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The development of western feminism in the 20th century has experienced three waves. During this period, western women continued to strive for equal rights like men had through feminist movements and trends of thought, which provided an ideological and theoretical basis for women's awakening. In 2003, The Hours won the Oscar, bringing feminism into the public's view. The film tells of the inextricable relationship between three women of different times and the novel Mrs. Dalloway. The stories of the three heroines occur in the three waves of feminism respectively. Their struggle and growth represent the development of feminism in different periods, which is also an obvious feature of the unprecedented rise of women's gender consciousness. This paper mainly analyzes the film language of the three female characters from the perspective of micro or macro feminism and narrates them through the sequence of the film plot and time development, thus reflecting the influence of the development of feminism on women's self-awakening in the 20th century.

In this study, a theoretical method is proposed to solve shock relations coupled with chemical equilibrium. Not only shock waves in dissociated flows but also detonation waves in combustive mixtures can be solved. The global iterative solving process is specially designed to mimic the physical and chemical process in reactive shock waves to ensure good stability and fast convergence in the proposed method. Within each global step, the single-variable equations of normal and oblique shock relations are derived and solved with the Newton iteration method to reduce the complexity of the problems, and the minimization of free energy method of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is adopted to solve equilibrium compositions. It is demonstrated that the convergent process is stable and very close to the real chemical-kinetic process, and high accuracy is achieved in the solutions of normal and oblique reactive shock waves. Moreover, the proposed theoretical method has also been applied to many problems associated with reactive shocks, including the stability of oblique detonation wave, bow detonation over a sphere, and shock reflection in dissociated air. The great importance of using chemical equilibrium to theoretically predict the theoretical range of the wedge angle for a standing oblique detonation wave (the standing window of the oblique detonation wave), the stand-off distance of bow detonation wave and the transition criterion of shock reflection in dissociated air with high accuracy have been addressed.

Ultralong carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are in huge demand in many cutting-edge fields due to their macroscale lengths, perfect structures, and extraordinary properties, while their practical application is limited by the difficulties in their mass production. Herein, we report the synthesis of ultralong CNTs with a dramatically increased yield by a simple but efficient substrate interception and direction strategy (SIDS), which couples the advantages of floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition with the flying-kite-like growth mechanism of ultralong CNTs. The SIDS-assisted approach prominently improves the catalyst utilization and significantly increases the yield. The areal density of the ultralong CNT arrays with length of over 1 cm reached a record-breaking value of ∼6700 CNTs mm

Cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), a perennial herb belonging to the family Rosaceae, is a complex octoploid with high heterozygosity at most loci. However, there is no research on the haplotype of the octoploid strawberry genome. Here we aimed to obtain a high-quality genome of the cultivated strawberry cultivar, “Yanli”, using single molecule real-time sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technology. The “Yanli” genome was 823 Mb in size, with a long terminal repeat assembly index of 14.99. The genome was phased into two haplotypes, Hap1 (825 Mb with contig N50 of 26.70 Mb) and Hap2 (808 Mb with contig N50 of 27.51 Mb). Using the combination of Hap1 and Hap2, we obtained for the first time a haplotype-resolved genome with 56 chromosomes for the cultivated octoploid strawberry. We identified a ~ 10 Mb inversion and translocation on chromosome 2-1. 104 957 and 102 356 protein-coding genes were annotated in Hap1 and Hap2, respectively. Analysis of the genes related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway revealed the structural diversity and complexity in the expression of the alleles in the octoploid F. × ananassa genome. In summary, we obtained a high-quality haplotype-resolved genome assembly of F. × ananassa, which will provide the foundation for investigating gene function and evolution of the genome of cultivated octoploid strawberry.

Biomass films with ultraviolet (UV)-shielding ability have attracted considerable attention. Curcumin was introduced into castor oil-based polyurethane (CCPU) as a chain extender, which was melt with polylactic acid (PLA) as a reinforcement to obtain biomass UV-shielding film. The excellent UV absorption and antioxidant qualities of curcumin contributed to the impressive UV-shielding capacity (97.6% UV radiation absorption) and antioxidant (51% free radical scavenging) of PLA/CCPU-20 film. In the scanning electron microscopic images of film fracture, the mixing of CCPU elastomer into the PLA matrix caused the blend films to exhibit significant toughening fracture characteristics compared to the pure PLA film. The excellent thermal stability, low water swelling degree, and low water solubility of PLA/CCPU blend films were maintained after CCPU was added to the PLA matrix. Therefore, the PLA/CCPU blend films can be considered as a potential packaging material because of its favorable UV-shielding properties and film stability.

The high temperature generated on the contact interfaces of the conical friction element in clutches due to the sliding frictional heat should be responsible for the synchronization failure. In this study, an analytic model taking account of the capsizing moment and stress singularity at the end of the contact interface is established to solve the contact pressure distribution. Then, a three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to analyze the transient thermal behavior of the conical friction element. The contact pressure and temperature distribution generated along the contact interfaces are investigated and compared between the proposed new model, the combined wear assumption, and the uniform pressure assumption. Furthermore, the variations in temperature obtained from the new model and the other two assumptions are compared to the experimental results. The results show that the temperature simulated by the new model has a good agreement with reality. The maximum temperatures obtained by the new model are 95.53 °C and 71.67 °C, and the measured values are respectively 84.98 °C and 65.46 °C at the measuring position under the given two working conditions.

Fructokinase (FRK) and fructokinase-like (FLN), belonging to the phosphofructokinase B type subfamily, share substantial sequence similarity, and are crucial in various plant physiological processes. However, there is limited information regarding what functionally differentiates plant FRKs from FLNs. Here, a total of three

Radiative cooling (RC) is a promising sustainable human body cooling technology. However, there still lacks a RC material that can simultaneously enable efficient human body cooling in both outdoor and indoor hot scenarios. Here, we propose a selective emission-transmission (SET) RC model, which is featured with selective high emission in the atmospheric window waveband (8-13 μm) and high transmission in the remaining mid-infrared wavebands, to guide the design of multi-scenario RC materials. Assisted with designs at molecular and nano-scale, we demonstrated a polyoxymethylene (POM) nano-textile, which selectively exhibits high emittance of 75.7% in the 8-13 μm waveband, high human radiation transmittance of 48.5% (4-25 μm), and also a high solar reflectance of 94.7% (0.3-2.5 μm). As a result, the POM nano-textile exhibits superior human body cooling performance in various scenarios including sunny outdoor (2.6-8.8 ℃ cooling), cloudy outdoor (0.7-3.6 ℃ cooling) and indoor (0.5-1.2 ℃ cooling), compared to existing RC materials and commercial cotton. In addition, the POM nano-textile also possesses good wearability. When the POM nano-textile is tailored onto a protective clothing, it provides better cooling performance than its commercial counterpart. This work provides an alternative pathway towards multi-scenario personal thermal management.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising candidates for numerous cutting-edge fields because of their excellent properties. However, the inherent black color of CNTs cannot satisfy the aesthetic/fashion requirement, and the flammability of CNTs severely restricts their application in high-temperature environments with oxygen. Here, we realized a structural coloration of CNTs by coating them with amorphous TiO 2 layers. By tuning the TiO 2 coating thickness, both CNT fibers and membranes exhibited controllable and brilliant colors, which exhibited remarkable superdurability that could endure 2000 cycles of laundering tests and more than 10 months of high-intensity ultraviolet irradiation. The TiO 2 -coated CNTs exhibited a notable fire-retardant performance and could endure 8 hours of fire burning. The structural coloration of CNTs with excellent fire retardance substantially improves their performance and broadens their applications.

As a new photoluminescent nanomaterial, carbon quantum dots (CDs) have great potential in the detection of food ingredients and contaminants, owing to its merits of ease in preparation, good biocompatibility, adjustable modification, and various fluorescence response methods. However, since the rules of CDs in detecting different substances are rarely summarized by existing reports, the design of probes is blind in most cases. In this review, CDs are introduced, and the synthesis methods and optical properties of CDs are discussed. Fluorescence response mechanism of CDs in the detection of metal ions, drugs, food additives, bacteria, and nutrients has been analyzed and compared. As a result, design methods of CDs probes are divided into three, and introduction of functional groups on the surface of CDs was confirmed to be the core of design. Intermolecular interactions that different target substances tend to occur are summarized, which determines the choice of carbon source and synthesis method. Advantages, weaknesses and development trends of CDs fluorescence detection in food safety are discussed.