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Abstract [Objective] This study aims to examine the effects of container type and specification on the growth, blooming, and physiology of purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica seedlings. The goal is to examine the optimal seedling container for the cultivation of purple-leaf L. indica seedlings and to provide basis for effective seedling breeding in containers. [Methods] Taking the excellent new variety ‘Ebony Embers’ of purple-leaf L. indica as research materials. Three type containers, black plastic nutrient cups (C1), white nonwoven beauty planting bags (C2), and black root-control containers (C3), with three specifications (diameter×height, cm) of 16×16 (D1), 21×21 (D2), and 25×25 (D3), were selected to set nine treatments. Seedlings under different treatments were measured for growth, flowering, and physiological indexes. [Results] (1) Different nursery containers had significant effects on the growth, flowering, and physiology of purple-leaf L. indica seedlings. The growth, root system, biomass, flowering period, flower diameter, inflorescence, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and other indexes in the same container type were increased with the increase in the specification of the containers. (2) Diameter growth, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, number of root tips, aboveground dry mass, belowground dry mass, total dry mass, and flowering time were greatest in the C3D3 treatment, which was higher than the smallest C1D1 treatment by 817.12%, 108.12%, 94.60%, 75.66%, 144.14%, 135.67%, 228.45%, 164.65% and 34.48%, respectively. Seedling height growth, crown growth, leaf area, and inflorescence length and width were the highest in the C1D3 treatment, which was higher than the lowest C1D1 treatment by 116.05%, 81.39%, 114.95%, 70.44%, and 65.79%, respectively. Relative chlorophyll content and water use efficiency were the greatest in the C3D3 treatment, while soluble protein and soluble sugar content, net photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance were the highest in the C1D3 treatment. The intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency did not differ significantly among the treatments. (3) The comprehensive analysis score for each index was as follows: C3D3>C1D3>C2D3 >C3D2>C2D2>C1D2>C2D1>C3D1>C1D1. [Conclusion] The black root-control container performs well in terms of diameter growth, root growth index, biomass, flowering time and diameter, relative chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate. The most suitable container for 2-year-old seedlings of purple- leaf L. indica is the black root-control container with a diameter of 25 cm and a height of 25 cm.

The application of metal additive manufacturing technology and products in the aviation field requires optimized structural design at macroscale and precise manufacture control at microscale. As one of the typical features of additive manufacture, microstructure inevitably affects the material performance. The research has shown that the uniformity, plasticity, and fatigue fracture characteristics of additive manufacturing materials are often inferior to traditional materials, while their strength, hardness, wear resistance, and some microscale properties are often better than traditional materials. The size effect in the micro/nano-scale and the heterogeneous characteristics of materials have a significant impact on metal materials with microstructures. Under different microstructures, materials can achieve a better balance between strength and ductility, which is also applicable to additively manufactured metals. Therefore, the process characteristics of additive manufacturing and the heterogeneities introduced by human design are both expected to significantly improve the comprehensive performance of metals, which have important guiding value for the application of metal additive manufacturing in the aviation field. However, since many of the mechanism of these phenomena are still unclear, the strength-ductility synergistic and antagonistic relationships with other properties of the materials are also worth further research.

In eukaryotes, RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification and microRNA (miRNA)‐mediated RNA silencing represent two critical epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. The m6A methyltransferase complex (MTC) and the microprocessor complex both undergo liquid–liquid phase separation to form nuclear membraneless organelles. Although m6A methyltransferase has been shown to positively regulate miRNA biogenesis, a mechanism of reciprocal regulation between the MTC and the microprocessor complex has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the MTC and the microprocessor complex associate with each other through the METHYLTRANSFERASE B (MTB)–SERRATE (SE) interacting module. Knockdown of MTB impaired miRNA biogenesis by diminishing microprocessor complex binding to primary miRNAs (pri‐miRNAs) and their respective MIRNA loci. Additionally, loss of SE function led to disruptions in transcriptome‐wide m6A modification. Further biochemical assays and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assay indicated that SE enhances the liquid–liquid phase separation and solubility of the MTC. Moreover, the MTC exhibited enhanced retention on chromatin and diminished binding to its RNA substrates in the se mutant background. Collectively, our results reveal the substantial regulatory interplay between RNA m6A modification and miRNA biogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal mining has caused significant soil nitrogen loss in mining areas, limiting reclamation and reuse in agriculture. This article studies the effects of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and the combined application of Pseudomonas fluorescens with the ability of nitrogen fixation on soil nitrogen accumulation and composition in the reclamation area of the Tunlan Coal Mine from 2016 to 2022 under the conditions of equal nitrogen application, providing a scientific basis for microbial fertilization and the rapid increase in nitrogen content in the reclaimed soil of mining areas. The results showed that as the reclamation time increased, the nitrogen content and the composition and structure of the soil treated with fertilization rapidly evolved toward normal farmland soil. The soil nitrogen content increased most rapidly in the presence of added P. fluorescens + organic fertilizer (MB). Compared to other treatments (inorganic fertilizer (CF), organic fertilizer (M), and P. fluorescens + inorganic fertilizer (CFB)), MB increased total nitrogen (TN) to normal farmland soil levels 1–3 years earlier. The comprehensive scores of MB and CFB on the two principal components increased by 1.58 and 0.79 compared to those of M and CF treatments, respectively. This indicates that the combination of P. fluorescens and organic fertilizer improves soil nitrogen accumulation more effectively than the combination of P. fluorescens and inorganic fertilizer. In addition, the application of P. fluorescens increases the content of unknown nitrogen (UN) in acid-hydrolysable nitrogen (AHN) and decreases the content of amino acid nitrogen (AAN) and ammonia nitrogen (AN). However, there was no significant effect on the content of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) in soil-mineralized nitrogen (SMN). When combined with inorganic fertilizer, the contribution of SMN to TN increased by 14.78%, while when combined with organic fertilizer, the contribution of AHN to TN increased by 44.77%. In summary, the use of P. fluorescens is beneficial for nitrogen recovery in the reclaimed soil of coal-mining areas. The optimal fertilization method under the experimental conditions is the combination of P. fluorescens and organic fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a rare condition, and femoral involvement is even rarer. We report a case of juvenile xanthogranuloma affecting the femur. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of femoral juvenile xanthogranuloma in China., Case Presentation: A 19-year-old boy began experiencing swelling in various parts of his body at the age of 1 year, followed by pain in his left hip. Preoperative pathology and imaging indicated juvenile xanthogranuloma of the left femur, leading to surgical intervention. Postoperatively, the patient experienced significant relief from left hip discomfort., Conclusion: Surgery can be an effective treatment for juvenile xanthogranuloma involving the femur., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024 Wang et al.)

In eukaryotes, RNA N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) modification and microRNA (miRNA)-mediated RNA silencing represent two critical epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. The m 6 A methyltransferase complex (MTC) and the microprocessor complex both undergo liquid-liquid phase separation to form nuclear membraneless organelles. Although m 6 A methyltransferase has been shown to positively regulate miRNA biogenesis, a mechanism of reciprocal regulation between the MTC and the microprocessor complex has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the MTC and the microprocessor complex associate with each other through the METHYLTRANSFERASE B (MTB)-SERRATE (SE) interacting module. Knockdown of MTB impaired miRNA biogenesis by diminishing microprocessor complex binding to primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and their respective MIRNA loci. Additionally, loss of SE function led to disruptions in transcriptome-wide m 6 A modification. Further biochemical assays and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assay indicated that SE enhances the liquid-liquid phase separation and solubility of the MTC. Moreover, the MTC exhibited enhanced retention on chromatin and diminished binding to its RNA substrates in the se mutant background. Collectively, our results reveal the substantial regulatory interplay between RNA m 6 A modification and miRNA biogenesis., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Integrative Plant Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.)

Objective: Sakurasosaponin, a primary bioactive saponin from Aegiceras corniculatum, shows potential as an anti-cancer agent. However, there is a lack of information on its in vivo metabolism. This study aims to profile the in vivo metabolites of sakurasosaponin in rat feces, urine, and plasma after oral administration. An efficient strategy using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed, which combined metabolic prediction, multiple mass defects filtering, and highresolution extracted ion chromatograms for rapid and systematic analysis., Methods: Firstly, a theoretical list of metabolites for sakurasosaponin was developed. This was done by considering the metabolic pathways of saponins. Next, the multiple mass defects filtering method was employed to identify potential metabolites in feces and urine, using the unique metabolites of sakurasosaponin as multiple mass defects filtering templates. Subsequently, a high-resolution extracted ion chromatogram was used to quickly determine the metabolites in rat plasma post-identification in feces and urine. Lastly, the analysis of accurate mass, typical neutral loss, and diagnostic ion of the candidate metabolites was carried out to confirm their structural elucidation, and metabolic pathways of sakurasosaponin in vivo were also proposed., Results: In total, 30 metabolites were provisionally identified in feces, urine, and plasma. Analysis of metabolic pathways revealed isomerization, deglycosylation, oxidation, hydroxylation, sulfate conjugation, glucuronide conjugation, and other related reactions as the primary biotransformation reactions of sakurasosaponin in vivo., Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the designed research strategy effectively minimizes matrix interference, prevents the omission of low-concentration metabolites, and serves as a foundation for the discovery of active metabolites of sakurasosaponin., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Coal mining has caused significant soil nitrogen loss in mining areas, limiting reclamation and reuse in agriculture. This article studies the effects of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and the combined application of Pseudomonas fluorescens with the ability of nitrogen fixation on soil nitrogen accumulation and composition in the reclamation area of the Tunlan Coal Mine from 2016 to 2022 under the conditions of equal nitrogen application, providing a scientific basis for microbial fertilization and the rapid increase in nitrogen content in the reclaimed soil of mining areas. The results showed that as the reclamation time increased, the nitrogen content and the composition and structure of the soil treated with fertilization rapidly evolved toward normal farmland soil. The soil nitrogen content increased most rapidly in the presence of added P. fluorescens + organic fertilizer (MB). Compared to other treatments (inorganic fertilizer (CF), organic fertilizer (M), and P. fluorescens + inorganic fertilizer (CFB)), MB increased total nitrogen (TN) to normal farmland soil levels 1-3 years earlier. The comprehensive scores of MB and CFB on the two principal components increased by 1.58 and 0.79 compared to those of M and CF treatments, respectively. This indicates that the combination of P. fluorescens and organic fertilizer improves soil nitrogen accumulation more effectively than the combination of P. fluorescens and inorganic fertilizer. In addition, the application of P. fluorescens increases the content of unknown nitrogen (UN) in acid-hydrolysable nitrogen (AHN) and decreases the content of amino acid nitrogen (AAN) and ammonia nitrogen (AN). However, there was no significant effect on the content of ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + -N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 - -N) in soil-mineralized nitrogen (SMN). When combined with inorganic fertilizer, the contribution of SMN to TN increased by 14.78%, while when combined with organic fertilizer, the contribution of AHN to TN increased by 44.77%. In summary, the use of P. fluorescens is beneficial for nitrogen recovery in the reclaimed soil of coal-mining areas. The optimal fertilization method under the experimental conditions is the combination of P. fluorescens and organic fertilizer.