Objective: To discuss the effects of acupuncture therapy on cerebral small vessel disease with mild cognitive impairment (SV-MCI) and the influence to cognitive function of patient. Methods: A total of 60 outpatient and inpatient patients of cerebral small vessel disease with cognitive impairment from Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected from April 2021 to December 2021. The selected patients were randomly divided into the acupuncture treatment group and the non-acupoint sham acupuncture group, with 30 cases in each group. The treatment in the two groups was performed twice a week for 12 weeks. Neuropsychological scores of patients in the two groups were compared after treatment, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), the Trail Making Test A and B (TMT-A/B) and the Boston naming test (BNT). Results: Compared with the non-acupoint sham acupuncture group, the scores of MoCA, AVLT-recognition and BNT in the acupuncture treatment group were obviously increased after 12 weeks of treatment, and the differences were statistically significantly (P < 0.05). The scores of TMT-A/B were obviously decreased, and the differences were statistically significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The acupuncture treatment group can significantly improve the overall cognitive function of SV-MCI patients. It is mainly manifested in the aspects of executive function, recognition function and naming function, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]