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This paper proposes an online monitoring and defect identification method for XLPE power cables using harmonic visualization of grounding currents. Four typical defects, including thermal aging, water ingress and dampness, insulation scratch, and excessive bending, were experimentally conducted. The AC grounding currents of the cable specimens with different defects were measured during operation. By using the chaotic synchronization system, the harmonic distortion was transformed into a 2D scatter diagram with distinctive characteristics. The relationship between the defect type and the diagram features was obtained. A YOLOv5 (you only look once v5) target recognition model was then established based on the dynamic harmonics scatter diagrams for cable defect classification and identification. The results indicated that the overall shape, distribution range, density degree, and typical lines formed by scatter aggregation can reflect the defect type effectively. The proposed method greatly reduces the difficulty of data analysis and enables rapid defect identification of XLPE power cables, which is useful for improving the reliability of the power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant-specific SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) transcription factors play a pivotal role in various developmental processes, including leaf morphogenesis and vegetative to reproductive phase transition. Liriodendron chinense and Liriodendron tulipifera are widely used in landscaping due to their tulip-like flowers and peculiar leaves. However, the SPL gene family in Liriodendron has not been identified and systematically characterized. We systematically identified and characterized the SPL family members in Liriodendron , including phylogeny, gene structure and syntenic analyses. Subsequently, we quantified the expression patterns of LcSPLs across various tissue sites through transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays and identified the target gene, LcSPL2. Finally, we characterized the functions of LcSPL2 via ectopic transformation. Altogether, 17 LcSPL and 18 LtSPL genes were genome-widely identified in L. chinense and L. tulipifera , respectively. All the 35 SPLs were grouped into 9 clades. Both species had three SPL gene pairs arising from segmental duplication events, and the LcSPLs displayed high collinearity with the L. tulipifera genome. RT-qPCR assays showed that SPL genes were differentially expressed in different tissues, especially. Because LcSPL2 is highly expressed in pistils and leaves, it was selected to describe the SPL gene family of L. chinense by ectopic expression. We showed that overexpression of LcSPL2 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in earlier flowering and fewer rosette leaves. Moreover, we observed that overexpression of LcSPL2 in A. thaliana up-regulated the expression levels of four genes related to flower development. This study identified SPL genes in Liriodendron and characterized the function of LcSPL2 in advancing flower development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: A series of mesoporous Pt@KIT−6/SAPO−11 catalysts with SiO2:Al2O3 molar ratios of 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 and Pt loadings of 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2 wt% were prepared via an in situ encapsulation process using a PEO − PPO − PEO triblock copolymer (EO20PO70EO20, P123) as the mes. China 750001 oporous template and KIT−6 molecular sieves as the silicon source. RESULTS: These catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), specific surface area analysis, and pyridine–infrared spectroscopy (Py − IR). The results showed that Pt nanoparticles with particle sizes of 3–7 nm were uniformly dispersed on the supports. These materials also exhibited good mesoporous structures with specific surface areas of 138–197 m2/g and average pore sizes of 7.1–9.9 nm. The specimens having a SiO2:Al2O3 molar ratio of 0.4 also showed an orderly strip−shaped pore structure. The Py − IR results indicated that the catalysts had both Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites, with total acid contents in the range of 77.8–131.1 μmol/g. CONCLUSION: The decarboxylation of oleic acid using these materials under CO2 was examined. The catalyst with a SiO2:Al2O3 molar ratio of 0.4 and a Pt loading of 0.8 exhibited the best catalytic performance and a C8 − C17 alkanes yield as high as 85.1% at 340 °C by using a catalyst−to−oil mass ratio of 1:10 and a reaction time of 5 h. This performance was attributed to the ordered mesoporous structure of this catalyst along with its high surface area (173 m2/g), good crystallinity (92.8%), suitable acid content (98.6 μmol/g), and abundant Pt metal active sites. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]