

The article compares the reproductive qualities of sows GGP, GP and P breeding levels in terms of industrial technology of pork production for different variants of their breeding. It is established that sows of maternal genotypes of Great White and Landrace breeds of Irish origin have a high level of reproductive qualities at all levels of the breeding pyramid in the industrial complex of the steppe zone of Ukraine. It is proved that sows of large white and landrace breeds in their purebred breeding gave birth to 32.1-35.2% more piglets, had higher by 35.9-37.5% fertility, less by 5.1- 6.4% share non-viable piglets in the nest at birth, increased by 11.4 -11.9% of the nest weight of piglets at birth and increased by 31.6% the number of piglets in the nest at weaning compared to their purebred counterparts of the synthetic terminal line Max Gro. At the same time, they were inferior to the latter in terms of high fertility by 22.0-29.2%, preservation by 5.9-6.8%, dew intensity of suckling piglets by 12.5-15.4% and as a result the weight of one piglet at weaning in 28 days by 14.2-18.8%. According to the complex of reproductive traits, sows of maternal genotypes were naturally better by 12.4-32.4% than their paternal counterparts. When comparing the reproductive qualities of sows of great white and Landrace breeds of GGP level (for purebred breeding) and their counterparts for GP level (for direct and reverse crossing), the advantages of GP level animals in the total number of born piglets by 2.1%, in fertility by 2.8%, by high fertility by 1.7%, by weight of nests of piglets at birth by 2.2%, by number of piglets at weaning by 4.1%, average weight of piglets at weaning by 1.3%, average weight of nests of piglets at weaning by 4.6%, the growth rate of piglets in the suckling period by 1.3%. At the same time, for the number of non-viable piglets and the safety of piglets before weaning, no significant difference was found between animals of these groups. A comprehensive assessment of the reproductive performance of GP sows using the SIVYAS index and the index with a limited number of traits showed the advantage of animals of this level over their counterparts with GGP level by 2.8-3.3%. It was found that local sows P level ♀VB × ♂L and ♀L × ♂ VB when inseminated with sperm boars of synthetic terminal line Max Gro predominated GP animals by 2.1% of the total number of piglets at birth, by 5.1% for high fertility, 2.3% -3.2% by number of piglets at weaning, 2.8% by weight of one head at weaning, 3.7% by weight of nest of piglets at weaning and 2.3% by growth rate piglets in the suckling period. At the same time, they were inferior to their GP counterparts by 2.7-3.3% in terms of the share of non-viable piglets and 0.6% in terms of fertility. A comprehensive assessment of the reproductive qualities of sows using the SIVYAS index and the index of reproductive qualities of sows with a limited number of traits did not reveal significant differences between sows P and GP levels. When comparing sows P and GGP levels (ma ternal form) found their advantages in the total number of piglets at birth by 3.9%, in fertility by 2.2%, in high fertility by 6.8%, in nest weight of piglets at birth by 6 , 3%, the safety of piglets before weaning by 1.7% -2.0%, the number of piglets weaned by 5.7% -6.5%, the weight of one head at weaning by 4.2%, live nest weight of piglets at weaning by 8.5%, the growth rate of piglets in the suckling period by 3.5%, but they have a 0.3% -2.7% lower proportion of non-viable piglets. According to a comprehensive assessment of sows using the SIVYAS index and the index of reproductive qualities of sows with a limited number of traits, the advantage of sows P level over GGP by 3.9% and 3.3%, respectively. P-level sows outperformed analogues of the Max Gro synthetic line in the total number of piglets at birth by 34.2%, in multiplicity by 59.1%, in nest weight of piglets at birth by 27.8%, in the number of piglets at weaning by 54.1%, by live weight of piglets' nests when weaned by 8.5%. But in the nests of sows of the synthetic line Max Gro found 4.2% higher share of non-viable piglets, 25.8% high fertility, 4.6%, survival of piglets before weaning, 11.8% weight of one head at weaning, 8.8% growth rate of piglets in the suckling period. According to a comprehensive assessment of sows using the SIVYAS index and the index of reproductive qualities of sows with a limited number of traits, the advantage of sows P level over GGP by 25.9 and 31.8%, respectively.

The aim of the article was to study the dependence of reproductive qualities of sows of Irish origin and growth intensity of their piglets on the influence of technological and design parameters of the microclimate system in the farrowing room. The material of the study was the F 1 sows of the Hermitage Genetics maternal line, which were reared in two sections for farrowing of identical planning, identical construction execution and engineering and technical support, except for the microclimate creation and maintenance systems installed in them. The sows of the control group were kept under the classical valve-type ventilation system, and the sows of the experimental group were kept under the geothermal ventilation system. The analysis of reproductive indicators of the experimental population was carried out using generally accepted statistical methods, one way analysis of variance, evaluation index for a limited number of traits, selection index of reproductive qualities of sows. At the end of the experiment and based on the evaluation of data, it was found that the productivity of sows whose farrowing took place in rooms with geothermal microclimate system, were significantly higher during the study period in the number of piglets at weaning – by 0.70 heads or 5.58% (p ≤ 0.001), their safety – by 4.49% (p ≤ 0.05) and the weight of the nest at weaning – by 2.91 kg or 4.23% (p ≤ 0.05) relative to peers kept in sections for farrowing with the classic valve type of microclimate system. The method of factor analysis of variance allowed to identify a statistically significant effect of the type of microclimate system on these indicators, namely: the number of piglets at weaning with an impact force of 2.01%, the safety of piglets – with an impact force of 2.03% and on the weight of the nest of piglets at weaning – with a force of influence within 2.01%. The results of the evaluation of the reproductive qualities of pigs showed the predominance of livestock kept under geothermal ventilation, both for the use of the evaluation index – by 1.31 points, and for the use of the selection index of reproductive qualities – by 1.33 points. No statistically significant difference between sows and piglets kept under different microclimate systems on indicators such as total number of piglets at birth, number of stillborn piglets, proportion of stillborn piglets, fertility, high fertility, weight of one head at weaning, absolute gain, average daily yield has not been established.

The sex dependence of the productivity of surgically and immunologically castrated pigs was investigated during the suckling period, under the liquid feeding method and during the growth and fattening period under the dry feeding method commonly used in Ukraine. During the suckling period, no difference was found between castrated and non-castrated piglets in terms of average daily and absolute weight gain and, consequently, piglet weight at weaning. At the same time, the maintenance of the piglets in the group of castrated boars was 2.6 % worse than in the group of uncastrated boars. During rearing, uncastrated boars consumed 3.8 % more feed, had a 5.2 % higher growth rate, resulting in 5.2 higher absolute weight gain over 51 days of rearing, 4.3 % higher mass at the end of rearing and 4.2 % better coma utilisation, but had a 0.2 % higher proportion of dead animals and 66.7 % higher weight compared to surgically castrated piglets. During fattening, immunocastrated male pigs had a 5.1 % higher growth rate, reached a market weight of 120 kg 3.6 earlier, had 5.1 % higher absolute weight gains and a 4.9 % higher animal weight at the end of the fattening period. With the same daily feed consumption, they had a 4.6 % better feed payment in stages and a 15.8 % higher overall index of fattening quality. At the same time, this group of pigs showed a 41.6 % higher piglet loss and thus a 0.6 % lower survival rate, but a 14.7 % lower weight of the excreted animals compared to the surgically castrated animals and their counterparts. During the rearing and fattening period, immunocastrated pigs consumed 0.8 % more feed, grew 5.2 % faster, had a 4.2 % better feed conversion ratio and 5.2 % higher absolute weight gain, but a 0.8 % higher proportion of excreted animals and a 0.6 lower survival rate compared to surgically castrated animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]