9 results on '"Worrell, E."'
Search Results
2. How much can combinations of measures reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions from European livestock husbandry and feed cultivation?
- Author
-
aan den Toorn, S.I., primary, Worrell, E., additional, and van den Broek, M.A., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. From baselines to deep reductions. Improving the modeling of industrial energy demand
- Author
-
Katerina Kermeli, Worrell, E., Crijns - Graus, W.H.J., and University Utrecht
- Subjects
cement ,industry ,Energy demand ,energy models ,aluminium ,energy modelling ,Environmental engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,energy savings ,IAMs ,chemistry ,Aluminium ,industry, energy efficiency, energy savings, aluminium, cement, energy models, IAMs, energy modelling ,Environmental science ,energy efficiency ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
Despite past energy efficiency improvements and decarbonization efforts, the industrial sector is still responsible for 40% of global energy consumption and more than 43% of global CO2 emissions. It is shown that the role of energy efficiency in combination with increased recycling will be key in reducing industrial energy demand, achieving reductions of approximately one quarter by 2050. But how is the industrial sector represented in most long-term energy models, models widely used for policy assessment and for evaluating different decarbonization pathways? Not in adequate detail, as it is found that very few models capture industrial details while many represent the industrial sector as a whole. But even the more industry detailed energy models could profit by adding knowledge on key areas from bottom-up industry analysis and material flow analysis and improve their projections. Improvements assessed include the energy efficiency and material efficiency options, industry inter-linkages, and change in the approaches used for material demand projections. Results have pointed that i) cost-effective energy efficiency measures do exist, but they are commonly overlooked by models, ii) policies in one sector impact the CO2 emissions in another sector (e.g., the facing out of coal-fired power plants will limit the generation of by-products used for CO2 reduction in the cement industry) and, iii) demand projections can be drastically different when results from material flow analysis are used instead of the simplified and widely used approach of relating historical trends between economic activity and consumption levels.
- Published
- 2021
4. Air Quality and Health Implications of Coal Power Retirements Attributed to Industrial Electricity Savings in China.
- Author
-
Yue H, Worrell E, Crijns-Graus W, Wagner F, Zhang S, and Hu J
- Subjects
- China, Humans, Air Pollutants, Coal, Air Pollution, Electricity, Power Plants
- Abstract
The coal-dominated electricity system, alongside increasing industrial electricity demand, places China into a dilemma between industrialization and environmental impacts. A practical solution is to exploit air quality and health cobenefits of industrial energy efficiency measures, which has not yet been integrated into China's energy transition strategy. This research examines the pivotal role of industrial electricity savings in accelerating coal plant retirements and assesses the nexus of energy-pollution-health by modeling nationwide coal-fired plants at individual unit level. It shows that minimizing electricity needs by implementing more efficient technologies leads to the phaseout of 1279 hyper-polluting units (subcritical, <300 MW) by 2040, advancing the retirement of these units by an average of 7 years (3-16 years). The retirements at different locations yield varying levels of air quality improvements (9-17%), across six power grids. Reduced exposure to PM
2.5 could avoid 123,100 pollution-related cumulative deaths over the next 20 years from 2020, of which ∼75% occur in the Central, East, and North grids, particularly coal-intensive and populous provinces (e.g., Shandong and Jiangsu). These findings provide key indicators to support geographically specific policymaking and lay out a rationale for decision-makers to incorporate multiple benefits into early coal phaseout strategies to avoid lock-in risk.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The UK National Artificial Eye Questionnaire Study: comparisons between cosmetic shell and artificial eye users. Part 2: maintenance, management and quality of life.
- Author
-
Ullrich K, Worrell E, Shapira Y, Litwin A, and Malhotra R
- Subjects
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, State Medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, United Kingdom, Eye, Artificial, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Aims: To compare the unique experiences related to artificial eye (AE) versus cosmetic shell (CS) wear., Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, the National Artificial Eye Questionnaire was employed nationwide within the National Health Service England. This second part of the study assesses daily management and care experiences, as well as visual function and quality of life aspects., Results: Overall, 951 respondents wore an AE, while 238 wore a CS. Both AE and CS respondents rated a relatively high score for a beneficial effect of prosthesis polishing, with an average score of 80.08±0.87 versus 77.17±1.73 (p=0.13, respectively). CS respondents removed and cleaned their prosthesis more frequently than AE respondents (p<0.0001, p=0.002, respectively). CS respondents instilled lubrication more frequently than AE respondents (p=0.022) with 33.3% versus 43.7% of AE and CS wearers, respectively, lubricating on at least a daily basis. The overall QOL composite score was similar in both AE and CS groups (approximately 77%, p=0.74). Social functioning was similar, and relatively high in both groups (approximately 86%, p=0.77)., Conclusions: This study characterises unique aspects of CSs versus AEs in a large national cohort. The results should provide reinforcement to the gain in popularity of CSs., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Bottom-up estimates of deep decarbonization of U.S. manufacturing in 2050.
- Author
-
Worrell E and Boyd G
- Abstract
The world needs to rapidly reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) emission to stave off the risks of disastrous climate change. In particular, decarbonizing U.S. manufacturing industries is particularly challenging due to the specific process requirements. This study estimates the potential for future CO2 emission reductions in this important sector. The analysis is a detailed accounting exercise that relies on estimates of emission-reduction potential from other studies and applies those potentials to the manufacturing sector using a bottom-up approach. The actions are grouped into four "pillars" that support deep decarbonization of manufacturing (DDM): Energy Efficiency, Material Efficiency, Industry-Specific, and Power Grid. Based on this bottom-up approach, the analysis shows that an 86% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from the Reference Case is feasible. No single pillar dominates DDM, although opportunities vary widely by sub-sector. The analysis shows that a strategy incorporating a broad set of elements from each pillar can be effective instead of relying on any single pillar. Some pillars, such as Energy Efficiency and Material Efficiency, have wide applicability; others have key niche roles that are Industry-Specific; the Power Grid pillar requires interaction between grid decarbonization and industry action to switch from fossil fuels to zero-carbon electricity where appropriate.- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The UK National Artificial Eye Questionnaire Study: predictors of artificial eye wearers' experience Part 2 - visual function and quality of life.
- Author
-
Shapira Y, Worrell E, Litwin AS, and Malhotra R
- Subjects
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Eye, Artificial, Humans, Male, State Medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, United Kingdom, Anophthalmos, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Objectives: To report associations with visual function and quality of life (QOL) in artificial eye wearers., Methods: Multicentre, observational, cross-sectional, nationwide study, within the National Health Service England. Items were adopted from the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire, and incorporated in the National Artificial Eye Questionnaire (NAEQ). The NAEQ was completed by 951 respondents. Multiple regressions assessed associations between the QOL scores and the experiences of artificial eye wearers, their routine management, changes over time, baseline and demographic parameters., Results: Parameters predictive of a better QOL composite score included longer artificial eye wear (β = 0.18, p < 0.001), better appearance (β = 0.17, p < 0.001), better comfort (β = 0.14, p = 0.001), tumour-related anophthalmia (β = 0.13, p = 0.003), male gender (β = 0.13, p < 0.001), shorter period of adjustment to monocular vision (β = 0.12, p < 0.001) and use of soap for cleaning (β = 0.09, p = 0.046). The composite score continued to improve beyond 10 years of prosthesis wear (≤2 years mean 72.80 ± 1.65 versus >10 years mean 79.45 ± 0.70; p = 0.001). Both better prosthesis appearance (β = 0.14, p = 0.022) and improved motility (β = 0.13, p = 0.042) predicted a better dependency score. Use of lubricating ointment predicted a worse dependency score (β = 0.23, p = 0.003). Neither the frequency of removal, nor the cleaning frequency of the artificial eye correlated with QOL scales., Conclusions: Multiple factors in the artificial eye experience were found to predict visual function and QOL aspects. This study underscores the need to generate a dedicated QOL questionnaire for use in anophthalmic patients., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Royal College of Ophthalmologists.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. UK National Artificial Eye Questionnaire study: comparisons between cosmetic shell and artificial eye users. Part 1: demographics, comfort and satisfaction.
- Author
-
Shapira Y, Worrell E, Ullrich K, Litwin A, and Malhotra R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prosthesis Fitting, State Medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, United Kingdom epidemiology, Young Adult, Eye, Artificial statistics & numerical data, Patient Satisfaction, Personal Satisfaction
- Abstract
Aims: To compare the unique experiences related to artificial eye (AE) versus cosmetic shell (CS) wear., Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, the National Artificial Eye Questionnaire (NAEQ) was employed nationwide within the National Health Service England. The proportions or mean values of the aetiology of sight or eye loss, demographics, length of prosthesis wear, reported adjustment time to the prosthesis, comfort, discharge and satisfaction of appearance were compared between AE and CS respondents., Results: Overall, 951 respondents wore an AE, while 238 wore a CS. In both, trauma was the leading cause for the prosthesis (47.6% and 44.1%, respectively); however, these groups differed in the proportions of the other aetiologies (p<0.0001). AE respondents were generally older (p=0.002) and had longer overall prosthesis wear (p<0.0001) compared with CS respondents. The overall comfort score was similarly, relatively high in both AE and CS respondents (80.4±0.73 vs 81.41±1.45; p=0.51). The discharge-related patient satisfaction ranking was relatively low, in both groups, with a small trend towards worse discharge scores among AE wearers (59.41±0.76 vs 62.26±1.52, p=0.094). Self-reported length of time that has taken to adjust to wearing the prosthesis was not significantly different (p=0.17). Appearance of the eye (p=0.032) and motility of the prosthesis (p<0.0001) were ranked superior by CS respondents compared with AE., Conclusions: This study characterises unique aspects of CS versus AE in a large national cohort. The results should provide reinforcement to the gain in popularity of CS., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The UK National Artificial Eye Questionnaire study: predictors of artificial eye wearers' experience part 1-comfort and satisfaction.
- Author
-
Shapira Y, Worrell E, Litwin AS, and Malhotra R
- Subjects
- Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Male, Patient Satisfaction, Personal Satisfaction, State Medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, United Kingdom, Dry Eye Syndromes, Eye, Artificial
- Abstract
Objectives: To report associations with comfort and with appearance satisfaction in artificial eye wearers., Methods: Multicentre, observational, cross-sectional study, nationwide within the National Health Service England. The National Artificial Eye Questionnaire (NAEQ) was completed by 951 respondents. Multiple regressions assessed associations between the experiences of artificial eye wearers, routine management, changes over time, baseline and demographic parameters and their reported comfort, satisfaction with appearance and prosthesis motility., Results: Better comfort levels were associated with needing less lubrication (β = 0.24, p < 0.001), older age (β = 0.17, p = 0.014), less discharge (β = 0.16, p < 0.001), less frequent cleaning (β = 0.16, p = 0.043), and male gender (β = 0.06, p = 0.047). Greater satisfaction with the appearance of the artificial eye was associated with better perceived motility (β = 0.57, p < 0.001). Black ethnic origin predicted a lower satisfaction with the appearance (β = -0.17, p = 0.001). Greater satisfaction with the motility was associated with a better appearance rating (β = 0.51, p < 0.001), longer time of having an artificial eye (β = 0.13, p < 0.001), older age (β = 0.11, p = 0.042), and a shorter adjustment time (β = -0.07, p = 0.016). Of the testimonials concerning appearance aspects, the majority (21/45, 46.7%) were related to the effect on social interactions., Conclusions: The results suggest that more attention should be given to the "dry anophthalmic socket syndrome" as a key cause of discomfort. Young patients are concerned particularly about the motility of the artificial eye. Over time satisfaction with the artificial eye movement is likely to improve., (© 2020. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Royal College of Ophthalmologists.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.