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Acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in gallbladder cancer (GBC) results in therapy failure. This study is aimed to establish oxaliplatin (OXA)-resistant GBC cell lines and uncover their gene expression profiles. First, two OXA-resistant GBC cell lines (GBC-SD/OXA and SGC996/OXA) were established by gradually increasing the drug concentration, and the resistance index was 4–5. The two resistant cell lines showed slower proliferation and higher stemness, colony formation, and migration abilities. Epithelial mesenchymal transformation and increased levels of P-glycoprotein were also detected. Next RNA-sequence analysis identified 4,675 dysregulated genes (DGs) in resistant cells, and most of the 12 randomly selected DGs were verified to be consistent with the sequence results. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that several DGs were involved in resistance- and phenotype-related pathways, of which the activations of PD-L1 and ERK1/2 were both verified in resistant cell lines. In conclusion, this study is the first to report the gene expression profile of OXA-resistant GBC cells and provides a useful database for target development.

Guanyu Cai, Qingyun Xiong and Bruno Viana agree with this retraction. Reference 1 Cai G, Xiong J. Enhanced luminescence of Mo3+-doped -NaREF4 (RM = Gd3+, Yb3+, Tm3+) nanowires synthesized by coprecipitation-solvothermal ion-exchange. Retraction Note to: Enhanced luminescence of Mo3+-doped -NaREF4 nanowires prepared via coprecipitation-solvothermal ion-exchange method and their application in upconversion polyurethane composite. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a multifactorial disease and the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Patients with ESCC usually have a short survival period due to the late stage at diagnosis. Incidence rates of ESCC remain high among the elderly. With recent advances, it has been demonstrated that ESCC tumors display a unique genetic profile. This study aimed to examine the possible function of OTX1 in ESCC., Methods: We collected paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 107 patients originally diagnosed with ESCC at Xijing Hospital and fresh-harvested and paired adjacent normal esophageal tissues from 15 ESCC patients undergoing curative resection. The expression level of OTX1 was evaluated through immunohistochemistry and western blot. Prognostic and survival analyses were conducted using univariate/multivariate analysis and log-rank analysis with SPSS 23.0. Cell models and xenograft models were used to examine the overexpression of OTX1 in vivo and in vitro., Results: OTX1 was overexpressed in ESCC tissues compared with normal esophageal tissues. Both the mRNA expression level and protein level of OTX1 were higher than they were in paired normal tissue. Prognostic and OS analyses showed that the OTX1 expression level was an individual prognostic factor in ESCC patients. Cell viability was significantly promoted when OTX1 was overexpressed in ESCC cell, Furthermore, downregulating OTX1 in EC109 cell significantly attenuated the cell proliferation migration and invasion. Flow cytometric detection showed that cells overexpressing OTX1 were predominantly in the S and G2&M phases. In the xenograft model, both tumor size and weight in the OTX1 overexpression group were significantly larger than those in the control group., Conclusion: OTX1 is an independent prognostic factor of ESCC and contributes to tumorigenesis both in vivo and in vitro., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Background: This research focuses on exploring RSK4 protein expression within Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC), based on these investigations on level of expressions coupled with the relevance to clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes., Methods: The expression of RSK4 in 48 ccRCC and 20 hydronephrosis samples were under the detection of immunohistochemistry; besides, its relevance to the combination of clinicopathologic features with prognosis was committed in virtue of statistical approaches., Results: The 48 ccRCC samples included 36 (75%, 36/48) positive for RSK4, while the positive rate in hydronephrosis samples were 5 (25%, 5/20). Statistical analysis showed that RSK4 in ccRCC samples express higher expression the hydronephrosis samples (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of RSK4 in ccRCC samples weren't correlated with ages and genders (P > 0.05), while WHO/ISUP nucleolar grade harboured relevance to low survival rate (P = 0.018). Molecular researches demonstrated that over-expression of RSK4 was able to upgrade the proliferation capability of ccRCC cell lines., Conclusions: According to the expression pattern and molecular systems featured RSK4 in ccRCCs, it performed the function of a latent independent prognostic factor performing the function of a newly built latent therapeutic aim oriented with the patients undergoing RCC. Moreover, the specific mechanism of action is expected to be revealed in the future research., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)