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Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula (AAP) were extracted by hot water extraction and fractionated by sequential precipitation with 10% and 80% (final concentration) ethanol into two fractions (named AAP-10 and AAP-80, respectively). Each fraction was further separated into three subfractions: AP-10-I, AAP-10-II, AAP-10-III, AAP-80-I, AAP-80-II and AAP-80-III. Each of the six polysaccharides was vacuum infiltrated into white radish before dehydration and rehydration. The effects of these polysaccharides on the rehydration characteristics of white radish were investigated by measuring the rehydration ratio, expansibility, water-holding capacity (WHC), color and texture parameters. Polysaccharides that greatly differed in their ability to improve the rehydration characteristics of dehydrated radish were selected for structural characterization. The results showed that compared with dehydrated radish without osmotic treatment, treatment with AAP could improve the rehydration characteristics of dehydrated radish in varying degrees. The effect of AAP-80-III was most pronounced among the six polysaccharides. The rehydration ratio of radish treated with AAP-80-III was 7.32, the expansibility was 3.22 mL/g, and the water-holding capacity was 87.2%; it had better color (L* value of 62.68 ± 0.17, a* value of ?1.06 ± 0.02, and b* value of 4.23 ± 0.09), hardness (1 746.14 ± 11.9) N and chewiness (1 207.09 ± 9.39) N. AAP-10-I could also improve the rehydration characteristics of dehydrated radish, but the difference was not significant. AAP-10-I and AAP-80-III contained neither protein nor nucleic acid, and both had hydrophilic functional groups. But the molecular mass of AAP-80-III was less than that AAP-10-I, and so AAP-80-III could more easily penetrate into radish tissue. Moreover, arabinose accounted for a larger proportion in the monosaccharide composition of AAP-80-III, which increased the water-holding capacity of radish tissue. Based on the above results, AAP-80-III can effectively improve the rehydration characteristics of dehydrated radish.

This paper is concerned with the large deviation principle of the stochastic reaction-diffusion lattice systems defined on the $ N $-dimensional integer set, where the nonlinear drift term is locally Lipschitz continuous with polynomial growth of any degree and the nonlinear diffusion term is locally Lipschitz continuous with linear growth. We first prove the convergence of the solutions of the controlled stochastic lattice systems, and then establish the large deviations by the weak convergence method based on the equivalence of the large deviation principle and the Laplace principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the asymptotic compactness of the solutions of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations defined in unbounded channel-like domains. In order to overcome the non-compactness of Sobolev embeddings in unbounded domains, we establish the uniform tail-ends estimates of solutions by showing all the solutions are uniformly small outside a sufficiently large bounded domain for all large time and bounded initial data, which implies the asymptotic compactness and hence the existence of global attractors in the natural energy space. The uniform tail-ends estimates are derived by the scalar stream function of the Navier-Stokes equations which is distinct from the reaction-diffusion equation due to the divergence free condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with uniform large deviation principles of fractional stochastic reaction-diffusion equations driven by additive noise defined on unbounded domains where the solution operator is non-compact and hence the result of [32] does not apply. The nonlinear drift is assumed to be locally Lipschitz continnous instead of being globally Lipschitz continuous. We first prove a large deviation principle for a fractional linear stochastic equation by the weak convergence method, and then show a uniform large deviation principle for the fractional nonlinear equation by a uniform contraction principle, despite the Sobolev embeddings are non-compact in unbounded domains. The result of the paper regrading the uniform large deviations can be applied to investigate the exit time and exit place of the solutions of the stochastic reaction-diffusion equations from a given domain in the phase space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with invariant measures of fractional stochastic reaction–diffusion equations on unbounded domains with locally Lipschitz continuous drift and diffusion terms. We first prove the existence and regularity of invariant measures, and then show the tightness of the set of all invariant measures of the equation when the noise intensity varies in a bounded interval. We also prove that every limit of invariant measures of the perturbed systems is an invariant measure of the corresponding limiting system. Under further conditions, we establish the ergodicity and the exponentially mixing property of invariant measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with the well-posedness as well as long-term dynamics of a wide class of non-autonomous, non-local, fractional, stochastic FitzHugh-Nagumo systems driven by nonlinear noise defined on the entire spaceℝRN. The well-posedness is proved for the systems with polynomial drift terms of arbitrary order as well as locally Lipschitz nonlinear diffusion terms by utilizing the pathwise and mean square uniform estimates. The mean random dynamical system generated by the solution operators is proved to possess a unique weak pullback mean random attractor in a Bochner space. The existence of invariant measures is also established for the autonomous systems with globally Lipschitz continuous diffusion terms. The idea of uniform tail-estimates of the solutions in the appropriate spaces is employed to derive the tightness of a family of probability distributions of the solutions in order to overcome the non-compactness of the standard Sobolev embeddings on ℝN as well as the lack of smoothing effect on one component of the solutions. The results of this paper are new even when the fractional Laplacian is replaced by the standard Laplacian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]