Search

Objective: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a biologically heterogeneous disease that is classified into germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-GCB subtypes, which are prognostically different. The Hans algorithm is the most widely used tool based on CD10, BCL6, and MUM1 expression, but some cases with the non-GCB phenotype are still known to be misclassified. In this study, we investigate the extent to which GCET1, HGAL, and LMO2 protein expressions reflect GCB phenotype together with their roles in determining the GCB phenotype of DLBCL and their contributions to the performance of the Hans algorithm., Materials and Methods: Sixty-five cases of DLBCL-not otherwise specified, 40 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), and 19 non-GC-derived lymphoma cases were included in this study. The DLBCL cases were grouped as CD10 + (Group A) or only MUM1 + (Group B), and the remaining cases constituted the intermediate group (Group C). GCET1, HGAL, and LMO2 expressions were evaluated., Results: In the FL group, GCET1, HGAL, and LMO2 were positive in 85%, 77.5%, and 100% of the cases, respectively. Among the non-GC-derived lymphoma cases, all three markers were negative in cases of small lymphocytic lymphoma, plasmablastic lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. GCET1 and HGAL were negative in cases of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Two of the 3 MZL and 2 of the 4 MCL cases were positive for LMO2. In the DLBCL group, the number of cases with GCET1, HGAL, and LMO2 positivity was 18 (90%), 17 (85%), and 20 (100%), respectively, in Group A and 0 (0%), 2 (13.3%), and 2 (13.3%), respectively, in Group B. Considering these rates, when the cases in the intermediate group were evaluated, it was concluded that 13 cases typed as non-GCB according to the Hans algorithm may have the GCB phenotype., Conclusion: GCET1, HGAL, and LMO2 are highly sensitive markers for determining the germinal center cell phenotype and can increase the accuracy of the subclassification of DLBCL cases, especially for cases that are negative for CD10., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors., (©Copyright 2023 by Turkish Society of Hematology Turkish Journal of Hematology, Published by Galenos Publishing House.)

Objective: Redditux ® (RED), as a biosimilar rituximab, was approved in Turkey for all indications of the original Mabthera ® (MAB) in March 2018. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RED in de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma., Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients received RED combined with the CHOP regimen. The median follow-up was 31 months. The historical control group included 219 patients treated with the MAB-CHOP regimen and the median follow-up time was 38 months. We compared the response rates and survival outcomes of these RED-CHOP and MAB-CHOP cohorts., Results: In the RED cohort, the overall response rate (ORR) at the end of the treatment protocol was 86%, with 37 (72.5%) cases of complete response (CR) and 7 (13.5%) cases of partial response (PR). In the historical MAB cohort, the ORR was 84%, with CR and PR rates of 82% and 2%, respectively. The 24-month progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 73.76% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-0.84) and 85.2% (95% CI: 0.79-0.90) for the RED and MAB cohorts, respectively (p=0.0106). The 24-month overall survival rates were 78.4% (95% CI: 0.64-0.87) and 81.4% (95% CI: 0.75-0.86) for the RED and MAB cohorts, respectively (p=0.7461). For patients with high revised International Prognostic Index scores, 24-month PFS was 45.5% (95% CI: 0.17-0.71) and 63% (95% CI: 0.37-0.80) for the RED and MAB cohorts, respectively (p=0.0711). In the RED cohort, central nervous system (CNS) relapse was significantly increased compared to the MAB cohort (10% vs. 1.83%, p=0.004). Among the RED cohort, bone involvement at the time of diagnosis was a risk factor for CNS relapse (p=0.028). Thirteen patients died in follow-up. There were no serious adverse events causing the cessation of the drugs., Conclusion: RED has an ORR similar to that of MAB. However, PFS rates were worse in the RED cohort. Additionally, CNS relapse ratio was a major concern for our RED cohort. Large prospective controlled studies and real-life data with longer follow-up are needed to document the non-inferiority of RED compared to MAB., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors., (©Copyright 2022 by Turkish Society of Hematology | Turkish Journal of Hematology, Published by Galenos Publishing House)

This research aimed to develop patches for transdermal delivery of acemetacin, which can be used to treat rheumatic diseasesand to determine their potential use. Patches were successfully created by solvent casting method using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, tween 80, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Prepared patches were found using the Design of Experiments (DoE) method within the Quality by Design (QbD) approach. F1-ACM with a thickness of 0.1 ± 0.0 cm, a weight of 43.33 ± 6.29 mg, pH of 4.99 ± 0.24, moisture content of 18.33 ± 2.98%, a tensile strength of 9.196 ± 0.441 Mpa, elongation at break of 28.722 ± 0.803% and drug content of 100% was chosen as ideal formulation. 89.7% of ACM from F1-ACM was released in 5 min. F1-ACM significantly ( p  < 0.05) increased the response latency to the thermal stimulus at 90th (3.071 ± 0.517) and 120th (3.87 ± 0.332) min in the hot plate test. In the tail-flick experiment, F1-ACM significantly ( p  < 0.05) increased the reaction delay against heat stimuli at 90th (3.016 ± 0.695), 120th (2.884 ± 0.851), and 180th (2.893 ± 0.932) min. F1-ACM patch significantly ( p  < 0.001) inhibited paw edema formation at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h after induction of inflammation as compared to the control group. Therefore, this formulation can be employed more efficiently for rheumatic disease.

The aim of the study was to prepare and evaluate the potential use of poly(lactic acid)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PLA/PVA) nanoparticle formulations as a drug delivery system. The nanoparticle formulations were successfully developed by the double emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The developed formulations were optimized using the quality by design approach of the ICH Q8 (Pharmaceutical Development) guideline. In the studies, the effects of emulsifying devices, evaporation technique, centrifugation effect, and polymer concentrations on the physicochemical parameters of the formulations were investigated to obtain the best results. Furthermore, the prepared formulations were evaluated for clarity, particle size, distribution, zeta potential, surface and morphological features, preparation efficiency, and long-term stability. Based on the obtained results, the nanoparticle formulation containing 12.5% PLA, 1% primer, and seconder PVA has a suitable particle size (181.7 ± 2.194 nm) and distribution (0.104 ± 0.049), zeta potential (-0.88 ± 0.45 mV), and high preparation efficiency (65.38%), and nanoparticles were spherical, had a smooth surface, and were stable up to 12 months. In conclusion, this novel formulation can be used as a potential drug delivery system., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Extranodal-multiorgan involvement is rarely presented in diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 18 Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings of a 22-year-old female patient with supra/infra-diaphragmatic nodal and skeletal involvements and thyroid, pancreas, right breast, bilateral renal, and ovarian involvements were presented.