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With advances in technology and medical treatment, laparoscopy is increasingly used in hepatic cyst surgery. We hope that the analysis the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic hepatectomy versus open hepatectomy in giant hepatic cyst surgery will provide a theoretical basis for the choice of treatment means for clinicians.By searching CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang, VIP (China Science and Technology Journal Database), CBM (China Biology Medicine disc), PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, all Chinese- and English-language articles on the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic hepatectomy and open hepatectomy for hepatic cysts were collected from database establishment to December 2021. Endnote X9 software was used for data checking and screening. Stata 15.1 software was used to analyze the relevant data. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess heterogeneity and funnel plots were used to detect bias in the results.A total of 43 relevant studies covering 3,375 patients with hepatic cysts were included: 1,733 patients in the laparoscopic hepatectomy group and 1,642 in the open hepatectomy group. Meta-analysis showed that the laparoscopic hepatectomy group had shorter operation time [standard mean difference (SMD) =-2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.63 to -1.92, P0.001], less intraoperative blood loss (SMD =-3.62, 95% CI: -4.22 to -3.02, P0.001), shorter hospital stay (SMD =-2.09, 95% CI: -2.41 to -1.78, P0.001), faster postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery (SMD =-3.94, 95% CI: -4.68 to -3.20, P0.001), and less postoperative complications [odds ratio (OR) =0.45, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.58, P0.001] than the open hepatectomy group, with significant statistical differences. Sensitivity analyses were largely centered, and it indicates that the results have a high stability. The funnel plot was left-right symmetrical. It indicates that the intervention group was better than the control group and the results were reliable.There are significant differences in the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic hepatectomy compared with open hepatectomy. Laparoscopic hepatectomy can be selected to reduce postoperative pain. There were few foreign studies included, so whether our results apply to European and American populations still needs further study.

CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), a well-characterized E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a central repressor of seedling photomorphogenic development in darkness. However, whether COP1 is involved in modulating abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in darkness remains largely obscure. Here, we report that COP1 is a positive regulator of ABA signaling during Arabidopsis seedling growth in the dark. COP1 mediates ABA-induced accumulation of ABI5, a transcription factor playing a key role in ABA signaling, through transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms. We further show that COP1 physically interacts with ABA-hypersensitive DCAF1 (ABD1), a substrate receptor of the CUL4-DDB1 E3 ligase targeting ABI5 for degradation. Accordingly, COP1 directly ubiquitinates ABD1 in vitro, and negatively regulates ABD1 protein abundance in vivo in the dark but not in the light. Therefore, COP1 promotes ABI5 protein stability post-translationally in darkness by destabilizing ABD1 in response to ABA. Interestingly, we reveal that ABA induces the nuclear accumulation of COP1 in darkness, thus enhancing its activity in propagating the ABA signal. Together, our study uncovers that COP1 modulates ABA signaling during seedling growth in darkness by mediating ABA-induced ABI5 accumulation, demonstrating that plants adjust their ABA signaling mechanisms according to their light environment.

It remains unknown and debatable how European-Asian–differentiated alleles affect individual phenotypes. Here, we made the first effort to analyze the expression profiles of highly differentiated genes with eastern and western origins in 90 Uyghurs using whole-genome (30× to 60×) and transcriptome data. We screened 921 872 east–west highly differentiated genetic variants, of which ∼4.32% were expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), ∼0.12% were alternative splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs), and ∼0.12% showed allele-specific expression (ASE). The 8305 highly differentiated eQTLs of strong effects appear to have undergone natural selection, associated with immunity and metabolism. European-origin alleles tend to be more biasedly expressed; highly differentiated ASEs were enriched in diabetes-associated genes, likely affecting the diabetes susceptibility in the Uyghurs. We proposed an admixture-induced expression model to dissect the highly differentiated expression profiles. We provide new insights into the genetic basis of phenotypic differentiation between Western and Eastern populations, advancing our understanding of the impact of genetic admixture.

Using genome-wide data of 89 ancient individuals dated to 5100 to 100 years before the present (B.P.) from 29 sites across the Tibetan Plateau, we found plateau-specific ancestry across plateau populations, with substantial genetic structure indicating high differentiation before 2500 B.P. Northeastern plateau populations rapidly showed admixture associated with millet farmers by 4700 B.P. in the Gonghe Basin. High genetic similarity on the southern and southwestern plateau showed population expansion along the Yarlung Tsangpo River since 3400 years ago. Central and southeastern plateau populations revealed extensive genetic admixture within the plateau historically, with substantial ancestry related to that found in southern and southwestern plateau populations. Over the past ~700 years, substantial gene flow from lowland East Asia further shaped the genetic landscape of present-day plateau populations. The high-altitude adaptive EPAS1 allele was found in plateau populations as early as in a 5100-year-old individual and showed a sharp increase over the past 2800 years.

Here is the pipeline describing the data processing in the manuscript for "Expression profiles of east-west highly differentiated genes in Uyghur genomes". The pipeline is applied to quantify expression data and conduct downstream enrichment analysis from fastq by samples.

The statistical power of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) is affected by the effective sample size. However, the privacy and security concerns associated with individual-level genotype data pose great challenges for cross-institutional cooperation. The full-process cryptographic solutions are in demand but have not been covered, especially the essential principal-component analysis (PCA). Here, we present TrustGWAS, a complete solution for secure, large-scale GWAS, recapitulating gold standard results against PLINK without compromising privacy and supporting basic PLINK steps including quality control, linkage disequilibrium pruning, PCA, chi-square test, Cochran-Armitage trend test, covariate-supported logistic regression and linear regression, and their sequential combinations. TrustGWAS leverages pseudorandom number perturbations for PCA and multiparty scheme of multi-key homomorphic encryption for all other modules. TrustGWAS can evaluate 100,000 individuals with 1 million variants and complete QC-LD-PCA-regression workflow within 50 h. We further successfully discover gene loci associated with fasting blood glucose, consistent with the findings of the ChinaMAP project.

High-performance electrochromic materials with high optical contrast, coloration efficiency, and excellent stability have always been critical for polymer electrochromics, and will boost diverse applications including flexible displays and wearable electronics. Herein, we develop a donor-acceptor-donor type copolymer from strong electron-withdrawing acceptor unit isoindigo and electron-donating moiety bis-EDOT by synthesizing and electropolymerizing its precursor (E)-1,1′-dihexyl-6,6′-bis(2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydro-[5,5′-bithieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin]-7-yl)-[3,3′-biindolinylidene]-2,2′‑dione (BisE−IDOH−BisE). Such polymer exhibits a low optical bandgap of 1.02 eV with stable and reversible electrochromism from kelly-green to sky blue. Further kinetic studies demonstrate that this polymer displays intriguing overall electrochromic performances throughout the NIR window with simultaneously high optical contrast up to 90%, high coloration efficiency of 1025 cm2 C−1, fast switching time of 1.1 s, and excellent reversible stability (