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Shengli Oilfield is a typical continental compound oil and gas area with various reservoir types， many oil-bearing strata， and complex fault systems. It entered the extra-high water cut development stage with a water cut of more than 90% in the early 90s of the 20th century. The basis for enhanced oil recovery in mature oilfields with high water cuts is how to accurately characterize the changes of underground reservoirs and accurately recognize the remaining oil according to different types of reservoirs and development stages. To this end， the oilfield has carried out the fine reservoir description for the remaining oil potential in mature oilfields since 1996. A set of fine reservoir description technologies aligning with Shengli Oilfield characteristics has been formed through breakthroughs in critical technologies such as the fine characterization of reservoir architectures， fine description of low-sequence faults， phase division and connectivity evaluation of glutenites， prediction of thin beach dam sand reservoirs， three-dimensional geological modeling， and the fine description of the remaining oil， as well as multiple rounds of iterations of reservoir description technologies， and the technical specifications of fine reservoir description have been compiled. As of 2023， more than 600 development units have been described， covering 43.6 × 108 t of original oil in place. The modeling technology has been widely used in the adjustment of mature areas and the scheme preparation of new areas， which effectively supports the large-scale production of oilfields and stable production with benefits. This paper systematically analyzed the development process of reservoir description technologies in Shengli Oilfield， summarized the characteristic technologies of different types of reservoirs， analyzed five challenges faced by fine reservoir description in mature oilfields in the late stage of extra-high water cut， and expounded on five development directions of reservoir description technologies in the next step， which had guiding and reference significance for promoting fine reservoir description technologies in continental oilfields.

Objective To analyze the differential expressed genes (DEGs) in the lung tissues of rat model of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) by using microarray analysis in order to provide new clues for molecular mechanism of HAPE. Methods Healthy male SD rats (8 weeks old, weighing 200±20 g) were randomized into normoxia control (NC) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, hypoxia group and hypoxia +low-dose LPS (HL) group. The rats of the LPS group and HL group were injected with 0.1 mL 0.05% LPS per 100 g body weight, and those of the NC group and the hypoxia group were administered with an equivalent volume of normal saline. The rats of the hypoxia group and the HL group were housed in a hypobaric chamber simulating an altitude of 5 000 m, and those of the NC group and the LPS group were raised simultaneously outside of the chamber. The wet/dry mass ratio (WDR) of lung tissue and total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, and the histopathological changes of lung tissue was observed using HE staining. The total RNA was extracted from the lung tissues, and the mRNA expression profile was obtained with Affymetrix microarray followed by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis with Metascape (http://metascape.org). Results The rats of the HL group showed significant congestion, edema, and widened alveolar septa. Compared with the NC group, the HL group had significantly increased lung WDR (P

The γ-linolenic acid (GLA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid with three double bonds, has attracted much attention due to its numerous biological properties. Borage, evening primrose, and blackcurrant are the primary sources of GLA, while algae and fungi constitute the majority of microbial sources. Existing GLA separation and purification technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages. A single enrichment method can not meet the requirements for high-purity GLA. The comprehensive use of different methods and the combination of modern separation and extraction technology could be the methods for preparing GLA in the future. Simultaneously, numerous studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of GLA in the body’s metabolism and physiological control, as well as its efficacy in blood lipids, antithrombotic cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. Further research is necessary to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of action. This review of GLA sources, enrichment methods,metabolic pathways and physiological efficacy in humans could provide theoretical support for GLA as a functional health food for the prevention of multiple chronic diseases.

Objective The MS 6.8 earthquake that struck Luding County, Sichuan Province, on September 5, 2022, and its aftershocks have drawn widespread attention, especially concerning the potential risks of induced seismicity associated with the construction of high-dam reservoirs in regions with high seismic intensity. Previous studies have explored the possible link between reservoirs and seismic activity, without reaching a definitive conclusion. This study aims to assess the impact of water storage in the Dagangshan Reservoir on the surrounding strata and its correlation with recent seismic events. Methods Numerical simulation methods were employed using high-precision digital elevation model (DEM) data, fault data, and reservoir water level information to develop a three-dimensional poroelastic finite element numerical model extending from the surface to a depth of 25 km. By analyzing the hydrogeological conditions, lithology of rock masses, and groundwater dynamic changes, this study evaluated the seismic hazard risk of major faults, such as the Moxi Fault, and calculated variations in Coulomb stress and strata pore pressure at the hypocenter during the occurrence of the earthquake. Results The study indicates that, during the MS 6.8 Luding earthquake on September 5, 2022, the pore pressure at the epicenter reached 5 kPa, and the Coulomb stress increased by 3.6 kPa, suggesting that the impoundment of the Dagangshan Reservoir contributed to an increased risk along the Moxi Fault on the northwestern side of the reservoir. Using the source parameters of the MS 5.6 aftershock that occurred on January 26, 2023, it was observed that the impoundment caused a change in Coulomb stress at the epicenter of -0.69 kPa and a pore pressure of approximately 0.32 kPa. It is evident that the reservoir impoundment had a relatively minor impact on the fault activity where the MS 5.6 aftershock occurred and even exhibited a certain inhibitory effect. Moreover, seismic activity was mainly concentrated in two areas on the western side of the reservoir, with both the seismicity and expected magnitudes in these regions reflecting a higher risk of earthquakes. Conclusion This study demonstrates a correlation between the impoundment activities of the Dagangshan Reservoir and the occurrence of the Luding County earthquake and its aftershocks. The spatial distribution characteristics of the earthquakes align with the geological stress adjustment patterns following the reservoir impoundment, which played a promotive role in the occurrence of the MS 6.8 main shock, leading to an increased risk of earthquakes in the Moxi Fault region. This finding is significant for understanding the mechanisms of reservoir-induced earthquakes, subsequent aftershock analyses, and earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. Significance The results of this study provide new insights into the complex relationship between reservoir water storage and seismic events. This study offers a scientific basis for future assessments of seismic risks of reservoir design and operation, contributing to improved accuracy in earthquake early warnings and efficiency in disaster prevention and mitigation efforts.

The effects of heavy fuel oil and biodiesel blends on engine combustion and emissions were studied in a marine two-stroke diesel engine. The engine was operated under propeller conditions using five different fuels with biodiesel blends of 10% (B10), 30% (B30), 50% (B50), and sulphur contents of 0.467% low sulphur fuel oil (LSFO) and 2.9% high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO). Tests have shown that using a biodiesel blend increases the engine fuel consumption due to its lower calorific value. Heavy fuel oil has a high Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) content, which leads to higher exhaust temperatures due to severe afterburning in the engine. A comparison of engine soot emissions under different fuel conditions was carried out, and it was found that the oxygen content in biodiesel promoted the oxidation of soot particles during the combustion process, which reduced the soot emissions of biodiesel. Compared to HSFO, B10, B30, B50 and LSFO, the soot emission concentrations were reduced by 50.2%, 56.4%, 61% and 37.4%, respectively. In our experiments, the soot particles in the engine exhaust were sampled with a thermal float probe. Using Raman spectroscopy analysis, it was found that as the biodiesel ratio increased, the degree of carbonisation of the soot particles in the exhaust became less than that in the oxygenation process, resulting in a decrease in the degree of graphitisation.

In order to improve the quality and reduce the loss of the nutritional content of camellia oil with the traditional press, this paper studied the process of pressing Camellia Oleifera Seeds with 10t/d Twin-Screw Oil Press. The results demonstrated that the best conditions for this article were: 9% moisture content of Camellia Oleifera seed kernels and 8% content of Camellia oleifera seed shell. The oil content of Camellia oleifera seed cake was reduced to 2.49%, and the produced camellia oil could meet the standard of first -class oil. In comparison to the camellia oil sold on the market, the retention rate of α-tocopherol in the camellia oil obtained through this process was higher, and the nutritional value of camellia oil has been further improved, which could provide technical guidance for the high-value processing of camellia oil in China.

Two-stroke, low-speed diesel engines are widely used in large ships due to their good performance and fuel economy. However, there have been few studies of the effects of lubricating oils on the vibration of two-stroke, low-speed diesel engines. In this work, the effects of three different lubricating oils on the vibration characteristics of a low-speed engine are investigated, using the frequency domain, time-frequency domain, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) methods. The results show that non-invasive condition monitoring of the wear to a cylinder liner in a low-speed marine engine can be successfully achieved based on vibration signals. Both the FFT and STFT methods are capable of capturing information about combustion in the cylinder online in real time, and the STFT method also provides the ability to visualise the results with more comprehensive information. From the online condition monitoring of vibration signals, cylinder lubricants with medium viscosity and medium alkali content are found to have the best wear protection properties. This result is consistent with those of an elemental analysis of cylinder lubrication properties and an analysis of the data measured from a piston lifted from the cylinder after 300 h of engine operation.

In order to improve the utilization of olive pomace, single-factor experiments were set up to investigate the effects of the amount of water and olive pomace addition on the quality of bread. Firstly, the basic components of olive pomace were determined. Secondly, the effects of water addition (50%, 52%, 54%, and 56%) on bread quality were investigated. After that, the influence of added olive pomace (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) was also studied. The quality of bread was evaluated by taste, aroma and surface color, while physical properties were analyzed by the texture and the specific volume of bread. Results showed that the quality of bread was the best under the condition of adding 52% of moisture and 10% of olive pomace. With the addition of olive pomace, the specific volume of bread decreased, and the cohesion of bread decreased while the values of hardness, chewiness and adhesiveness increased. considered the appearance, quality, aroma and fiber content of bread, it was thought as the best to add 10% of olive pomace to the bread.

Objective To analyze the relationship between No.12a lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features of upper gastric cancer and to discuss the indications and prognostic significance of lymph node dissection in this group. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 377 patients with upper gastric cancer, to compare the relationship between No.12a lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with upper gastric cancer. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the prognosis of patients with or without No.12a lymph node metastasis, and Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis and survival of patients with upper gastric cancer. Results Tumor location (lesser curvature side), tumor diameter (≥5.5 cm), degree of differentiation, and T/N/TNM stage were significantly correlated with No.12a lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). After excluding N staging, Cox regression results showed that the degree of differentiation (HR: 0.668, 95%CI: 0.48-0.931, P=0.017) and pTNM stage (HR: 6.319, 95%CI: 4.063-9.828, P < 0.001) were the independent risk factors, but No.12a lymph node metastasis (HR: 1.477, 95%CI: 0.71-3.075, P=0.297) was not an independent risk factor for survival of upper gastric cancer patients. Conclusion No.12a lymph node metastasis does not seem to be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of upper gastric cancer patients. However, the prognosis of patients with No.12a lymph node metastasis is worse than that of patients without No.12a lymph node metastasis. The No.12a lymph nodes should be actively dissected when the tumor is in the following situations: the tumor is located in the lesser curvature, the degree of differentiation is poorly differentiated, and the tumor stage is late (T4, N3, or Ⅱ-Ⅲ stage).

Intelligent perception is the primary link in intelligent coal mining, providing data support for intelligent decision-making and control. Fiber optic sensing technology provides a solution for intelligent perception in coal mining due to its advantages such as high precision, strong anti-interference capability and environmental tolerance, and flexible and diverse network reuse methods. On the basis of studying the principle of optical fiber sensing technology, the sensing information transmission model between fiber grating and the substrate is constructed. The fiber grating packaging technologies of surface pasted type, grooved landfill type, and surface pasted substrate type are proposed. The spectral reconstruction and temperature compensation are studied to ensure high-precision data perception. The high-precision fiber grating borehole stress sensor, bolt stress sensor, bolt force sensor, roof separation sensor, temperature sensor and other intelligent sensing sensors for mining environment are developed. The fiber grating support tilt sensor, support pressure sensor, curvature sensor and other posture sensing sensors for coal mining working face equipment are also developed as well as fiber grating sensor calibration workbench. They are intelligent sensing equipment based on fiber optic sensing technology for the construction of intelligent coal mining faces. Multiple fiber grating sensors are integrated to construct an intelligent multi-parameter perception system based on fiber grating for coal mining environment and working face equipment posture. It solves problems such as the large capacity of multiple sources and heterogeneity of sensing data, difficulty in reusing sensing equipment, and difficulty in networking during coal mining process. A coal mining environmental safety warning and equipment posture decision-making system software is developed. It forms a coal mining safety decision-making system that integrates intelligent 'fiber grating perception - dynamic response - precursor warning - safety decision-making'. The analysis points out that the development of special material fiber optic products suitable for multiple scenarios, packaging technology suitable for coal mining needs, and demodulation instrument hardware that balances precision and cost will help to promote the application of fiber optic sensing technology in information perception in intelligent coal mining.

Abstract Photo‐assisted uranium reduction from uranium mine wastewater is expected to overcome the competition between impurity ions and U(VI) in the traditional process. Here, B‐TiO2@Co2P‐X S‐scheme heterojunction with metal‐oxygen‐hydrogen (M‐O‐H) is developed insitu modification for photo‐assisted U(VI) (hexavalent uranium) reduction. Relying on the DFT calculation and Hard‐Soft‐Acid‐Base (HSAB) theory, the introduction of metal‐oxygen‐hydrogen (M‐O‐H, hard base) metallic bonds in the B‐TiO2@Co2P‐X is found to enhance the hydrophilicity and the capture capability for uranyl ion (hard acid). Accordingly, B‐TiO2@Co2P‐500 hybrid nanosheets exhibit excellent U(VI) reduction ability (>98%) in the presence of competing ions. By self‐consistent energy band calculations and in‐situ KPFM spectral analysis, the formation of the internal electric field between B‐TiO2 and Co2P at the heterojunction is proven, offering a strong driving force and atomic transportation highway for accelerating the S‐scheme charge carriers directed migration and promoting the photocatalytic reduction of uranium. This work provides a valuable route to explore the functionally modified photocatalyst with high‐efficiency photoelectron separation for U(VI) reduction.

Information plays a crucial role in the reform of public physical education courses in colleges and universities. In this paper, we construct a sports health monitoring system for teaching physical education in colleges and universities. Firstly, we derive the heart rate and transmittance oxygen saturation monitoring algorithm using Lambert’s law and the photoelectric volume method, and then design the anti-interference heart rate and oxygen extraction algorithm using a time-varying autoregressive model. To use the time-varying autoregressive model based on multiwavelet basis function expansion, you have to pick the multiwavelet basis functions and guess what the model parameters are. Then, the action recognition module is designed, the static calibration method is used to correct the zero bias of the collected data, the sliding mean filtering method is used to eliminate the random noise, and the data segmentation is performed on the long sequence data. After the system is constructed, its accuracy is checked in four states, and finally, its effect on students’ exercise health is analyzed. It was found that under the four conditions of sitting, standing, walking, and jogging, and comparing with the results of medical pulse oximetry, the maximum error of the heart rate and blood oxygen results monitored by the system in this paper is no more than 3, which is within the acceptable range. The coefficients between the use of the exercise health monitoring system and the enthusiasm for exercise, commitment to exercise, and adherence to exercise health were 0.571, 0.584, and 0.625, respectively, with a significant correlation (p

Dietary habits are particularly important in fitness training, and a scientific fitness diet needs to be formulated according to the fitness user’s situation, fitness goals and exercise volume. In this paper, a multimodal personalized sports nutrition recommendation model incorporating users’ visual preferences is designed to address the important impact of visual features on the task of sports nutrition recommendation. The user’s visual preference is modeled using the Query-Key-Value attention mechanism, which extracts valuable visual information from their historical data and adds it to textual features. In the sports nutrition program generation part, guided by sports nutrition theory and based on the MMFV model, the sports nutrition program generation method was designed. Then, the multi-objective optimization problem of the sports nutrition scheme is planned and modeled, and a calorie-checking mechanism is added to the multi-objective particle swarm algorithm for the problem of calorie intake not meeting the fitness goal. According to the sports nutrition program recommendation algorithm to improve the three meals diets of the gym participants, through the analysis of relevant data to verify the scientificity of the recommended program. The average intake of protein, vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C of the fitness participants after the modification increased by 7.4%, 17.77%, 22.33% and 8.46%, respectively, compared with that before the modification. Scapular sebaceous thickness and abdominal sebaceous thickness were reduced by 2.2 mm and 1.47 mm, respectively, compared with the pre-modification period.TC, TG and LDL metabolism were in the normal range, which was significantly different from the pre-modification period (P

The purpose of investigating the carbohydrate exchange method in combination with aerobic exercise for obese college students is to help college students have better bodies to cope with their academic life. This paper introduces the qualitative and quantitative analysis technique based on near-infrared spectroscopy, starting from the analysis of the carbohydrate exchange method, and explains the physical, mathematical, and chemical information bases, respectively. A NIR detection model is constructed using the NIR spectroscopy detection method, and the main evaluation indexes of the model are given. Three experimental groups, namely, carbohydrate exchange method, aerobic exercise, and carbohydrate exchange method combined with aerobic exercise were set up to investigate the physical health interventions for obese college students. In the single test, the FPG, BUN, TC, and HbA1c values of the subjects in the carbohydrate exchange experiment group were reduced by 18.61%, 17.33%, 11.09%, and 18.16%, respectively. The FPG, BUN, TC, and HbA1c values were reduced by 23.42%, 18.84%, 11.62%, and 13.48%, respectively, in subjects in the aerobic exercise experimental group. From the carbohydrate exchange method combined with the aerobic exercise experimental group, the subjects’ FPG, BUN, TC, and HbA1c values were reduced by 28.38%, 22.24%, 11.27%, and 27.4%, respectively, which was a better level of intervention than the single experimental group. Thus, the carbohydrate exchange method combined with aerobic exercise can be an effective intervention for the physical health of obese college students.

To smelt beef tallow by using 1 000 kg as the mass of each sample of beef fat, and the fatty acid composition of the obtained butter including perirenal fat, abdominal fat and segmented fat was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), and the volatile flavor components were detected by gas chromatography-olfactory mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS). The results showed that the saturated fatty acids (SFA) of the three kinds of beef tallow were mainly palmitic acid and stearic acid, and the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were mainly oleic acid. In addition, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in palmitic acid content among three kinds of beef tallow. Although there were no significant differences in the stearic acid and oleic acid contents between perirenal tallow and belly tallow (P>0.05), there were significant differences in the stearic acid and oleic acid contents between partitioned tallow and waist oil and belly tallow (P

Objective To analyze the risk factors of preoperative lymph node staging (N-stage) deficiency in gastric cancer and establish a preoperative assessment model to assist in predicting preoperative N-stage. Methods A retrospective method was used to analyze the clinicopathological data of 268 patients with gastric cancer. The patients routinely underwent preoperative thin-section enhanced CT to assess preoperative N-stage. Results The risk factors for preoperative N-stage deficiency were analyzed in combination with postoperative pathological findings. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine influencing factors, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to plot the survival curves of preoperative N-stage accurate group and deficiency group. The nomogram plot and ROC curves of the prediction model were drawn using the R package. AUC, 95%CI, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Results Age, BMI, poor differentiation, and Lauren's classification as diffuse were independent risk factors for preoperative N-stage deficiency in gastric cancer (P < 0.05). Prognostic survival was significantly worse in the preoperative N stage-inadequate group than that in the accurate group (P=0.041). The AUC area was 0.935, with a sensitivity of 85.9% and specificity of 96.9%. Conclusion Young age, high BMI, poor differentiation, and Lauren's classification as diffuse are independent risk factors for preoperative N-stage deficiency. The established preoperative assessment model based on age, BMI, differentiation degree, and Lauren's classification in this study has relatively high credibility.

Objective: Aiming to obtain the weight of fragrant pear quickly to provide a basis for developing the fragrant pear grading device. Methods: This method acquired RGB-D images of fragrant pear by Kinect camera and converted them into point cloud data. The point cloud data was pre-processed and interpolated to generate a fragrant pear model. Then calculated the size parameter of the fragrant pear model. Finally, using the fragrant pear's volume predicted its weight. Results: Experimental results showed that the average relative error of the volume was 2.8%. Then the volume of fragrant pears was calculated by the error-compensated measurement method of the body scale parameter, and its weight was predicted and compared with the actual weight. The experimental results showed that the average relative error of the predicted weight was 1.96%. Conclusion: The fragrant pear quality prediction method provides a reliable reference for developing fragrant pear grading equipment.

As the primary territories of regional carbon emission and energy consumption, most industrial parks only simply stack technology and policy under the urgent goal of emission reduction and carbon reduction. As a result, certain measures may even have negative impacts. As the primary means to determine the characteristics of carbon emissions in industrial parks, studying the driving factors of carbon emissions and proposing targeted measures can effectively achieve the carbon emission reduction goals. However the mechanism analysis of driving factors of carbon emission in industrial parks is the important means to study the characteristics of carbon emission. The selection of driving factors is many and complicated, and the selection of mechanism analysis methods is different, so it is difficult to have a comparison of research results Based on the quantitative relationship model between carbon emissions and driving factors and the method of action mechanism analysis in industrial parks, this paper evaluates and compares the relevant studies, summarizes their advantages and disadvantages, and makes relevant comments and prospects. For providing reference for the practice of driving factors of carbon emission in industrial parks, and put forward the basis for the research of carbon emission prediction.

How to make fried food more delicious and healthier is the goal that the field of food science is constantly pursuing. The Latest research progress(2019—2022) on the quality of fried food such as flavor, taste (texture), oil absorption and new risk factors was reviewed, and this article also systematically explained the origin, evolution and material relationships of the "wide bell" flavor curve. The physical characterization and influence mechanism of taste (texture) of fried foods were introduced, and the oil absorption mechanism of fried foods and new technologies to reduce oil content were also reviewed. The formation mechanism, detection distribution, potential toxicity and influencing factors of the two risk factors of glycerol core aldehydes and monoepoxy fatty acids during the frying process were also reviewed. This review could provide the reference for the improvement of fried food quality and the control of risk factors.

The potato of the Netherlands shiwu and four edible oils were taken as the research objects, and the effects of oil types on the texture, the kinetic constant of water loss and oil absorption, the spatial distribution of moisture, the crystal structure and microstructure of French fries during the frying process were investigated. The results showed that the surface hardness of fries fried in palm oil and rice bran oil was higher than that of the other two oil. The results of water loss kinetics showed that the surface water loss rate of fries fried in palm oil was the fastest (0.053 6 s–1), followed by rice bran oil (0.027 5 s–1), and high oleic sunflower oil was the slowest (0.021 6 s–1). Magnetic resonance imaging also confirmed this result. X-ray diffraction results showed that the starch-lipid complex content of fries fried in rice bran oil and palm oil was higher than that of the other two. From the results of scanning electron microscopy, it can be seen that the surface of fries fried in palm oil and rice bran oil was more compact than others. In summary, the fast surface water loss, high starch-lipid complex content and surface compactness play an important role in improving the texture of French fries.

The effects of pretreatment combined with different maturing methods (such as blanching, microwaving, etc) and different freezing methods (such as, conventional freezing and ultra-low temperature freezing) on the oil absorption of fried potato strips were compared and analyzed. It was found that compared with blanching combined with conventional freezing pretreatment, changing the blanching to microwave reduced the total oil content of fried potato strips by 15.86%. Changing the conventional freezing to ultra-low temperature freezing reduced the total oil content by 6.09%. Microwaving combined with ultra-low temperature freezing pretreatment reduced the total oil content by 20.46%. The results of confocal laser microscope (CLSM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed that, compared with other pretreatment method, microwave combined with ultra-low temperature freezing pretreatment produced more VII type starch-lipid complexes in the crust layer of fried potato strips. The surface structure was smooth. The attached oil was less. The internal structure was less damaged. The results of sensory evaluation results showed that microwave combined with ultra-low temperature freezing pretreatment improved the quality of fried potato strips and reduced the oil absorption.

The flavor is a decisive sensory characteristic that determines the popularity of French fries (FFs). During high-oleic rapeseed oil (RO) frying, the flavor development of FFs showed three noticeable stages including break-in (3%-8.0% of total polar compounds (TPC)), optimum (8.0%-20% of TPC), and degrading stages (above 22% of TPC). In order to distinguish the key aroma compounds in each stage, the FFs prepared in RO at TPC of 3% (FF1), 10.5% (FF2), and 27% (FF3) and their relevant oils (RO1, RO2, RO3) were selected for sensory-directed analysis. The results revealed that the FF1 had low contents of (E,E)-2,4- decadienal (deep-fried odor) which could be the reason why FF1 samples were rated with low-sensory score. The FF3 had higher hexanoic acid (sweaty odor), heptanoic acid, nonanoic acid, benzene acetaldehyde (stale odor), and trans-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal (metallic odor) compared with FF1 and FF2, which resulted in flavor deterioration in FF3. Moreover, the decrease of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-pyrazine in FF3 induced the lower roast flavor, which may also lead to the decline of the sensory score. Similarly, the higher portion of (E)-2-undecenal, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, and nonanoic acid in RO3 leads to increase in its rancid score and thus lower the sensory score. When the TPC content exceeded 22%, the peroxidation of the oil could cause the rancid taste. Therefore, it should be controlled in the later stage of frying. By understanding the changes of key flavor substances during the frying process, it can be significantly used as a reference for the development of fried products with the best flavor.

Study the change rule of Total Polar Compounds (TPC) of fried oil and evaluate the feasibility of using new indices to characterize the quality of frying oil from the perspectives of the polar compound composition at the regulated discarding point and the correlation between indicators. During the frying process, the TPC generated by oil deterioration will accumulate with the extension of the frying time. At the regulated discarding point, when the TPC is 27%, the frying oil contains 11.2% of oxTGO+oxTGD, which is close to the ratio of TPC and oxTGO+oxTGD stipulated by national standards. When TPC is 27%, the content of oxTGM in frying fat is 3.5%, and the content of oxTGM fluctuated up and down during frying. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between oxTGM and TPC with P>0.05, indicating that the application of TPC to evaluate the quality of frying oil actually failed to cover the effective control of oxTGM at the same time. Therefore, two indicators of TPC and oxTGM can be used to evaluate the deterioration of the fat frying process. Considering the potential toxicity of oxTGM is the strongest, the oxTGM value has a certain practical significance as a waste index to characterize the oxidation deterioration of high-temperature frying fat.

Through referring to the literature and related databases, the research process of antibodyconjugated drugs was reviewed, and the key elements of ADC were summarized. Twelve ADCs have been approved worldwide, since the therapeutic ADC was marketed for the first time in 2000. There are two imported and one domestic ADCs approved to date in China. In this paper, the development of ADCs in recent years was summarized, and the key elements of ADCs such as antigenic site, linker, payload and conjugation mode were reviewed in order to provide comprehensive information of ADCs and promote their research and development in the future.

A deep learning model named Cracklab for pixel level segmentation and measurement of concrete cracks is proposed. Cracklab excels at handling cracks at image edges and enhances scale adaptability, and it reduces physical occupation and increases efficiency by pruning. A crack database containing 685 images collected from complex scenes is established, with resolution ranging from 1024 to 2048 pixels. During training, focal loss is used to improve the recognition effect of complex background images. The results show that our method is more effective and accurate in detecting and quantifying cracks. Cracklab performed better in inference and comparative experiments, with mIoU at least 0.114 ahead and detection speeds 3.9 times faster compared to works that did not include pruning and scale adaptation. The proposed improved medial axis transform method has an error of 2.09 pixels at the maximum crack width, which is 19.6% lower than another work using distance transform method.

Abstract The mutation of SARS-CoV-2 influences viral function as residue replacements affect both physiochemical properties and folding conformations. Although a large amount of data on SARS-CoV-2 is available, the investigation of how viral functions change in response to mutations is hampered by a lack of effective structural analysis. Here, we exploit the advances of protein structure fingerprint technology to study the folding conformational changes induced by mutations. With integration of both protein sequences and folding conformations, the structures are aligned for SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2, including Alpha variant (lineage B.1.1.7) and Delta variant (lineage B.1.617.2). The results showed that the virus evolution with change in mutational positions and physicochemical properties increased the affinity between spike protein and ACE2, which plays a critical role in coronavirus entry into human cells. Additionally, these structural variations impact vaccine effectiveness and drug function over the course of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. The analysis of structural variations revealed how the coronavirus has gradually evolved in both structure and function and how the SARS-CoV-2 variants have contributed to more severe acute disease worldwide.

A 5000m3 single deck floating roof crude oil storage tank was found to have a cracked Q345R bottom plate during an open tank inspection. To analyze the cause of the failure, a series of experiments were carried out. The results showed that the chemical composition of the failed crude oil storage tank bottom plate material Q345R had a slight excess of S, V, and Ti which causes the material to form a bainite structure, resulting in a hard and brittle material with poor toughness. Q345R is susceptive to H2S stress corrosion cracking according to SCC test. Based on the working condition investigation, the cracked plate was subjected to the local settlement and H2S contained corrosive medium. With the stress concentration induced by local settlement, the bottom plate cracked. In order to avoid such incidents, Q345R material should be avoided in H2S containing environment, and online monitoring should be carried out regularly to assess the overall condition of the tanks.

Electric heating serves as a major cold-proof measure because engineering equipment often loses efficacy in harsh weather conditions in a polar environment. Because Convective heat transfer is the key issue to solve the cold-proof design, this paper analyzes convective heat transfer of tube and plate in the constant heat flow heating mode. According to fluent numerical simulation analysis with a wind speed of 0–40 m/s and a temperature of −40°C–0°C, both an increase in wind speed and a decrease in temperature would cause the growth of the convective heat transfer coefficient of circular tubes and flat plates, Wind speed displayed a more significant impact on convective heat transfer. In a low-temperature laboratory, a model experiment of convective heat transfer was carried out to validate the reliability of the numerical simulation. Last, a prediction model for convective heat transfer coefficient of circular tubes and flat plates in polar environment was developed using numerical and experimental data.

Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide, is a pharmacologically active compound isolated from a Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF). Triptolide has attracted considerable attention in recent times due to its multiple biological and pharmaceutical activities, with an emphasis on therapeutic importance in the treatment of diverse disorders. With essential medicinal implications, TwHF’s extracts have been used as anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antioxidative, and immunosuppressive agents for centuries, with continuous and relevant modifications to date to enhance its utility in several diseases and pathophysiology. Here, in this review, we accentuate the studies, highlighting the effects of triptolide on treating bone-related disorders, both inflammatory and cancerous, particularly osteosarcoma, and their manifestations. Based on this review, future avenues could be estimated for potential research strategies, molecular mechanisms, and outcomes that might contribute toward reinforcing new dimensions in the clinical application of triptolide in treating bone-related disorders.

Rare earth elements (REE) are important raw materials for electronic products and green-energy technology and deep-sea sediment as an important potential source of REE mineral. It is of great scientific significance to understand the influence of REE in deep-sea sediments. In this paper, thirty sediments samples and eleven sediments samples were collected at the site SH3 and SH1 of Shenhu area, respectively. The trace elements, major elements, and different Fe-Mn minerals were analyzed to investigate the role of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in the enrichment of rare earth elements in the marine sediments. The result showed that the content of ∑REE/Ti increased at the top of sulfate and methane transition zone (SMTZ) at site SH1 and SH3. Combined with the analysis of different forms of ferromanganese minerals and the REE patterns, it is inferred that there is little influence of terrigenous input to the REE content. In contrary, the REE-rich carbonate phase and REE-rich Fe-Mn oxides (hydroxides) phase have important contribution of REE enrichment at the top of SMTZ. Meanwhile, the calculations of the quantitative relationship between the REE-rich carbonate phase and REE-rich Fe-Mn oxides (hydroxides) phase also confirm this conclusion. And the AOM caused the decrease of the REE-rich Fe-Mn oxides (hydroxides) phase and increase of the REE-rich carbonate phase. This is the potential explanation of ∑REE/Ti enrichment at the top of SMTZ. This study is of great scientific significance for the study of REE enrichment mechanism in the methane seeps and provided a new sight of REE enrichment mechanism in deep-sea sediments.