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CD8+ T cells are the workhorses executing adaptive anti-tumour response, and targets of various cancer immunotherapies. Latest advances have unearthed the sheer heterogeneity of CD8+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, and made it increasingly clear that the bulk of the endogenous and therapeutically induced tumour-suppressive momentum hinges on a particular selection of CD8+ T cells with advantageous attributes, namely the memory and stem-like exhausted subsets. A scrutiny of the contemporary perception of CD8+ T cells in cancer and the subgroups of interest along with the factors arbitrating their infiltration contextures, presented herein, may serve as the groundwork for future endeavours to probe further into the regulatory networks underlying their differentiation and migration, and optimise T cell-based immunotherapies accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fire in the cargo compartment has a major impact on civil aviation flight safety, and according to the airworthiness clause of the CCAR-25, the detector must sound an alarm within 1 min of a fire in the cargo compartment. As for the cargo compartment of large transport aircrafts, the internal space is high and open, and the smoke movement speed becomes slower with significant cooling in the process of diffusion. Hysteresis can occur in smoke detectors because of their internal labyrinth structure, which causes the detector's internal and external response signals to be out of sync. This research employs a numerical simulation to examine the detector response parameters under an ambient wind speed of 0.1–0.2 m/s and fits a Cleary two-stage hysteresis model, where τ1= 0.09u−1.43 and τ2= 0.67u−1.59. Finally, multiple full-scale cargo cabin experiments were conducted to validate the prediction model. The results show that the model's predicted alarm range is 43.1 s to 49.0 s, and the actual alarm time obtained by the experiment falls within this interval, confirming the model's accuracy and providing theoretical support for the structural design and layout of the aircraft cargo cabin smoke detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a subclass of noncoding RNAs, circular RNA play an important role in tumour development. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circ_0004674 in osteosarcoma glycolysis and the molecular mechanism of its regulation. We examined the expression of circ_0004674, miR‐140‐3p, TCF4 and glycolysis‐related proteins (including HK2, PKM2, GLUT1 and LDHA) in osteosarcoma cells and tissues by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting (Western blot analysis). The role of circ_0004674, miR‐140‐3p and TCF4 in the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of OS cells was examined using CCK8 assay, Apoptosis assay, Wound healing assay, Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assay. The interaction of circ_0004674/miR‐140‐3p and miR‐1543/TCF4 was also analysed using a dual luciferase reporter assay. Finally, the glycolytic process was assessed by glucose uptake assays and lactate production measurements. The results showed that the expression of circ_0004674 and TCF4 was significantly higher in MG63 and U2OS cells compared to hFOB1.19 cells, while the expression of miR‐140‐3p was downregulated. Silencing of circ_0004674 gene significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells and promoted apoptosis of cancer cells. Experiments such as dual luciferase reporter analysis showed that circ_0004674 regulates the expression of glycolysis‐related proteins through the miR‐140‐3p/TCF4 pathway, and inhibition of this gene attenuated the depletion of glucose content and the production of lactate in cancer cells. Furthermore, inhibition of miR‐140‐3p or overexpression of TCF could reverse the phenotypic changes in cancer cells induced by circ_0004674 silencing. In summary, this study elucidated the specific function and potential mechanisms of circ_0004674 in osteosarcoma glycolysis. The findings demonstrate that miR‐140‐3p and TCF4 function respectively as a tumor suppressor gene and an oncogene in osteosarcoma. Notably, they influence glycolysis and associated pathways, regulating osteosarcoma proliferation. Therefore, circ_0004674 promotes osteosarcoma glycolysis and proliferation through the miR‐140‐3p/TCF4 pathway, enhancing the malignant behaviour of tumours, and it is expected to be a potential molecular target for osteosarcoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ideal DNA‐encoded library (DEL) selection requires the library to consist of diverse core skeletons and cover chemical space as much as possible. However, the lack of efficient on‐DNA synthetic approaches toward core skeletons has greatly restricted the diversity of DEL. To mitigate this issue, this work disclosed a "Mask & Release" strategy to streamline the challenging on‐DNA core skeleton synthesis. N‐phenoxyacetamide is used as a masked phenol and versatile directing group to mediate diversified DNA‐compatible C‐H functionalization, introducing the 1st‐dimensional diversity at a defined site, and simultaneously releasing the phenol functionality, which can facilitate the introduction of the 2nd diversity. This work not only provides a set of efficient syntheses toward DNA‐conjugated drug‐like core skeletons such as ortho‐alkenyl/sulfiliminyl/cyclopropyl phenol, benzofuran, dihydrobenzofuran but also provides a paradigm for on‐DNA core skeleton synthetic method development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfuric acid curing and leaching is a promising technology for treating refractory ores. In this work, a refractory concentrate containing 3191 ppm uranium (U), 2135 ppm niobium (Nb), and 0.7% rare earth minerals (REMs) went through two stages: curing by high-concentration H2SO4 and leaching by low-concentration H2SO4. We investigated the behavior of those valuable metals during the two stages. For both curing and leaching, the operating parameters include the acid-to-solid ratio, time, temperature, and H2SO4 concentration. The recovery for U, Nb, and REMs was as high as 95%, 86%, and 73.5% using a curing acid-to-solid ratio of 1:1, curing temperature of 200 °C, curing time of 1 h, H2SO4 concentration of 98%, leaching liquid-to-solid ratio of 4:1, leaching time of 2 h, leaching temperature of 60 °C, and leaching H2SO4 concentration of 5 g/L. A "sulfuric acid curing–leaching-U extraction by N235–Nb recovery by resin adsorption–REMs' recovery by resin adsorption" method was implemented, where the overall U, Nb, and REMs' recovery reached 93.1%, 84.5%, and 69.6%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unique green method has been established by employing gem-difluorocyclopropylenes as versatile building blocks, leading to the chemodivergent formation of diverse fluorinated heterocyclic frameworks including cyclopropapyrazolopyridines, indolizines, 2-fluoro-3-aryl-3-(heteroaryl)acrylamides etc. These conversions feature ultrasonic vibration-assisted solvent-free 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, photo-induced rearrangement and mild reduction, providing a highly efficient synthetic route for the assembly of intriguing fluorine-containing compounds with good chemo-/stereo-selectivity and substrate compatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]