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This study explored the associations between peripheral immunity with cerebral small vessel diseases. Older adults without dementia from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were investigated. Peripheral blood was obtained, and magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure cerebral microbleeds (CMB), lacunar infarctions (LI), and white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Multivariable-adjusted regression models, linear mixed-effects models, and the Spearman correlations were used to evaluate the associations. At baseline, individuals with greater neutrophils (odds ratio [OR] =1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.20, p =0.042) and monocytes (OR=1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.22, p =0.016) had higher WMH volume. On the contrary, a higher lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) was related to lower WMH volume (OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.82–1.00, p =0.041). Longitudinally, higher neutrophils (ρ=0.084, p =0.049) and NLR (ρ=0.111, p =0.009) predicted accelerated progression of WMH volume, while a greater LMR (ρ=−0.101, p =0.018) was linked to slower growth of WMH volume. Nevertheless, associations between peripheral immunity with CMB or LI were not observed at baseline and follow-up. Our study found that peripheral immune indexes could serve as convenient noninvasive biomarkers of WMH. • Participants with higher LMR at baseline had a lower risk of WMH. • Lower LMR or higher NLR at baseline predicted faster WMH progression longitudinally. • Innate immunity and adaptive immunity may play opposite roles in CSVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep disorders are associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Limited studies have focused on excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and its impact on jaw functions in TMD patients. Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to identify the impact of EDS on pain and jaw function in TMD patients. Methods: A total of 338 TMD patients (50 males and 288 females) was included. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to classify patients into EDS group (score ≥ 10) and non‐EDS group (score < 10). The Jaw Functional Limitation Scale 8‐item (JFLS‐8) was used to assess the severity of jaw dysfunction. Pain intensity was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7‐item (GAD‐7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9‐item (PHQ‐9). All included patients were diagnosed with pain‐related TMD (PT), intra‐articular TMD (IT) or combined TMD (CT). Results: Compared with non‐EDS patients, EDS patients exhibited more severe jaw dysfunction, greater pain intensity and higher PHQ‐9 scores (p <.05). Multivariate analyses showed that EDS (B = 3.69), female gender (B = 3.69), and elevated GAD‐7 score (B = 0.73) were significantly associated with an increased score on the JFLS‐8 (p <.05). Moreover, bivariate logistic regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between EDS and PT (OR = 2.70, p =.007). Conclusion: The presence of EDS was more closely related to PT, but the causal relationship between them needs to be further confirmed. More concern and intervention to alleviate poor sleep quality might be highlighted during the treatment of TMD, especially PT subtype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Due to anatomical and functional similarities in microvascular beds, the brain and kidney share distinctive susceptibilities to vascular injury and common risk factors of small vessel disease. The aim of this updated meta-analysis is to explore the association between kidney function and the burden of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for observational studies that explored the association between the indicators of kidney function and CSVD neuroimaging markers. The highest-adjusted risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were aggregated using random-effect models. Results: Twelve longitudinal studies and 51 cross-sectional studies with 57,030 subjects met the inclusion criteria of systematic review, of which 52 were included in quantitative synthesis. According to the pooled results, we found that low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was associated with cerebral microbleeds (odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.26–1.90), white matter hyperintensities (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.05–1.86), and lacunar infarctions (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.18–1.92), but not with severe perivascular spaces (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.77–1.88). Likewise, patients with proteinuria (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.47–2.09) or elevated serum cystatin C (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.25–1.83) also had an increased risk of CSVD. Conclusion: The association between kidney function and CSVD has been comprehensively updated through this study, that kidney insufficiency manifested as low eGFR, proteinuria, and elevated serum cystatin C was independently associated with CSVD burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative study on the enhancement mechanism by various twisted tapes (TTs) in association with the local flow pattern is investigated in detail via computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The effect of gap between TT and tube is further examined based on prior experimental validation. Result shows that the Nusselt number and friction factor will be increased by 12.6% and 18.1%, respectively, and the comprehensive thermal performance (CTP) will be improved from 1.05-1.07 to 1.12-1.15 when the gap is reduced from 1.0 mm to zero. The obtuse V-cut design in the experimental study shows superior performance, and the related enhancement mechanisms by windward, isosceles, and leeward V-cut configurations are numerically investigated. By comparing the local streamline at V-cut regions and the velocity distribution on the cross section, the windward V-cut might notably introduce fluid into the cut region and toward the tube wall subsequently, thereby resulting in effective heat transfer augmentation near the tube wall. Compared to the isosceles V-cut TT, the CTP of windward V-cut TT can be augmented from 1.15-1.18 to 1.16-1.21. However, the leeward V-cut TT will impair the CTP due to its inconsistent turbulence direction to the main helical flow. On the other hand, it is also indicated that fabricating three windward V-cuts at each helical pitch shows the highest improvement on CTP. Further increment of V-cut number may reversely reduce the CTP because of the rapid increase of flow resistance. Moreover, fabricating windward V-cuts on bilateral edges of the TT shows limited improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To explore the relationship between craniomaxillofacial features and psychological distress among adult pretreatment orthodontic patients. Methods. A group of 190 patients (95 males and 95 females) was included. Questionnaires including the Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) were sent to patients, and cephalograms were collected. Patients were divided into two groups according to K10 score: psychological distress group (score ≥ 20) and no psychological distress group (score < 20). Nineteen hard tissue and thirteen soft tissue parameters were traced on cephalograms to characterize the craniomaxillofacial features. Results. There was no significant difference in gender or age distribution between the two groups. Male patients with psychological distress showed statistically significantly larger anterior facial height (AFH) (126.62 mm vs. 120.97 mm), upper lip length (25.11 mm vs. 23.26 mm), and smaller overbite (1.21 mm vs. 2.75 mm) than patients without psychological distress. Male patients with hyperdivergent pattern and open bite were more likely to have psychological distress. None of the parameters showed statistical differences across groups in females. Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (r = 0.235), Bjork's sum (r = 0.311), AFH (r = 0.322), overbite (r = − 0.238), AFH/posterior facial height (r = 0.251), and upper anterior facial height (UAFH)/lower anterior facial height (LAFH) (r = − 0.230) were correlated with K10 score in males. After adjusting gender and age, the AFH (B = 0.147) and UAFH/LAFH (B = − 14.923) were significantly related with the K10 score. Conclusion. Psychological distress was mainly correlated with hyperdivergent pattern, open bite, and larger lower anterior facial height proportion in pretreatment orthodontic patients. Orthodontists should be aware of the possible underlying psychological distress in patients with specific craniomaxillofacial features. Clinical assessment of psychological distress may need to take into account gender differences in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monolayer BSi has received much attention due to its potential applications in the field of energy storage and superconductivity. However, the mechanical properties of monolayer BSi have not been fully elucidated yet. In this paper, the morphology, elastic constants and Young's moduli of raw and C, N, P, and S doped monolayer BSi have been investigated by the first principle density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The monolayer BSi exhibits an anisotropic mechanical performance. The results indicate that the C, N, P and S doping affect the value of Young's modulus of BSi, as well as the modulus distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histone modification is an important form of epigenetic regulation. Thereinto, histone methylation is a critical determination of chromatin states, participating in multiple cellular processes. As a conserved histone methylation mark, histone 3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) can mediate multiple transcriptional-related events, such as the regulation of transcriptional activity, transcription elongation, pre-mRNA alternative splicing, and RNA m6A methylation. Additionally, H3K36me3 also contributes to DNA damage repair. Given the crucial function of H3K36me3 in genome regulation, the roles of H3K36me3 and its sole methyltransferase SETD2 in pathogenesis, especially malignancies, have been emphasized in many studies, and it is conceivable that disruption of histone methylation regulatory network composed of "writer", "eraser", "reader", and the mutation of H3K36me3 codes have the capacity of powerfully modulating cancer initiation and development. Here we review H3K36me3-mediated biological processes and summarize the latest findings regarding its role in cancers. We highlight the significance of epigenetic combination therapies in cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A quantum battery consisting of an ensemble two-level atom is investigated. The battery is charged simultaneously by a harmonic field and an electrostatic field. The results show that the hybrid charging is superior to the previous case of only harmonic field charging in terms of battery capacity and charging power, regardless of whether the interaction between atoms is considered or not. In addition, the repulsive interaction between atoms will increase the battery capacity and charging power, while the attractive interaction between atoms will reduce the battery capacity and discharge power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The potential application of monolayer BSi in Li- and Mg-storage has been investigated. • BSi exhibits theoretical capacities of 1374/2749 mAhg−1 towards Li/Mg storage. • The optimized adsorption site on the BSi surface was calculated. Monolayer BSi has been theoretically predicted as a phonon-mediated superconductor. The structural characteristics make two-dimensional (2D) BSi sheets an attractive anode material for rechargeable batteries as well as graphene. In this paper, the band structure, theoretical capacity, open circuit voltage and ion diffusion path of monolayer BSi are systematically investigated by first principle calculation. The monolayer BSi nanosheet exhibits theoretical capacities of 1374 mAhg−1 and 2749 mAhg−1 towards Li and Mg storage, respectively. The controllable volume change and high ion diffusion rate guarantee the high performance of monolayer BSi in Li- and Mg-ion batteries. These results can help to understand the energy-storage mechanisms and evaluate the potential application of 2D BSi materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression, a mood disorder, affects one in fifteen adults, has multiple risk factors and is associated with complicated underlying pathological mechanisms. P-coumaric acid (p-CA), a phenolic acid, is widely distributed in vegetables, fruits and mushrooms. P-CA has demonstrated a protective role against oxidative stress and inflammation in various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. In the current study, we investigated the protection of p-CA against depression and memory impairment in a corticosterone (CORT)-induced chronic depressive mouse model. CORT administration resulted in depression-like behaviors and memory impairment. P-CA treatment alleviated CORT-induced depression-related behaviors and memory impairment. Network pharmacology predicted that p-CA had multiple targets and mediated various signaling pathways, of which inflammation-associated targets and signaling pathways are predominant. Western blotting showed CORT-induced activation of the advanced glycation end product (AGE)-receptor of AGE (RAGE) (AGE-RAGE) signaling and increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in the hippocampus, while p-CA treatment inactivated AGE-RAGE signaling and decreased the levels of IL-1β and TNFα, suggesting that protection against depression and memory impairment by p-CA is mediated by the inhibition of inflammation, mainly via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Our data suggest that p-CA treatment will benefit patients with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the molecular picture for the D s 1 (2460) and D s 1 (2536) resonances, which are dynamically generated by the interaction of coupled channels, the most important of which are the D ∗ K for the D s 1 (2460) and D K ∗ for the D s 1 (2536) , we evaluate the ratio of decay widths for the B ¯ s 0 → D s 1 (2460) + K - and B ¯ s 0 → D s 1 (2536) + K - decays, the latter of which has been recently investigated by the LHCb collaboration, and we obtain a ratio of the order of unity. The present results should provide an incentive for the related decay into the D s 1 (2460) resonance to be performed, which would provide valuable information on the nature of these two resonances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing heart valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: Elderly patients undergoing elective heart valve surgery with CPB in The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between March 2022 and March 2023 were selected for this investigation. They were divided into a POD group and a non-POD group. Their baseline information was collected and recorded, and the patients were subjected to neurocognitive function assessment using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scales before surgery. We also recorded their intraoperative indicators such as duration of surgery, duration of CPB, duration of aortic cross-clamp, blood transfusion, and postoperative indicators such as duration of mechanical ventilation, postoperative 24-hour drainage volume, and pain score. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was monitored intraoperatively by near-infrared spectroscopy based INVOS5100C Regional Oximeter. Patients were assessed for the occurrence of POD using Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit, and logistic regression analysis of risk factors for POD was performed. Results: The study finally included 132 patients, with 47 patients in the POD group and 85 ones in the non-POD group. There were no significant differences in baseline information and preoperative indicators between the two groups. However, marked differences were identified in duration of surgery, duration of CPB, duration of aortic cross-clamp, duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, postoperative length of stay in cardiac intensive care unit, postoperative length of hospital stay, intraoperative blood transfusion, postoperative pain score, and postoperative 24-hour drainage volume between the two groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the two groups had significant differences in rScO2 at each intraoperative time point and in the difference of rScO2 from baseline at each intraoperative time point (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that duration of surgery > 285 min (OR, 1.021 [95% CI, 1.008–1.035]; p = 0.002), duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation > 23.5 h (OR, 6.210 [95% CI, 1.619–23.815]; p = 0.008), and postoperative CCU stay > 3.5 d (OR, 3.927 [95% CI, 1.046–14.735]; p = 0.043) were independent risk factors of the occurrence of POD while change of rScO2 at T1>50.5 (OR, 0.832 [95% CI 0.736–0.941]; p = 0.003) was a protective factor for POD. Conclusion: Duration of surgery duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation and postoperative CCU stay are risk factors for POD while change of rScO2 at T1 is a protective factor for POD in elderly patients undergoing heart valve surgery with CPB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is known to cause executive dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism underlying METH induced executive dysfunction remains unclear. Go/NoGo experiment was performed in mice to evaluate METH-induced executive dysfunction. Immunoblot analysis of Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), phosphorylated Nrf2 (p-Nrf2), heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Glucose Regulated Protein 78(GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase3 was performed to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in the dorsal striatum (Dstr). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was conducted to evaluate the level of oxidative stress. TUNEL staining was conducted to detect apoptotic neurons. The animal Go/NoGo testing confirmed that METH abuse impaired the inhibitory control ability of executive function. Meanwhile, METH down-regulated the expression of p-Nrf2, HO-1 and GSH-Px and activated ER stress and apoptosis in the Dstr. Microinjection of Tert-butylhydroxyquinone (TBHQ), an Nrf2 agonist, into the Dstr increased the expression of p-Nrf2, HO-1, and GSH-Px, ameliorated ER stress, apoptosis and executive dysfunction caused by METH. Our results indicated that the p-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was potentially involved in mediating methamphetamine-induced executive dysfunction by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in the dorsal striatum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learner dependence on short videos has many pitfalls for learning outcomes, but the negative effects of excessive short video use have been little discussed in the learning psychology literature. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of excessive short video use on anxiety, depression, prospective memory, and academically delayed gratification (ADOG) in relation to online gaming-related behaviours, and explored the possible mechanisms by which excessive online gaming and short video use may lead to decreased ADOG, to expand our understanding of excessive short video use.Methods: Based on the whole class random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in Northern Anhui, China from May 7 to July 27, 2022. The questionnaires included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire Scale (PHQ-9), Prospective and Retrospective Memory (PRM) Questionnaire, and ADOG Scale.Results: A total of 1016 participants completed the survey. The study found that of all the internet behaviors, 20.8% of the college students mainly played online games, 43.9% mainly played short videos, and 35.3% conducted other online behaviors. When compared with other internet behaviors, online gaming and short video behaviors can cause more serious anxiety/depression and worse PRM and ADOG scores. As time spent playing online games and short videos increased, anxiety and depression became worse, and the scores for PRM and ADOG also declined. Anxiety, depression, and PRM mediate the relationship between time spent on online gaming/short videos and ADOG.Conclusion: Excessive short videos behaviour may produce the same psychological problems and learning problems as online gaming disorder. Excessive short video and online gaming behaviors may affect ADOG performance through anxiety, depression, and prospective memory. These findings could be used as a basis for future studies on the improvement of ADOG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgroud: The role of epigenetic modifications in tumorigenesis has been widely reported. However, the role and mechanism of H3K4me3 modification in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are rarely reported systematically. We, therefore, sought to analyze the characteristics of LUAD associated with H3K4me3 modification, build an H3K4me3-lncRNAs score model to predict the prognosis of patients with LUAD and clarify the potential value of H3K4me3 in immunotherapy of LUAD. Methods: We evaluated H3K4me3-lncRNA patterns and H3K4me3-lncRNA scores of 477 LUAD samples based on 53 lncRNAs closely correlated to H3K4me3 regulators and comprehensive analyzed the role of these patterns in tumorigenesis and tumor immunity. Using Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), we systematically evaluated the H3K4me3 level of every sample and deeply analyzed the effect of H3K4me3 on the prognosis of LUAD. In addition, we included two independent immunotherapy cohorts to study the impact of high H3K4me3 score on the prognosis of patients. We also used an independent cohort with 52 matched paraffin specimens of LUAD to verify the impact of high H3K3me3 expression on the prognosis of patients. Results: We identified three H3K4me3-lncRNA patterns that exhibited specific immune characteristics. Characterized by immunosuppressive and increased TGFβ-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), patients with high H3K4me3-lncRNA score had a poor overall survival and decreased H3K4me3 score. H3K4me3 score was significantly positively correlated with CD4+T-cell and CD8+T-cell activation, programmed cell death and immune checkpoints (ICs) expression, and was negatively correlated with MYC pathway, TP53 pathway, and cell proliferation. Patients with high H3K4me3 score showed elevated expression of ICs, potentiated CD4 T-cell and CD8 T-cell activation, increased programmed cell death, and suppressed cell proliferation and TGFβ-mediated EMT. Patients with high H3K4me3 score and high expression of CTLA4, ICOS, TIGIT, PDCD1LG2, IDO1, CD274, PDCD1, LAG3, or HAVCR2 had the best survival advantage. Two independent immunotherapy cohorts verified that patients with high H3K4me3 score showed an increased inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) phenotype and enhanced anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy response. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) data from 52 matched paraffin specimens of LUAD confirmed that the protein level of H3K4me3 in tumor was significantly lower than that of paracancerous tissues and H3K4me3 brought significant survival benefits to patients with LUAD. Conclusions: We build an H3K4me3-lncRNAs score model to predict the prognosis of patients with LUAD. More importantly, this study revealed characteristics of H3K4me3 modification in LUAD and clarified the important potential role of H3K4me3 on tumor immunotherapy and patients' survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have a look at the P c s states generated from the interaction of D ¯ (⁎) Ξ c (′ ⁎) coupled channels. We consider the blocks of pseudoscalar-baryon ( 1 2 + , 3 2 +) and vector-baryon ( 1 2 + , 3 2 +) , and find 10 resonant states coupling mostly to D ¯ Ξ c , D ¯ ⁎ Ξ c , D ¯ Ξ c ′ , D ¯ ⁎ Ξ c ′ , D ¯ Ξ c ⁎ and D ¯ ⁎ Ξ c ⁎. A novel aspect of the work is the realization that the D ¯ Ξ c , D ¯ s Λ c or D ¯ ⁎ Ξ c , D ¯ s ⁎ Λ c channels, with a strong transition potential, collaborate to produce a larger attraction than the corresponding states D ¯ Σ c , D ¯ Λ c or D ¯ ⁎ Σ c , D ¯ ⁎ Λ c appearing in the generation of the strangenessless P c states, since in the latter case the transition potential between those channels is zero. The extra attraction obtained in the D ¯ Ξ c , D ¯ ⁎ Ξ c pairs preclude the association of these channels to the P c s (4338) and P c s (4459) states respectively. Then we find a natural association of the P c s (4338) state coupling mostly to D ¯ ⁎ Ξ c while the P c s (4459) is associated to the state found that couples mostly to D ¯ Ξ c ′. Four more states appear, like in other molecular pictures, and some of the states are degenerate in spin. Counting different spin states we find 10 states, which we hope can be observed in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: PolyC-RNA-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) functions as a tumour suppressor and RNA regulator that is downregulated in human cancers. Here, we aimed to reveal the biological function of PCBP1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).Methods: First, PCBP1 was identified as an important biomarker that maintains LUAD through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project screening and confirmed by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Via colony formation, CCK8, IncuCyte cell proliferation, wound healing and Transwell assays, we confirmed that PCBP1 was closely related to the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells. The downstream gene DKK1 was discovered by RNA sequencing of PCBP1 knockdown cells. The underlying mechanisms were further investigated using western blot, qPCR, RIP, RNA pulldown and mRNA stability assays.Results: We demonstrate that PCBP1 is downregulated in LUAD tumour tissues. The reduction in PCBP1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of LUAD in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the RNA-binding protein PCBP1 represses LUAD by stabilizing DKK1 mRNA. Subsequently, decreased expression of the DKK1 protein relieves the inhibitory effect on the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Taken together, these results show that PCBP1 acts as a tumour suppressor gene, inhibiting the tumorigenesis of LUAD.Conclusions: We found that PCBP1 inhibits LUAD development by upregulating DKK1 to inactivate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our findings highlight the potential of PCBP1 as a promising therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation, the main factor in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), impairs the chondrogenesis of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which is an appealing process to target to regenerate impaired articular cartilage. This article aimed to investigate whether SP600125, a competitive ATP-specific inhibitor of the JNK pathway, could promote the chondrogenesis of BMSCs by enhancing their anti-inflammatory capacity. Chondrogenic differentiation was assessed by Alcian blue staining, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot. The inflammation level was associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp), evaluated by Western blot. Intra-articular injection of BMSCs pretreated with or without SP600125 was carried out on C57BL/6 mice after inducing OA by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus. Safranin O-fast green (SO) and hematoxylin-eosin staining were employed to evaluate the cartilage destruction and immunohistochemical analysis was adopted to detect the expression of Col2 and Mmp-13 proteins in the mouse knee joint. We showed that SP600125 could inhibit inflammation induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and promote the chondrogenesis of BMSCs. In the presence of TNF-α, the expression of aggrecan (Agc) and collagen type II alpha 1 (Col2) was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group and increased with the addition of SP600125. Moreover, the expression of Mmp-1, Mmp-3, and Mmp-13 was increased in BMSCs treated only with TNF-α and downregulated in SP600125-treated BMSCs. In vivo study showed that SP600125 could enhance protective effects of BMSCs on OA mice. Our results indicated that SP600125 rescued the chondrogenesis of BMSCs by inhibiting inflammation induced by TNF-α, which provides a theoretical basis for solving the problem of cartilage repair under inflammatory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To review the clinicopathologic features of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the urinary bladder.Methods: Seven cases of bladder PEComa were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).Results: In our 7 cases, 5 patients were female and 2 were male, with ages between 26 and 78 years. Patients presented with hematuria and recurrent abdominal discomfort as the main clinical symptoms. Microscopically, the epithelioid and spindle-shaped tumor cells with clear to granular eosinophilic cytoplasm were arranged in fascicular, acinar, or nested patterns. The tumor cells were positive for HMB45, melan-A, and SMA, but no TFE3 gene rearrangement was detected in any of the 7 samples by FISH. The analysis of all 35 cases from the literature and ours showed a patient age range from 16 to 78 years (mean age, 39 years), a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.3, maximal tumor diameters from 0.6 to 18.8 cm (mean, 4.5 cm). With a mean follow-up of 27 months, the recurrence, metastasis, and mortality rates were 10.7%, 10.7%, and 7.1%, respectively.Conclusions: Bladder PEComa is extremely rare, remains a diagnostic challenge, and needs more attention. Strengthening the understanding of this tumor will improve diagnostic accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, novel stannous oxide@hafnium carbide (SnO@HfC) nanocomposite was successfully manufactured by an appropriate hydrothermal scheme which was utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of BPA by stimulation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and self-cleaning application. Numerous methods were applied for the characterization of photocatalyst and demonstrated the successful preparation of SnO@HfC nanocomposite. The crystal structures, band structures and density of states for SnO and HfC were explored by DFT analysis. The amazing PMS stimulation performance of SnO@HfC nanocomposite originated from the establishment of a heterojunction, which led to the enhancement of the light response aptitude and the electron conduction competence of the composite. BPA was degraded by 0.75 g/L PMS and SnO@HfC at neutral pH during the period of 60 min. In order to identify active groups in the reaction procedure, quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) approaches were also used. In the subsequent active species scavenging assays, where sulfate radicals, hydroxyl radicals, holes, and superoxide radicals were engaged in the degradation of BPA. While, liquid phase mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to pinpoint the intermediate metabolites in the course of degradation. SnO@HfC/PMS/light system delivered excellent TOC removal efficiency and less ions leaching. The SnO@HfC nanocomposite proved good durability and reusability in continuous cycle tests along with excellent self-cleaning function on the glass substrate. The SnO@HfC nanocomposite performs admirably in terms of self-cleaning application. The SnO@HfC nanocomposite is expected to be used in the future for the treatment of wastewater that contains pharmaceuticals due to its superior stability and reusability after five consecutive cycles. [Display omitted] • Mesoporous bifunctional SnO@HfC nanocomposite was prepared. • Excellent synergistic effect was found between PMS and SnO@HfC. • BPA elimination over SnO@HfC/PMS/Light occurred by radical/non-radical. • Degradation mechanism under SnO@HfC/PMS/light system was proposed. • SnO/Hf@SHS has exhibited excellent self-cleaning function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]