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Objetivo: Enfermedades como la obesidad y el cáncer pueden alterar la cicatrización de las heridas. Las células madre derivadas del tejido adiposo (ASC) abren un nuevo campo de investigación ya que muchos estudios han demostrado su utilidad y alto grado de seguridad para la reparación de heridas debido a sus propiedades inmunomoduladoras y de regeneración tisular. El propósito de este estudio es determinar el impacto de la obesidad y el cáncer en el potencial terapéutico de las ASCs. Material y métodos: Aislamos y caracterizamos el fenotipo, la capacidad de diferenciación, el secretoma y la capacidad de migración in vitro de las ASC. Asimismo, analizamos la capacidad de migración in vitro asociada al plasma de los diferentes pacientes. Resultados: Observamos que las ASC aisladas de pacientes obesos y con cáncer tienen el mismo fenotipo, proliferación celular y capacidades de migración que las ASCaisladas de donantes sanos. Sin embargo, no tienen el mismo potencial de diferenciación y exhiben perfiles distintos de citoquinas secretadas tanto proinflamatorias como reguladoras. Conclusiones: Consideramos que las ASC de pacientes con obesidad o cáncer están levemente alteradas. Esta puede ser la causa de una peor cicatrización de las heridas en este tipo de pacientes.

Abstract Objectives While much of the research concerning factors associated with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has focussed on the contributions of conventional peptide‐specific T cells, the role of unconventional T cells, such as mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, in human melanoma remains largely unknown. MAIT cells are an abundant population of innate‐like T cells expressing a semi‐invariant T‐cell receptor restricted to the MHC class I‐like molecule, MR1, presenting vitamin B metabolites derived from bacteria. We sought to characterise MAIT cells in melanoma patients and determined their association with treatment responses and clinical outcomes. Methods In this prospective clinical study, we analysed the frequency and functional profile of circulating and tumor‐infiltrating MAIT cells in human melanoma patients. Using flow cytometry, we compared these across metastatic sites and between ICI responders vs. non‐responders as well as healthy donors. Results We identified tumor‐infiltrating MAIT cells in melanomas across metastatic sites and found that the number of circulating MAIT cells is reduced in melanoma patients compared to healthy donors. However, circulating MAIT cell frequencies are restored by ICI treatment in responding patients, correlating with treatment responses, in which patients with high frequencies of MAIT cells exhibited significantly improved overall survival. Conclusion Our results suggest that MAIT cells may be a potential predictive marker of responses to immunotherapies and provide rationale for testing MAIT cell‐directed therapies in combination with current and next‐generation ICIs.

Background: Surgery is the primary treatment that can offer potential cure for gastric cancer, but is associated with significant risks. Identifying optimal surgical approaches should be based on comparing outcomes from well designed trials. Currently, trials report different outcomes, making synthesis of evidence difficult. To address this, the aim of this study was to develop a core outcome set (COS)--a standardized group of outcomes important to key international stakeholders--that should be reported by future trials in this field. Methods: Stage 1 of the study involved identifying potentially important outcomes from previous trials and a series of patient interviews. Stage 2 involved patients and healthcare professionals prioritizing outcomes using a multilanguage international Delphi survey that informed an international consensus meeting at which the COS was finalized. Results: Some 498 outcomes were identified from previously reported trials and patient interviews, and rationalized into 56 items presented in the Delphi survey. A total of 952 patients, surgeons, and nurses enrolled in round 1 of the survey, and 662 (70 per cent) completed round 2. Following the consensus meeting, eight outcomes were included in the COS: disease-free survival, disease-specific survival, surgery-related death, recurrence, completeness of tumour removal, overall quality of life, nutritional effects, and 'serious' adverse events. Conclusion: A COS for surgical trials in gastric cancer has been developed with international patients and healthcare professionals. This is a minimum set of outcomes that is recommended to be used in all future trials in this field to improve trial design and synthesis of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Antireflux surgery is commonly associated with significant recurrence and complication rates, and several surgical techniques have been proposed to minimize them. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of a fundoplication with extensive dissection of the esophagogastric junction 1 and 3 years after the procedure., Methods: Retrospective observational study including 178 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease or hiatal hernia who underwent fundoplication with extensive dissection of the esophagogastric junction between 2015 and 2020. Hernia recurrence, symptoms and quality of life at 1 and 3 years after surgery were assessed by barium transit, endoscopy and questionnaires for symptoms and quality of life (GERD-HRQL)., Results: Heartburn rate was 7.5% and 10.7% at 1 and 3 years respectively, regurgitation 3.8% and 6.9% and dysphagia was 3.7% and 7.6%. The presence of hiatal hernia was evident preoperatively in 55.1% and in 7.8% and 9.6% at follow-up and the median GERD-HRQL scale was 27, 2 and 0 respectively. There were no cases of slippage of the fundoplication or symptoms suggestive of vagal injury. No differences were found when comparing the different types of fundoplication in terms of reflux and recurrence or complications., Conclusions: Fundoplication with extensive dissection of the esophagogastric junction contributes to correct positioning and better anchorage of the fundoplication, which is associated with low rates of hiatal hernia and reflux recurrence, as well as absence of slippage and lower possibility of vagal injury., (Copyright © 2023 AEC. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective. The aims of this study are to compare 2 origins of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (omentum and subcutaneous) from 2 pathologies (morbid obesity and cancer) vs healthy donors. Adipose tissue has revealed to be the ideal MSC source. However, in developing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for clinical use, it is important to consider the effects of different fat depots and also the effect of donor variability. Methods. We isolated and characterized the membrane markers and differentiation capacities of ASCs obtained from patients with these diseases and different origin. During the culture period, we further analysed the cells' proliferation capacity in an in vitro assay as well as their secretome. Results. Adipose-derived stem cells isolated from obese and cancer patients have mesenchymal phenotype and similar cell proliferation as ASCs derived from healthy donors, some higher in cells derived from subcutaneous fat. However, cells from these 2 types of patients do not have the same differentiation potential, especially in cancer patients from omentum, and exhibit distinct secretion of both pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines, which could explain the differences in use due to origin as well as pathology associated with the donor. Conclusion. Subcutaneous and omentum ASCs are slightly different; omentum generates fewer cells but with greater anti-inflammatory capacity. Adipose-derived stem cells from patients with either obesity or cancer are slightly altered, which limits their therapeutic properties.

Objective: Certain diseases such as obesity and cancer can cause impaired wound healing. Adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) are a novel field of research. Many studies have evidenced their high degree of safety and potential for wound repair due to their immunomodulatory and tissue-regeneration properties. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of obesity and cancer on the therapeutic potential of ASCs., Materials and Methods: We isolated and characterized the phenotype, differentiation capacities, secretome, and in vitro migration capacities of ASCs. Furthermore, we analyze their capacity of in vitro migration associated with the plasma of the different patients., Results: We observed that ASCs isolated from obese and cancer patients have the same phenotype, cell proliferation, and migration capacities as ASCs derived from healthy donors. However, they do not have the same differentiation potential and exhibit distinct profiles of both pro-inflammatory and regulatory secreted cytokines, which, together with the signals received from the bloodstream, could account for the impaired healing in patients with these diseases., Conclusions: We consider the ASCs from patients with either obesity or cancer are slightly altered, and this may be the cause of worse wound healing in these patients., (Copyright: © 2022 Permanyer.)