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1. The dynamic adsorption affinity of ligands is a surrogate for the passivation of surface defects

Author

Jian Xu, Aidan Maxwell, Zhaoning Song, Abdulaziz S. R. Bati, Hao Chen, Chongwen Li, So Min Park, Yanfa Yan, Bin Chen, and Edward H. Sargent

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Surface defects in semiconducting materials, though they have been widely studied, remain a prominent source of loss in optoelectronic devices; here we sought a new angle of approach, looking into the dynamic roles played by surface defects under atmospheric stressors and their chemical passivants in the lifetime of optoelectronic materials. We find that surface defects possess properties distinct from those of bulk defects. ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal a previously overlooked reversible degradation mechanism mediated by hydrogen vacancies. We find that dynamic surface adsorption affinity (DAA) relative to surface treatment ligands is a surrogate for passivation efficacy, a more strongly-correlated feature than is the static binding strength emphasized in prior reports. This guides us to design targeted passivator ligands with high molecular polarity: for example, 4-aminobutylphosphonic acid exhibits strong DAA and provides defect passivation applicable to a range of perovskite compositions, including suppressed hydrogen vacancy formation, enhanced photovoltaic performances and operational stability in perovskite solar cells.

Published
2024
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2. On the Durability of Tin‐Containing Perovskite Solar Cells

Author

Lei Chen, Sheng Fu, You Li, Nannan Sun, Yanfa Yan, and Zhaoning Song

Subjects
degradation mechanisms, mitigation strategies, perovskite solar cells, stability, tin perovskites, Science
Abstract

Abstract Tin (Sn)‐containing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained significant attention in the field of perovskite optoelectronics due to lower toxicity than their lead‐based counterparts and their potential for tandem applications. However, the lack of stability is a major concern that hampers their development. To achieve the long‐term stability of Sn‐containing PSCs, it is crucial to have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the degradation mechanisms of Sn‐containing perovskites and develop mitigation strategies. This review provides a compendious overview of degradation pathways observed in Sn‐containing perovskites, attributing to intrinsic factors related to the materials themselves and environmental factors such as light, heat, moisture, oxygen, and their combined effects. The impact of interface and electrode materials on the stability of Sn‐containing PSCs is also discussed. Additionally, various strategies to mitigate the instability issue of Sn‐containing PSCs are summarized. Lastly, the challenges and prospects for achieving durable Sn‐containing PSCs are presented.

Published
2024
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3. 20%-efficient polycrystalline Cd(Se,Te) thin-film solar cells with compositional gradient near the front junction

Author

Deng-Bing Li, Sandip S. Bista, Rasha A. Awni, Sabin Neupane, Abasi Abudulimu, Xiaoming Wang, Kamala K. Subedi, Manoj K. Jamarkattel, Adam B. Phillips, Michael J. Heben, Jonathan D. Poplawsky, David A. Cullen, Randy J. Ellingson, and Yanfa Yan

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Bandgap gradient is a promising approach to improve the open-circuit voltage in thin film solar cells. Here, authors incorporate a Cd(O,S,Se,Te) region to realize the bandgap gradient at front interface and demonstrate Cd(Se,Te) solar cells with reduced recombination and a champion efficiency of 20.03%.

Published
2022
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4. Roadmap on commercialization of metal halide perovskite photovoltaics

Author

Shien-Ping Feng, Yuanhang Cheng, Hin-Lap Yip, Yufei Zhong, Patrick W K Fong, Gang Li, Annie Ng, Cong Chen, Luigi Angelo Castriotta, Fabio Matteocci, Luigi Vesce, Danila Saranin, Aldo Di Carlo, Puqun Wang, Jian Wei Ho, Yi Hou, Fen Lin, Armin G Aberle, Zhaoning Song, Yanfa Yan, Xu Chen, Yang (Michael) Yang, Ali Asgher Syed, Ishaq Ahmad, Tiklun Leung, Yantao Wang, JingYang Lin, Alan Man Ching Ng, Yin Li, Firouzeh Ebadi, Wolfgang Tress, Giles Richardson, Chuangye Ge, Hanlin Hu, Masoud Karimipour, Fanny Baumann, Kenedy Tabah, Carlos Pereyra, Sonia R Raga, Haibing Xie, Monica Lira-Cantu, Mark V Khenkin, Iris Visoly-Fisher, Eugene A Katz, Yana Vaynzof, Rosario Vidal, Guicheng Yu, Haoran Lin, Shuchen Weng, Shifeng Wang, and Aleksandra B Djurišić

Subjects
halide perovskites, commercialization, photovoltaics, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent one of the most promising emerging photovoltaic technologies due to their high power conversion efficiency. However, despite the huge progress made not only in terms of the efficiency achieved, but also fundamental understanding of the relevant physics of the devices and issues which affect their efficiency and stability, there are still unresolved problems and obstacles on the path toward commercialization of this promising technology. In this roadmap, we aim to provide a concise and up to date summary of outstanding issues and challenges, and the progress made toward addressing these issues. While the format of this article is not meant to be a comprehensive review of the topic, it provides a collection of the viewpoints of the experts in the field, which covers a broad range of topics related to PSC commercialization, including those relevant for manufacturing (scaling up, different types of devices), operation and stability (various factors), and environmental issues (in particular the use of lead). We hope that the article will provide a useful resource for researchers in the field and that it will facilitate discussions and move forward toward addressing the outstanding challenges in this fast-developing field.

Published
2023
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5. Laser Terahertz Emission Microscope for Imaging Grain Heterogeneity: A Case Study of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Semiconductors

Author

Zhaoyu Liu, Liang Luo, Joongmok Park, Richard H. J. Kim, Zhaoning Song, Deniz Turan, Mona Jarrahi, Yanfa Yan, and Jigang Wang

Subjects
laser terahertz emission microscope, perovskite, terahertz imaging, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

Strong terahertz (THz) emission from the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite semiconductors has been observed following above-bandgap photoexcitation, yet local THz responses of crystalline microstructures are absent. We implement laser THz emission microscope (LTEM), yet-to-be applied to the perovskite semiconductors, as a novel and complementary tool to evaluate the electronic and grain heterogeneity of MAPbI3 thin films. Two MAPbI3 samples with different grain sizes are studied. Using this approach, we show that the one with a larger grain size gives more uniform THz radiation. More significant spatial THz intensity fluctuation is observed for the sample with a smaller grain size.

Published
2022
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7. Lead-chelating hole-transport layers for efficient and stable perovskite minimodules

Author

Chengbin Fei, Nengxu Li, Mengru Wang, Xiaoming Wang, Hangyu Gu, Bo Chen, Zhao Zhang, Zhenyi Ni, Haoyang Jiao, Wenzhan Xu, Zhifang Shi, Yanfa Yan, and Jinsong Huang

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Abstract

The defective bottom interfaces of perovskites and hole-transport layers (HTLs) limit the performance of p-i-n structure perovskite solar cells. We report that the addition of lead chelation molecules into HTLs can strongly interact with lead(II) ion (Pb 2+ ), resulting in a reduced amorphous region in perovskites near HTLs and a passivated perovskite bottom surface. The minimodule with an aperture area of 26.9 square centimeters has a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.8% (stabilized at 21.1%) that is certified by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), which corresponds to a minimal small-cell efficiency of 24.6% (stabilized 24.1%) throughout the module area. Small-area cells and large-area minimodules with lead chelation molecules in HTLs had a light soaking stability of 3010 and 2130 hours, respectively, at an efficiency loss of 10% from the initial value under 1-sun illumination and open-circuit voltage conditions.

Published
2023

8. All-Perovskite Tandem Photoelectrodes for Unassisted Solar Hydrogen Production

Author

Zhaoning Song, Chongwen Li, Lei Chen, Kshitiz Dolia, Sheng Fu, Nannan Sun, You Li, Keenan Wyatt, James L. Young, Todd G. Deutsch, and Yanfa Yan

Subjects
Fuel Technology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Materials Chemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Published
2023

10. Subsurface Characteristics of Metal-Halide Perovskites Polished by an Argon Ion Beam

Author

Yu-Lin Hsu, Chongwen Li, Andrew C. Jones, Michael T. Pettes, Ashif Chowdhury, Yanfa Yan, and Heayoung P. Yoon

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, General Energy, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Applied Physics, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

Focused ion beam (FIB) techniques have been frequently used to section metal-halide perovskites for microstructural investigations. However, the ion beams directly irradiated to the sample surface may alter the properties far different from pristine, potentially leading to modified deterioration mechanisms under aging stressors. Here, we combine complementary approaches to measure the subsurface characteristics of polished perovskite and identify the chemical species responsible for the measured properties. Analysis of the experimental results in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations indicates that atomic displacements and local heating occur in the subsurface of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) by glazing Ar+ beam irradiation (15 nm by 4 kV at 3 degree). The lead-rich, iodine-deficient surface promotes rapid phase segregation under thermal aging conditions. On the other hand, despite the subsurface modification, our experiments confirm the rest of the MAPbI3 bulk retains the material integrity. Our observation supports that polished perovskites could serve in studying the properties of bulk or buried junctions far away from the altered subsurface with care., Comment: six figures

Published
2023

13. Oxygen Management to Avoid Photo-Inactive Cd(S,Se) for Efficient Cd(Se,Te) Solar Cells

Author

Deng-Bing Li, Sabin Neupane, Sandip S. Bista, Chuanxiao Xiao, Abasi Abudulimu, Manoj K. Jamarkattel, Adam B. Phillips, Michael J. Heben, Jonathan D. Poplawsky, David A. Cullen, Chun-Sheng Jiang, Randall J. Ellingson, and Yanfa Yan

Subjects
Fuel Technology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Materials Chemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Published
2023

14. Rational design of Lewis base molecules for stable and efficient inverted perovskite solar cells

Author

Chongwen Li, Xiaoming Wang, Enbing Bi, Fangyuan Jiang, So Min Park, You Li, Lei Chen, Zaiwei Wang, Lewei Zeng, Hao Chen, Yanjiang Liu, Corey R. Grice, Abasi Abudulimu, Jaehoon Chung, Yeming Xian, Tao Zhu, Huagui Lai, Bin Chen, Randy J. Ellingson, Fan Fu, David S. Ginger, Zhaoning Song, Edward H. Sargent, and Yanfa Yan

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Abstract

Lewis base molecules that bind undercoordinated lead atoms at interfaces and grain boundaries (GBs) are known to enhance the durability of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Using density functional theory calculations, we found that phosphine-containing molecules have the strongest binding energy among members of a library of Lewis base molecules studied herein. Experimentally, we found that the best inverted PSC treated with 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (DPPP), a diphosphine Lewis base that passivates, binds, and bridges interfaces and GBs, retained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) slightly higher than its initial PCE of ~23% after continuous operation under simulated AM1.5 illumination at the maximum power point and at ~40°C for >3500 hours. DPPP-treated devices showed a similar increase in PCE after being kept under open-circuit conditions at 85°C for >1500 hours.

Published
2023

15. Water-Assisted Lift-Off Process for Flexible CdTe Solar Cells

Author

Sandip Singh Bista, Deng-Bing Li, Suman Rijal, Sabin Neupane, Rasha A. Awni, Chun-Sheng Jiang, Chuanxiao Xiao, Kamala Khanal Subedi, Zhaoning Song, Adam B. Phillips, Xixing Wen, Randall J. Ellingson, Michael J. Heben, and Yanfa Yan

Subjects
Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Published
2023

16. Compositional texture engineering for highly stable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells

Author

Qi Jiang, Jinhui Tong, Rebecca A. Scheidt, Xiaoming Wang, Amy E. Louks, Yeming Xian, Robert Tirawat, Axel F. Palmstrom, Matthew P. Hautzinger, Steven P. Harvey, Steve Johnston, Laura T. Schelhas, Bryon W. Larson, Emily L. Warren, Matthew C. Beard, Joseph J. Berry, Yanfa Yan, and Kai Zhu

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Calcium Compounds, Bromine Radioisotopes, Bromine, Iodine
Abstract

The development of highly stable and efficient wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on bromine-iodine (Br–I) mixed-halide perovskite (with Br greater than 20%) is critical to create tandem solar cells. However, issues with Br–I phase segregation under solar cell operational conditions (such as light and heat) limit the device voltage and operational stability. This challenge is often exacerbated by the ready defect formation associated with the rapid crystallization of Br-rich perovskite chemistry with antisolvent processes. We combined the rapid Br crystallization with a gentle gas-quench method to prepare highly textured columnar 1.75–electron volt Br–I mixed WBG perovskite films with reduced defect density. With this approach, we obtained 1.75–electron volt WBG PSCs with greater than 20% power conversion efficiency, approximately 1.33-volt open-circuit voltage ( V oc ), and excellent operational stability (less than 5% degradation over 1100 hours of operation under 1.2 sun at 65°C). When further integrated with 1.25–electron volt narrow-bandgap PSC, we obtained a 27.1% efficient, all-perovskite, two-terminal tandem device with a high V oc of 2.2 volts.

Published
2022

17. Regulating surface potential maximizes voltage in all-perovskite tandems

Author

Hao Chen, Aidan Maxwell, Chongwen Li, Sam Teale, Bin Chen, Tong Zhu, Esma Ugur, George Harrison, Luke Grater, Junke Wang, Zaiwei Wang, Lewei Zeng, So Min Park, Lei Chen, Peter Serles, Rasha Abbas Awni, Biwas Subedi, Xiaopeng Zheng, Chuanxiao Xiao, Nikolas J. Podraza, Tobin Filleter, Cheng Liu, Yi Yang, Joseph M. Luther, Stefaan De Wolf, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis, Yanfa Yan, and Edward H. Sargent

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Abstract

The open-circuit voltage (V

Published
2022

18. Terahertz Nanoimaging of Perovskite Solar Cell Materials

Author

Richard H. J. Kim, Zhaoyu Liu, Chuankun Huang, Joong-Mok Park, Samuel J. Haeuser, Zhaoning Song, Yanfa Yan, Yongxin Yao, Liang Luo, and Jigang Wang

Subjects
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Biotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published
2022

19. High vacuum heat-treated MZO: Increased n-type conductivity and elimination of S-kink in MZO/CdSe/CdTe solar cells

Author

Manoj K. Jamarkattel, Adam B. Phillips, Deng-Bing Li, Ebin Bastola, Geethika K. Liyanage, Jared D. Friedl, Sandip S. Bista, Dipendra Pokhrel, Abdul Quader, Prabodika N. Kaluarachchi, Zulkifl Hussain, Abasi Abudulimu, Xavier Mathew, Yanfa Yan, Randy J. Ellingson, and Michael J. Heben

Subjects
Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics
Published
2022

20. Surface reaction for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells

Author

Qi Jiang, Jinhui Tong, Yeming Xian, Ross A. Kerner, Sean P. Dunfield, Chuanxiao Xiao, Rebecca A. Scheidt, Darius Kuciauskas, Xiaoming Wang, Matthew P. Hautzinger, Robert Tirawat, Matthew C. Beard, David P. Fenning, Joseph J. Berry, Bryon W. Larson, Yanfa Yan, and Kai Zhu

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Published
2022

21. Carrier control in Sn–Pb perovskites via 2D cation engineering for all-perovskite tandem solar cells with improved efficiency and stability

Author

Jinhui Tong, Qi Jiang, Andrew J. Ferguson, Axel F. Palmstrom, Xiaoming Wang, Ji Hao, Sean P. Dunfield, Amy E. Louks, Steven P. Harvey, Chongwen Li, Haipeng Lu, Ryan M. France, Samuel A. Johnson, Fei Zhang, Mengjin Yang, John F. Geisz, Michael D. McGehee, Matthew C. Beard, Yanfa Yan, Darius Kuciauskas, Joseph J. Berry, and Kai Zhu

Subjects
Fuel Technology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published
2022

23. Engineering Perovskite Precursor Inks for Scalable Production of High‐Efficiency Perovskite Photovoltaic Modules

Author

Jaehoon Chung, Seung‐Woo Kim, You Li, Tamanna Mariam, Xiaoming Wang, Manoj Rajakaruna, Muhammad Mohsin Saeed, Abasi Abudulimu, Seong Sik Shin, Kathryn N. Guye, Zixu Huang, Robert J. E. Westbrook, Emily Miller, Biwas Subedi, Nikolas J. Podraza, Michael J. Heben, Randy J. Ellingson, David S. Ginger, Zhaoning Song, and Yanfa Yan

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, General Materials Science
Published
2023

24. Indium Gallium Oxide Emitters for High-Efficiency CdTe-Based Solar Cells

Author

Manoj K. Jamarkattel, Adam B. Phillips, Indra Subedi, Abasi Abudulimu, Ebin Bastola, Deng-Bing Li, Xavier Mathew, Yanfa Yan, Randy J. Ellingson, Nikolas J. Podraza, and Michael J. Heben

Subjects
Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Published
2022

25. Improving CdSeTe Devices With a Back Buffer Layer of CuxAlOy

Author

Suman Rijal, Randy J. Ellingson, Xavier Mathew, Ebin Bastola, Dipendra Pokhrel, Jacob M. Gibbs, Deng-Bing Li, Jared D. Friedl, Yanfa Yan, Rasha A. Awni, Kamala Khanal Subedi, Robert F. Klie, John J. Farrell, Manoj K. Jamarkattel, Adam B. Phillips, and Michael J. Heben

Subjects
Materials science, Open-circuit voltage, Analytical chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Reference device, Condensed Matter Physics, Layer (electronics), Cadmium telluride photovoltaics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

The open-circuit voltage (V $_\text{oc}$ ) of CdTe-based photovoltaics may be limited by carrier recombination at interfaces (front or back) or in the absorber layer. Reduction in recombination of a given dominant mechanisms can lead to improved device performance if the remaining mechanisms turn on in a narrow bias range just below the open circuit voltage. In this article, we demonstrate enhanced performance by incorporating solution-processed Cu $_\text{x}$ AlO $_\text{y}$ to form a back-buffer layer in CdSe/CdTe devices. Outstanding minority carrier lifetimes of 656 and 4.2 ns were measured with glass side and film side illumination for device stacks processed with Cu $_\text{x}$ AlO $_\text{y}$ . Devices demonstrated efficiencies of up to 17.4% with V $_\text{oc}$ of 859 mV, FF of 75.6% and J $_\text{sc}$ of 26.9 mAcm−2 while the efficiency of the reference device without the back-buffer layer was 16.5% with V $_\text{oc}$ of 839 mV, FF of 70.6%, and J $_\text{sc}$ of 27.9 mAcm−2.

Published
2022

26. Understanding the Interplay Between CdSe Thickness and Cu Doping Temperature in CdSe/CdTe Devices

Author

Ebin Bastola, Manoj K. Jamarkattel, Abdul Quader, Xavier Mathew, Adam B. Phillips, Michael J. Heben, Jacob M. Gibbs, Randy J. Ellingson, Deng-Bing Li, Yanfa Yan, Dipendra Pokhrel, Griffin Barros-King, and Jared D. Friedl

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Cu doping, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, business, Cadmium telluride photovoltaics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published
2022

27. Impact of lifetime on the levelized cost of electricity from perovskite single junction and tandem solar cells

Author

Ramez Hosseinian Ahangharnejhad, Adam B. Phillips, Zhaoning Song, Ilke Celik, Kiran Ghimire, Prakash Koirala, Randy J. Ellingson, Robert W. Collins, Nikolas J. Podraza, Yanfa Yan, and Michael J. Heben

Subjects
Fuel Technology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Abstract

The calculated levelized cost of electricity for single junction and tandem devices show that when the time for perovskite devices to degrade to 85% of the original output (T85) is only 3 years, tandem device are economically favorable.

Published
2022

28. Turn‐on Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Chiral Indium Chlorides by 5s 2 Metal Centers

Author

Zhiyu Wang, Xiaoming Wang, Zhongwei Chen, Yang Liu, Huilin Xie, Jie Xue, Lingling Mao, Yanfa Yan, and Haipeng Lu

Subjects
General Chemistry, General Medicine, Catalysis
Abstract

Introducing chirality into the metal-halide hybrids has enabled many emerging properties including chiroptical activity, spin-dependent transport, and ferroelectricity. However, most of the chiral metal-halide hybrids to date are non-emissive, and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show a new strategy to turn on the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in chiral metal-halide hybrids. We demonstrate that alloying Sb3+ into chiral indium-chloride hybrids dramatically increases the photoluminescence quantum yield in two new series of chiral indium-antimony chlorides. These materials exhibit strong CPL signals with tunable energy and a high dissymmetry factor up to 1.5×10-2. Mechanistic studies reveal that the emission originates from the self-trapped excitons centered in 5s2 Sb3+. Moreover, near-ultraviolet pumped white light is demonstrated with a polarization up to 6.0%. Our work demonstrates new strategies towards highly luminescent chiral metal-halide hybrids.

Published
2023

31. CdTe-based thin film photovoltaics: Recent advances, current challenges and future prospects

Author

Michael A. Scarpulla, Brian McCandless, Adam B. Phillips, Yanfa Yan, Michael J. Heben, Colin Wolden, Gang Xiong, Wyatt K. Metzger, Dan Mao, Dmitry Krasikov, Igor Sankin, Sachit Grover, Amit Munshi, Walajabad Sampath, James R. Sites, Alexandra Bothwell, David Albin, Matthew O. Reese, Alessandro Romeo, Marco Nardone, Robert Klie, J. Michael Walls, Thomas Fiducia, Ali Abbas, and Sarah M. Hayes

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published
2023

37. Optical Properties of Thin Film Sb2Se3 and Identification of its Electronic Losses in Photovoltaic Devices

Author

Biwas Subedi, Niva K. Jayswal, Suman Rijal, Nikolas J. Podraza, Zhaoning Song, Yanfa Yan, Robert W. Collins, and Indra Subedi

Subjects
Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Band gap, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, Heterojunction, Solar cell efficiency, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Quantum efficiency, Thin film, business, Spectroscopy, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

Sb2Se3 has become a promising absorber layer material for photovoltaic applications because of its attractive optical properties and rapid improvement in Sb2Se3 solar cell efficiency in recent years. The indirect bandgap and Urbach energy of Sb2Se3 have been determined to be 1.12 eV and 21.1 meV, respectively, using photothermal deflection spectroscopy. Above bandgap critical points at 1.48, 2.00, 2.35, 2.87, and 3.86 eV are identified from the complex dielectric function (e = e1 + ie2) spectra of thin film Sb2Se3 obtained from spectroscopic ellipsometry. Spectra in e serve as input for external quantum efficiency (EQE) simulations of substrate type Sb2Se3 solar cells. Comparison of experimental and simulated EQE quantifies carrier collection losses and identifies a carrier collection length in the absorber layer of 439 ± 4 nm and a 96.4 ± 0.2 % carrier collection probability near the heterojunction.

Published
2022

49. Environmental performance of integrated solar flow battery systems

Author

Gonzalo Rodriguez-Garcia, Hui-Chun Fu, Patrick Sullivan, Chih-Jung Chen, Zhaoning Song, Jiquan Chen, Yanfa Yan, Dawei Feng, Song Jin, and Ilke Celik

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Strategy and Management, Building and Construction, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, General Environmental Science
Published
2023

50. Reduced Recombination and Improved Performance of CdSe/CdTe Solar Cells due to Cu Migration Induced by Light Soaking

Author

Manoj K. Jamarkattel, Xavier Mathew, Adam B. Phillips, Ebin Bastola, Kamala Khanal Subedi, Fadhil K. Alfadhili, Abasi Abudulimu, Jared D. Friedl, Rasha A. Awni, Deng-Bing Li, Mohammed A. Razooqi, Prakash Koirala, Robert W. Collins, Yanfa Yan, Randy J. Ellingson, and Michael J. Heben

Subjects
General Materials Science
Abstract

The performance of CdTe solar cells has advanced impressively in recent years with the incorporation of Se. Instabilities associated with light soaking and copper reorganization have been extensively examined for the previous generation of CdS/CdTe solar cells, but instabilities in Cu-doped Se-alloyed CdTe devices remain relatively unexplored. In this work, we fabricated a range of CdSe/CdTe solar cells by sputtering CdSe layers with thicknesses of 100, 120, 150, 180, and 200 nm on transparent oxide-coated glass and then depositing CdTe by close-spaced sublimation. After CdCl

Published
2022

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