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A novel ionic responsive Schiff base organic gelator was successfully designed and synthesized. The solvent selection experiment showed that the gelator showed good thermoreversible gelator behavior in aniline, valerate alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. FT-IR studies have shown that C=O and N–H of molecules participate in the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thus promoting the formation of gelator states. The XRD and SEM results show that the molecules self-assemble in the dry gelator to form the entangled network structure. In addition, the fluorescence spectrum test of gelling agent G showed that gelling agent G could specifically recognize Cu2+. Gelator G has good selectivity, low detection limit (2.92 × 10–8 M) and high sensitivity, which can be applied to the detection of Cu2+ in biology, environment and other fields. The results show that gelator G has broad application prospects in materials science, chemistry, biomedicine and other fields. It also confirms that benzopyran-derived hydrazone Schiff base compounds have far-reaching research significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fluorescent probe Y((1,1'-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diylbis(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-5,1-diyl)) bis(ethan-1-one))) was designed and synthesized, which could be used to Cu2+ and Fe3+ sensors. Through the study of optical properties, the probe Y shows good selectivity and sensitivity to Cu2+ and Fe3+ in aqueous tetrahydrofuran solution [10.0 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, THF-H2O = 9:1(v/v)] with has excellent anti-interference performance, and its detection limits were 0.931 uΜ for Cu2+ and 0.401uΜ for Fe3+. The coordination mechanism of probe Y with Cu2+ and Fe3+ was speculated and verified at DFT level and HRNM. By Hela cytotoxicity and imaging tests, probe Y not only has good biocompatibility, but also can be used for sensing Cu2+ in cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photo-induced electron transfer cationic fluorescence probe L1 based on pyrene-naphthol system was designed to detect the change of Cu2+ with fluorescence. The probe L1 was found to selectively recognize Cu2+ in aqueous ethanol solution [10.0 mmol/L HEPES, pH 7.4, EtOH–H2O = 1:1 (v/v)] without interference from other coexisting metal ions. The response of the sensor to Cu2+ is transient and reversible, and anions generally have no impact on the selectivity of Cu2+. Probe L1 forms complex with Cu2+ in 1:1 ratio as supported by Job's plot analysis. The binding constants of Cu2+ was calculated to be 6.322 × 104 L/mol using a nonlinear curve-fitting method. The detection limit of Cu2+ was determined to be 1.620 × 10–7 mol/L. The energy gap between HOMO and LUMO in L1 and L1–Cu2+ was calculated by density functional theory as 3.76 eV and 2.71 eV, respectively. In addition, the probe L1 has extremely low cytotoxicity and can be used for living cell imaging studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two fluorescent probes, Y1-2 were synthesized from 2-acetonaphthone, 4-acetylbiphenyl, and phenyl hydrazine by Vilsmeier-Haack reaction and Knoevenagel condensation. Their recognition efficacies for N2H4 were tested by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The recognition mechanism were studies by density-functional theory calculations, and the effect of pH on N2H4 recognition was also studied. The results showed that the probe Y1-2 has high selectivity and a low detection limit for N2H4, and the recognition of N2H4 can be accomplished at physiological pH. The probes have had obvious aggregation-induced luminescence effect, large Stokes shift, high sensitivity, and can be successfully applied to live cell imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widely utilized in the chemical industry and agriculture, hydrazine is easily absorbed by living things and can cause physical harm when in touch for an extended period of time. As a result, a novel cinnamaldehyde chalcone C5 was produced by Friedel Crafts process and aldol condensation reaction. Triphenylamine was used as the raw material for hydrazine determination in both reactions. Chalcone C5 exhibits significant AIE behavior in a mixed mixture of ethanol and water in addition to having great selectivity and a low detection limit (0.119 nm) for hydrazine. The solvent effect test revealed a linear relationship between the Stokes shift of C5 in the solvent and the rise in solvent orientation polarization. It is important to note that C5 is not harmful to MCF-7 cells, mouse kidney cells, or pig kidney cells. Furthermore, research on cell imaging has demonstrated that probe C5 may be utilized to image the fluorescence of hydrazine in active MCF-7 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel coumarin-based pyrazoline derivatives have been designed and synthesized as organogel factors. Organogelators Z 1–2 both have gelation behavior in alcohol solution and DMSO. Gel- tert -butanol Z 1–2 (CGC = 1.84%, 1.41%) fluoresce blue and yellow-green under ultraviolet irradiation, respectively. Z 1–2 both exhibit selectivity for response to Fe3+ in THF-deionized aqueous (V: V = 9:1) solution, meanwhile display high sensitivity. Notably, introducing diethylamino at 7-position the coumarin unit increases the detection line range in Z 2. Furthermore, Z 2 not only has a good biocompatibility in living cells but also the sensing behavior of Fe3+ in the cell nucleus. The coordination mechanism of gelators Z 1–2 and Fe3+ were performed at the DFT level. [Display omitted] • Two novel coumarin-based pyrazoline organogelators Z 1–2 have designed and synthesized. • The Z 1–2 can both form fluoresce organogels in tert-butanol (CGC=1.84%, 1.41%). • The Z 1–2 can both response to Fe3+ in aqueous solution and organogels with selectivity and sensitivity. • The Z 2 can detect Fe3+ in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a novel ferrocenyl pyrazoline–based organic gelator (Z) was synthesised and studied. Adding Z in various solvents could form stable organic gels, the state of which could be reversibly converted to the solution form from the gel form by heating or cooling. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that intermolecular hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking and van der Waals interaction are the key to form organogels via the self-assembly of Z. The optical properties and fluorescence spectra of the compound were studied using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. We found that the fluorescence of Z is highly selective and responsive to different metal ions, including Cu2+. Z was further used for intracellular imaging of living BHK-21 cells, showing excellent bioactivity and thereby, indicating its potential in broad applications. In addition, Z can respond to radiation, heating and vibration, thus giving the organic gel more stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A smart low-molecular-mass naphthalene-pyrazoline gelator has been designed and synthesized. • The organic gelator G can form a stable organic gel in tert -butanol, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol and DMSO. • The organic gelator G has selectivity and sensitivity to Cu2+ in aqueous solutions and organic gels. • The organic gelator G shows low toxicity in living cells. A smart low-molecular-mass organic gelator based on naphthalene-pyrazoline has been designed and synthesized. The gelator G can form a thermo reversible stable gel in tert -butanol, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, and DMSO through self-assembly, it emits blue and yellow-green fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation. Notably, it has multiple stimulus responses of light, heat, shock and ion. In addition, it could act as an efficient fluorescent probe for the selective sensing of Cu2+ in the solution containing water. The detection limit of Cu2+ in THF deionized aqueous solution (V:V = 9:1) is 5.65 × 10−8 M. The complex ratio of G to Cu2+ is 1:1. In addition, the G has good biocompatibility in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil spillage and water pollution are serious environmental disasters, which have a serious impact on the economy and ecosystem. To protect the environment，we have synthesized a new type of chalcone derivative (G1) gel. G1 can form gels in many organic solvents, fuels and edible oils. The FT-IR, SEM and XRD studies show that there are π-π stacking, Van der Waals and intermolecular H bonding force in the G1 gel self-assembly process. 3D networks structure provides a strong basis for the adsorption of dyes and the adsorption efficiency could be as high as 97.2%. The G1 can selectively gel in organic water pollutants, with recyclability. Even in the presence of salt, acid and alkali, it can be successfully used to recover spilled oil from oil-water mixture. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel bis-coumarin gelator W was first synthesized with highly selective recognition behavior for Al3+ detection. • The gelator W has good gelling properties in ethanol, tert- butanol and isopropanol. • The driving forces for gelator were: π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. • The gelator W has low toxicity which can be used in the biological application. A novel bis-coumarin gelator W was designed and synthesized. The W has good gel behavior in ethanol, tert -butanol, and isopropanol solutions. The self-assembly mechanism of the W was investigated using techniques such as UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and XRD. The results show that the driving forces for gelation are: π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces, respectively. The effect of solvent on the gelation behavior is analyzed in the Teas plot, which shows that the solvent and the W can only form gels under the appropriate force. Through the optical performance test, the W can specifically recognize Al3+. The detection limit is as low as 7.32 × 10−7 M, the complexation constant is Ka = 1.033 × 103M−1. In addition, the cytotoxicity test of the two cell lines shows that their toxicity is low, which indicates that the W can be used in the field of bioengineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel pyrazoline fluorescent probe for detection of Fe3+was designed. • The probe A displays an excellent selective response to Fe3+ ion over other metal ions. • The probe A exhibit high absorption intensity and long emission wavelength. A novel coumarin-based pyrazoline fluorescent probe A was synthesized through a four-step reaction. The structure was characterized by 1H NMR(Nuclear magnetic resonance), 13C NMR and HR-ESI-MS(High resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry). The optical properties of the fluorescent probe was investigated by UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra. The results showed that the addition of Fe3+ makes the fluorescence emission spectra of A quenched and displayed a linear fluorescence response to Fe3+ with a detection limit of 1.01 × 10−7 M. It also shows good reversibility upon addition of EDTA(Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid). The structure of the fluorescent probe was optimized by DFT(Density functional theory) calculations, and the binding mechanism between the fluorescent probe and the recognition ion was explained. Moreover, the probe also has practical application in cell imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A series noval chalcone derivatives (G b1–6) as gel factors were successfully synthesized. • The gels can be used for the stimulation response of hydrazine hydrate. • The gels can be used to identify fuel adulteration. • The gels can be used to recovery of spilled oil from oil-water mixtures. A series of novel naphthalene-chalcone gelators, G b1–6 , with different alkyl units, were designed and synthesized as potential low molecular weight gelators. The prepared gelators demonstrated gelation behavior in various organic solvents and fuel phases. The results indicated that the alkyl chains played a significant role in the gelation behavior of the gelators. The thermal stability results revealed that, at the same concentration, an increase in the length of the alkyl chains of the gelators led to an increase in the gel-sol transition temperature. The gelators were subjected to FT-IR, SEM, and XRD analysis, which demonstrated the presence of π-π stacking, van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonding during the self-assembly process of the gel. UV–visible absorption and emission spectroscopy of the gelators were also studied, and it was discovered that gelators G b2 and G b5 exhibited a minimum detection limit of 0.28 μM and 0.16 μM, respectively, for hydrazine hydrate. Additionally, the gel was utilized for the recovery of oil from oil-water mixtures and for the identification of fuel adulteration. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel pyrazoline fluorescent probe 1 was synthesized. • It can be used to detect Zn2+/ Cd2+ with high sensitivity and high selectivity. • It has good fluorescence reversibility. • It can be applied to fluorescent Zn2+/ Cd2+ imaging in living cells. A novel multi-response pyrazoline-based fluorescent probe 1 was designed and synthesized with a very simple molecular structure, which exhibited high sensitivity for detecting Zn2+ and Cd2+ in ethanol aqueous solution state based on the dissuasion of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect. The binding modes of the complexes were determined to have 1:1 complexation stoichiometry and the binding constants were calculated to be 1.284 × 104 M−1 for Zn2+ and 4.313 × 103 M−1 for Cd2+ using the nonlinear curve-fitting method. Zn2+ and Cd2+ sensor have high anti-interference ability. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits were determined to be 0.9274 μM for Zn2+ and 0.8158 μM for Cd2+. Notably, the probe was found to have good biological compatibility and was employed to detect Zn2+/ Cd2+ in living Hela cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel pyrazoline fluorescent probe N was synthesized. • It can be used to detect Cu2+ with high sensitivity and high selectivity. • It can be applied to fluorescent Cu2+ imaging in living cells. • The color of probe N changed with Cu2+ by naked-eye. In this study, a new pyrazoline derivate (1-acetyl-3- (2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-5-(2-phenyl-2H-chromene)-2-pyrazoline, N) is described as fluorescent probe for fluorometric detection of Cu2+. This fluorescence of probe has a high selectivity only toward Cu2+ ion in the other metal ions. It is remarkably observed that the fluorescence intensity of N decreased in the presence of Cu2+ ions with a strong capability to resist perturbations. The Limit of detection (LOD) value is calculated as 8.85 × 10−7 M for Cu2+ while the complexation constant is calculated as 3.14 × 105 M−2 via fluorescence measurements. The interaction between of N and Cu2+ is reversible after adding PPi. The optimized calculation of the probe for Cu2+ is confirmed by TD-DFT calculations. N-Cu2+ is successfully applied in the intracellular imaging in living PK-21 cells that will have a great chance for wide application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]