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Background: Cognitive dysfunction, encompassing perioperative psychological distress and cognitive impairment, is a prevalent postoperative complication within the elderly population, and in severe cases, it may lead to dementia. Building upon our prior research that unveiled a connection between postoperative mood fluctuations and cognitive dysfunction with the phosphorylation of P38, this present investigation aims to delve deeper into the involvement of the P38 MAPK/NLRP3 pathway in perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) in an abdominal exploratory laparotomy (AEL) aged mice model., Methods: C57BL/6 mice (male, 18-month-old) underwent AEL with 3 % anesthesia. Then, inhibitors targeting P38 MAPK (SB202190, 1 mg/kg) and GSK3β (TWS119, 10 mg/kg) were administered multiple times daily for 7 days post-surgery. The NLRP3-cKO AEL and WT AEL groups only underwent the AEL procedure. Behavioral assessments, including the open field test (OFT), novel object recognition (NOR), force swimming test (FST), and fear conditioning (FC), were initiated on postoperative day 14. Additionally, mice designated for neuroelectrophysiological monitoring had electrodes implanted on day 14 before surgery and underwent novel object recognition while their local field potential (LFP) was concurrently recorded on postoperative day 14. Lastly, after they were euthanasized, pathological analysis and western blot were performed., Results: SB202190, TWS119, and astrocyte-conditional knockout NLRP3 all ameliorated the cognitive impairment behaviors induced by AEL in mice and increased mean theta power during novel location exploration. However, it is worth noting that SB202190 may exacerbate postoperative depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in mice, while TWS119 may induce impulsive behaviors., Conclusions: Our study suggests that anesthesia and surgical procedures induce alterations in mood and cognition, which may be intricately linked to the P38 MAPK/NLRP3 pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this study was to provide a reference for the riparian zone with protection and ecological restoration by analyzing the differences in typical vegetation ( Phragmites communis, Populus tomentosa , Salix sungkianica , and Carex schmidtii ) rhizosphere bacterial communities and their functions and identifying the potential of different types of vegetation to restore the damaged riparian zone in Songhua River. The 16S rRNA of rhizosphere soil bacteria in the four typical vegetation types of the riparian zone along the downstream of the Songhua River was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing platform. The community diversity, functional differences, and influencing factors of rhizosphere soil bacteria for different vegetation types were analyzed. The results showed that the Ace index, Chao1 index, and Shannon index of soil bacterial diversity in P.communis were significantly higher than those of P.tomentosa ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference between the above two types of vegetation and S. sungkianica and C.schmidtii . There were significant differences between the soil bacterial community structure of P. tomentosa and that of the three other vegetation types ( P <0.05). The soil bacterial community structures of S.sungkianica, C.schmidtii , and P.communis were similar. Bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of the four typical vegetation types could be divided into 38 phyla. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla (relative abundance>5%), and the Nitrospirae, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Rokubacteria of bacteria had a relative abundance greater than 1%. The bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of the four typical vegetation types had 6 primary metabolic pathways and 43 secondary metabolic pathways, including 14 types of main secondary metabolic pathways (relative abundance>1%). Diversity in rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of different vegetation types was significantly influenced by the C/N ratio, soil pH, and moisture content. Hence, the effects of different vegetation types in repairing the degraded riparian zone were different, and wetland vegetation ( S.sungkianica and C.schmidtii ) was conducive to the improvement in soil bacterial diversity and soil ecosystem functions.