9 results on '"Winston, Morgan"'
Search Results
2. Early successional trajectory of benthic community in an uninhabited reef system three years after mass coral bleaching
- Author
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Huntington, Brittany, Weible, Rebecca, Halperin, Ariel, Winston, Morgan, McCoy, Kaylyn, Amir, Corinne, Asher, Jacob, and Vargas-Angel, Bernardo
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Comparative Analysis of Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever Spirochaetes from Ethiopia and Nigeria
- Author
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Adefolake A. Bankole, Bersissa Kumsa, Gezahegne Mamo, Ndudim I. Ogo, Nusirat Elelu, Winston Morgan, and Sally J. Cutler
- Subjects
soft ticks ,ruminants ,Ethiopia ,Nigeria ,tick-borne relapsing fever ,Medicine - Abstract
Despite increasing reports of tick-borne diseases in Africa, remarkably, reports of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) in Nigeria are lacking. Ornithodoros savignyi from Nigeria have been reported with the relapsing fever Candidatus Borrelia kalaharica. Conversely, in Ethiopia, the agent of relapsing fever is the louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) spirochaete Borrelia recurrentis with no TBRF reported to occur. A total of 389 Ornithodoros ticks, Ethiopia (N = 312) and Nigeria (N = 77), were sampled, together with 350 cattle, and 200 goat sera were collected from Nigeria. Samples were screened for Borrelia spp. by RT-PCR. Reactive samples were confirmed, then sequenced using flagellin B, 16S rRNA, and 16S–23S intergenic spacer region. The prevalence of Borrelia spp. in livestock was 3.8% (21/550) and 14% (3/21) after final molecular confirmation. Of 312 ticks from Ethiopia, 3.5% (11/312) were positive for Borrelia, with 36% (4/11) by conventional PCR. Sequencing revealed that the borreliae in soft ticks was C. B. kalaharica, whilst that found in animals was Borrelia theileri. Soft ticks were confirmed by sequencing 7% (22/312) and 12% (9/77) of the Ethiopian and Nigerian ticks, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these were Ornithodoros savignyi. This is the first evidence of C. B. kalaharica in Ethiopia and demonstrates the co-existence of TBRF in a country endemic to LBRF. Important, this might cause a diagnostic challenge given that LBRF is predominantly diagnosed by microscopy, which cannot differentiate these two spirochaetes. Furthermore, we report B. theileri in ruminants in Nigeria, which may also be of veterinary and economic importance.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Race, geographical location and other risk factors for hypertension: South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011/12
- Author
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Sasiragha Priscilla Reddy, Anthony David Mbewu, David R. Williams, Nigel Walsh Harriman, Ronel Sewpaul, Justin Winston Morgan, Sibusiso Sifunda, Thabang Manyaapelo, and Musawenkosi Mabaso
- Subjects
Hypertension ,South Africa ,Race ,African ,Social stressors ,Stress ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Background: Hypertension is the leading cardiovascular disease in Africa. It is increasing in prevalence due partly to the epidemiological transition that African countries, including South Africa, are undergoing. This epidemiological transition is characterised by a nutrition transition andurbanisation; resulting in behavioural, environmental and stress changes that are subject to racial and geographic divides. The South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES) examined the association of traditional risk factors; and less traditional risk factors such as race, geographical location, social stressors and psychological distress with hypertension in a national population-based sample of South Africans. Methods: Data were analysed on individuals ≥15 years who underwent a physical examination in the SANHANES (n = 7443). Hypertension was defined by blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or self-reported hypertension medication usage. Stepwise regression examined the association of demographic, socioeconomic, life stressors, and health risk factors with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and hypertension. Secondly, the risk factor associations and geographical location effects were investigated separately for the African race group. Results: Increasing age (AOR = 1.069, p
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Family Stressors and Resources as Social Determinants of Health among Caregivers and Young Children
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Natalie Slopen, Benjamin Le Cook, Justin Winston Morgan, Michael William Flores, Camila Mateo, Cynthia Garcia Coll, Dolores Acevedo Garcia, Naomi Priest, Elaine Wethington, Esther Lee, Margo Moyer, Nathaniel M. Tran, Sandra Krumholz, and David R. Williams
- Subjects
stressors ,protective factors ,children ,caregivers ,health ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Life course-informed theories of development suggest it is important to integrate information about positive and negative aspects of the social environment into studies of child and parental wellbeing, including both stressors that compromise health and resources that promote well-being. We recruited a sample of 169 pairs of caregivers and young children (birth to 5 years) from a community health clinic and administered survey questions to assess stressors and resources. We constructed inventories of stressors and resources and examined the relationships between these inventories and caregivers’ depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep problems, and young children’s medical diagnoses derived from electronic health records. Cumulative stressors and resources displayed bivariate and adjusted associations with caregivers’ depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep problems. For depressive and anxiety symptoms, these associations were evident in models that included stressors and resources together. Caregivers with high stressors and low resources displayed the highest levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and sleep problems. In terms of children’s health outcomes, only modest trends were evident for developmental/mental health outcomes, but not other diagnostic categories. Future studies are needed to examine stressors and resources together in larger samples and in relation to prospectively assessed measures of child well-being.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Coral taxonomy and local stressors drive bleaching prevalence across the Hawaiian Archipelago in 2019
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Winston, Morgan, primary, Oliver, Thomas, additional, Couch, Courtney, additional, Donovan, Mary K., additional, Asner, Gregory P., additional, Conklin, Eric, additional, Fuller, Kimberly, additional, Grady, Bryant W., additional, Huntington, Brittany, additional, Kageyama, Kazuki, additional, Kindinger, Tye L., additional, Kozar, Kelly, additional, Kramer, Lindsey, additional, Martinez, Tatiana, additional, McCutcheon, Amanda, additional, McKenna, Sheila, additional, Rodgers, Ku‘ulei, additional, Shayler, Cameron Kaʻilikea, additional, Vargas-Angel, Bernardo, additional, and Zgliczynski, Brian, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Diabetes Mellitus in South Africa: Results from the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1)
- Author
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Sibusiso Sifunda, Anthony David Mbewu, Musawenkosi Mabaso, Thabang Manyaapelo, Ronel Sewpaul, Justin Winston Morgan, Nigel Walsh Harriman, David R. Williams, and Sasiragha Priscilla Reddy
- Subjects
non-communicable diseases (NCDs) ,diabetes ,psychosocial determinants ,psychological distress ,epidemiological transition ,Black South African ,urban ,rural ,South Africa ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Abstract
In South Africa, there are a limited number of population estimates of the prevalence of diabetes and its association with psychosocial factors. This study investigates the prevalence of diabetes and its psychosocial correlates in both the general South African population and the Black South African subpopulation using data from the SANHANES-1. Diabetes was defined as a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.5% or currently on diabetes treatment. Multivariate ordinary least squares and logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with HbA1c and diabetes, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher among participants who identified as Indian, followed by White and Coloured people, and lowest among Black South Africans. General population models indicated that being Indian, older aged, having a family history of diabetes, and being overweight and obese were associated with HbA1c and diabetes, and crowding was inversely associated with HbA1c and diabetes. HbA1c was inversely associated with being White, having higher education, and residing in areas with higher levels of neighborhood crime and alcohol use. Diabetes was positively associated with psychological distress. The study highlights the importance of addressing the risk factors of psychological distress, as well as traditional risk factors and social determinants of diabetes, in the prevention and control of diabetes at individual and population levels.
- Published
- 2023
8. Family Stressors and Resources as Social Determinants of Health among Caregivers and Young Children
- Author
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Natalie Slopen, Benjamin Le Cook, Justin Winston Morgan, Michael William Flores, Camila Mateo, Cynthia Garcia Coll, Dolores Acevedo Garcia, Naomi Priest, Elaine Wethington, Esther Lee, Margo Moyer, Nathaniel M. Tran, Sandra Krumholz, and David R. Williams
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,stressors ,protective factors ,children ,caregivers ,health - Abstract
Life course-informed theories of development suggest it is important to integrate information about positive and negative aspects of the social environment into studies of child and parental wellbeing, including both stressors that compromise health and resources that promote well-being. We recruited a sample of 169 pairs of caregivers and young children (birth to 5 years) from a community health clinic and administered survey questions to assess stressors and resources. We constructed inventories of stressors and resources and examined the relationships between these inventories and caregivers’ depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep problems, and young children’s medical diagnoses derived from electronic health records. Cumulative stressors and resources displayed bivariate and adjusted associations with caregivers’ depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep problems. For depressive and anxiety symptoms, these associations were evident in models that included stressors and resources together. Caregivers with high stressors and low resources displayed the highest levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and sleep problems. In terms of children’s health outcomes, only modest trends were evident for developmental/mental health outcomes, but not other diagnostic categories. Future studies are needed to examine stressors and resources together in larger samples and in relation to prospectively assessed measures of child well-being.
- Published
- 2021
9. Supporting Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management in meeting multiple objectives for sustainable use of coral reef ecosystems.
- Author
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Weijerman, Mariska, Oyafuso, Zack S, Leong, Kirsten M, Oleson, Kirsten L L, and Winston, Morgan
- Subjects
FISHERY management ,CORAL reefs & islands ,CORAL reef conservation ,CORALS ,MARINE parks & reserves ,ECOSYSTEM dynamics ,CORAL reef restoration ,ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management is a holistic management approach that integrates the dynamics of an entire ecosystem, including societal dimensions. However, this approach seldom lives up to its promise because economic and social objectives are rarely specified. To fill this gap, we explored how an ecosystem model could better integrate economic and social objectives, using the coral reef ecosystem around Hawai'i as a case study. After meeting with stakeholders and conducting a literature review of policy/strategy documents, we identified societal and ecological objectives and associated performance indicators for which data existed. We developed a social–ecological system conceptual framework to illustrate the relationships between ecological and social state components. This framework was the foundation for the development of the final social–ecological system model which we simulated using an Ecopath with Ecosim model. We simulated four gear/species restrictions for the reef-based fishery, two fishing scenarios associated with the opening of hypothetical no-take Marine Protected Areas for the deepwater-based fishery, and a Constant Effort (No Action) scenario. Despite limitations in the model, our approach shows that when social and economic objectives and social–ecological relationships are defined, we can quantify the trade-offs among the identified societal objectives to support managers in choosing among alternative interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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