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Physical activity (PA) benefits children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Evidence suggests that some barriers impede parents from providing PA support for their children with ASD. Parental perceived stigma is one of these barriers. However, few studies have explored how parental perceived stigma influences parental PA support. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental perceived stigma and parental PA support, the mediating role of parental self-efficacy, and the moderating effect of having other typically developing children or not. A total of 274 participants were recruited to participate in the study. The results showed that parental self-efficacy mediated the association between parental perceived stigma and parental PA support and the moderating effect of having other typically developing children or not.

Abstract The characteristics of ion-scale turbulence in the presence of a magnetic island are numerically investigated using a gyrokinetic model in fusion plasma. We observe that in the absence of the usual ion temperature gradient (ITG) drive gradient, a magnetic island and its flatten effect could drive ITG instability. The magnetic island (MI) not only drives high-n modes of ITG instability but also induces low-n modes of vortex flow. Moreover, as the magnetic island width increases, the width of the vortex flow also increases. This implies that wider islands may more easily induce vortex flows. The study further indicates that the saturated amplitude and transport level of MI-induced ITG turbulence vary with different magnetic island widths. In general, larger magnetic islands enhance both particle and heat transport. When the magnetic island width reaches to 21ρ i , the turbulence-driven transport becomes the same level with the cases that ITG is driven by pressure gradients. Our findings indicate the presence of intricate nonlinear effects in the modulation of plasma turbulence by MIs. These effects are of significant importance for comprehending the phenomenon of nonlinear coupling in forthcoming tokamaks such as ITER.

Abstract The significance of health literacy for elderly individuals with chronic illnesses lies in managing and delaying disease development, which is affected by personal and environmental factors. Family communication can provide an emotional support environment; self-efficacy is an important factor of subjective initiative and personality. A relatively persistent thinking and behavior pattern can affect the environment, subjective initiative, and individual health outcomes. This study aims to explore the effects of the Big Five personality traits on the health literacy of elderly individuals with chronic illnesses and to hypothesize that family communication and self-efficacy mediate the Big Five personalities and health literacy. A cross-sectional study of 2251 elderly individuals with chronic diseases was conducted through nationwide random quota sampling. The structural equation model was used to explore the mediating role of family communication and self-efficacy between the Big Five personality and health literacy. Family communication played a simple mediating role in the influence of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism on health literacy. Self-efficacy played a simple mediating role in the influence of the Big Five personalities on health literacy. Self-efficacy and family communication played a chain mediating role between extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and health literacy. Nurses can enhance the health literacy of elderly individuals with chronic illnesses with extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism through family communication and self-efficacy while promoting the health literacy of those with openness through self-efficacy.

Recent investigations indicate that high entropy alloys (HEAs) may exhibit distinctive thermal characteristics compared to traditional alloys. Through a blend of experiments and atomistic simulations, this study showcases that the lattice thermal conductivity of a highly distorted single-phase B2 alloy with the composition of (CoNi)50(TiZrHf)50 is as low as less than 1 W/(m·K), akin to that of ceramics like alumina, and remains stable across temperatures from 300 to 900 K. This remarkable thermal behavior is attributed to significant lattice distortion and atomic mass variation within this alloy. These findings suggest potential applications for distorted HEAs in thermal insulation technologies tailored for challenging environments.

In ophthalmology, the quality of fundus images is critical for accurate diagnosis, both in clinical practice and in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnostics. Despite the broad view provided by ultrawide-field (UWF) imaging, pseudocolor images may conceal critical lesions necessary for precise diagnosis. To address this, we introduce UWF-Net, a sophisticated image enhancement algorithm that takes disease characteristics into consideration. Using the Fudan University ultra-wide-field image (FDUWI) dataset, which includes 11 294 Optos pseudocolor and 2415 Zeiss true-color UWF images, each of which is rigorously annotated, UWF-Net combines global style modeling with feature-level lesion enhancement. Pathological consistency loss is also applied to maintain fundus feature integrity, significantly improving image quality. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrated that UWF-Net outperforms existing methods such as contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and structure and illumination constrained generative adversarial network (StillGAN), delivering superior retinal image quality, higher quality scores, and preserved feature details after enhancement. In disease classification tasks, images enhanced by UWF-Net showed notable improvements when processed with existing classification systems over those enhanced by StillGAN, demonstrating a 4.62% increase in sensitivity (SEN) and a 3.97% increase in accuracy (ACC). In a multicenter clinical setting, UWF-Net-enhanced images were preferred by ophthalmologic technicians and doctors, and yielded a significant reduction in diagnostic time ((13.17 ± 8.40) s for UWF-Net enhanced images vs (19.54 ± 12.40) s for original images) and an increase in diagnostic accuracy (87.71% for UWF-Net enhanced images vs 80.40% for original images). Our research verifies that UWF-Net markedly improves the quality of UWF imaging, facilitating better clinical outcomes and more reliable AI-assisted disease classification. The clinical integration of UWF-Net holds great promise for enhancing diagnostic processes and patient care in ophthalmology.

The species diversity of early-diverging fungi has long lagged behind that of higher fungi, posing a significant obstacle to our comprehensive understanding of the fungal kingdom. Our ongoing research endeavors aim to address this gap by exploring the species diversity of early-diverging fungi in China. In this study, we describe three novel species within the Backusella, namely B. elliptica sp. nov., B. fujianensis sp. nov., and B. variispora sp. nov., based on phylogenetic and morphological analyses. In the phylogenetic analysis of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer), LSU (large subunit of ribosomal RNA gene), and RPB1 (RNA polymerase II largest subunit gene) regions, the B. elliptica and B. fujianensis cluster closely with B. gigacellularis, B. ovalispora, and B. solicola, and the B. variispora is closely related to B. locustae and B. pernambucensis. Morphologically, B. elliptica is distinguished by elliptical sporangiospores, as well as cylindrical and hemispherical columellae. The B. fujianensis is characterized by elliptical sporangiospores, and various types of columellae such as hemispherical, subglobose, depressed globose and conical. The B. variispora is characterized by subglobose to globose sporangiospores, as well as hemispherical, subglobose to globose columellae. Additionally, the sporangiophores are long and monopodially branched in B. elliptica and B. fujianensis, while short and simple or sympodially branched in B. variispora. Physiologically, the maximum growth temperatures of B. elliptica (32 °C), B. fujianensis (35 °C), and B. variispora were (35 °C) were determined. With the inclusion of these newly described taxa, the total number of Backusella species known from China now stands at 12. Finally, we provide a key to facilitate the morphological identification of Backusella species from Asia.

Abstract Owing to high pixel density and brightness, gallium nitride (GaN) based micro-light-emitting diodes (Micro-LEDs) are considered revolutionary display technology and have important application prospects in the fields of micro-display and virtual display. However, Micro-LEDs with pixel sizes smaller than 10 μm still encounter technical challenges such as sidewall damage and limited light extraction efficiency, resulting in reduced luminous efficiency and severe brightness non-uniformity. Here, we reported high-brightness green Micro-displays with a 5 μm pixel utilizing high-quality GaN-on-Si epilayers. Four-inch wafer-scale uniform green GaN epilayer is first grown on silicon substrate, which possesses a low dislocation density of 5.25 × 108 cm− 2, small wafer bowing of 16.7 μm, and high wavelength uniformity (standard deviation STDEV

Abstract Background Despite the explicit biomechanical advantages associated with FNS, it is currently inconclusive, based on the existing literature, whether Femoral Neck System (FNS) outperforms Cannulated cancellous screws (CSS) in all aspects. Due to variances in bone morphology and bone density between the elderly and young cohorts, additional research is warranted to ascertain whether the benefits of FNS remain applicable to elderly osteoporosis patients. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical properties of FNS in osteoporotic femoral neck fractures and propose optimization strategies including additional anti-rotation screw. Methods The Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture models were reconstructed using finite element numerical techniques. The CSS, FNS, and modified FNS (M-FNS) models were created based on features and parameterization. The various internal fixations were individually assembled with the assigned normal and osteoporotic models. In the static analysis mode, uniform stress loads were imposed on all models. The deformation and stress variations of the femur and internal fixation models were recorded. Simultaneously, descriptions of shear stress and strain energy were also incorporated into the figures. Results Following bone mass reduction, deformations in CSS, FNS, and M-FNS increased by 47%, 52%, and 40%, respectively. The equivalent stress increments for CSS, FNS, and M-FNS were 3%, 43%, 17%, respectively. Meanwhile, variations in strain energy and shear stress were observed. The strain energy increments for CSS, FNS, and M-FNS were 4%, 76%, and 5%, respectively. The shear stress increments for CSS, FNS, and M-FNS were 4%, 65% and 44%, respectively. Within the osteoporotic model, M-FNS demonstrated the lowest total displacement, shear stress, and strain energy. Conclusion Modified FNS showed better stability in the osteoporotic model (OM). Using FNS alone may not exhibit immediate shear resistance advantages in OM. Concurrently, the addition of one anti-rotation screw can be regarded as a potential optimization choice, ensuring a harmonious alignment with the structural characteristics of FNS.

In this study, dynamic high-pressure microjet (DHPM) was used to investigate its effect on the structure and physicochemical properties of dietary fiber in hawthorn pomace. The results showed that after DHPM treatment under different conditions, the content of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in hawthorn pomace increased by 34.59%-73.54% when compared with that of the control group, and the nitrite-adsorbing capability and cation-exchange capacity significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, water-holding, oil-holding and swelling capacity reached up to the maximum when the pomace was at 200 MPa for 3 cycles, which was increased by 2.08, 8.34, and 2.25 times, respectively, when compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05). Thermogravimetric and rheological analyses showed a decreasing trend in apparent viscosity and a decrease in thermal stability; particle size and scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that the particle size decreased and then increased, the surface was rough, the structure was loose, and the particles agglomerated at the pressure of 250 MPa; infrared spectroscopy and 13C NMR analyses showed decreased crystallinity and degradation of some cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Therefore, DHPM treatment could increase the soluble dietary fiber content, hydration characteristics, and enhance its nitrite-adsorbing capacity and cation-exchange capacity with reduced thermal stability, particle size, apparent viscosity and crystallinity. This study provides a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of hawthorn pomace.

The enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) technology has the potential to enhance coal seam gas extraction efficiency, while also achieving CO2 storage, thereby promoting the dual carbon reduction goals. It holds broad prospects for its application in unconventional natural gas development. The fracture structure and distribution within coal seams determine the effectiveness of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) fracturing, which is pivotal in enhancing coal seam gas extraction efficiency. Under prolonged exposure, the adsorption swelling and dissolution-extraction effects generated by SC-CO2 interacting with coal can alter the morphology of coal fractures. However, during the fracturing process, the contact time between SC-CO2 and coal is relatively short, thus the impact of the adsorption swelling and dissolution-extraction effects of supercritical carbon dioxide on coal fractures under short-term conditions remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the evolution of coal fractures under a short-term SC-CO2 exposure. Different metamorphic coal samples were studied through CT scans to observe the variations in fractures with accumulated immersion time. A grayscale distribution function of CT two-dimensional scan images was established, and the relationship between immersion time and fracture evolution patterns was constructed. This was combined with the XRD experiments to examine the impact of immersion time on the changes in coal composition. The primary factors driving the evolution of coal fractures under a short-term SC-CO2 exposure were thus clarified. The results indicate that under a short-term SC-CO2 exposure, the adsorption-induced swelling leads to the contraction of coal fractures, while the dissolution-extraction effect causes the fractures to expand. During the coal immersion process, both the adsorption-induced swelling and the dissolution-extraction effect occur simultaneously, with their intensities changing over time. Within different time intervals, they alternately dominate the evolution of coal fractures. Different metamorphic coals affect the intensity and dominant time of adsorption expansion and dissolution extraction. The adsorption and expansion dominated when lignite was immersed for 30 min, and the dissolution and extraction increased and dominated when it was immersed for 90−240 min. The adsorption and expansion were stronger when bituminous coal was immersed for 30−90 min, and the dissolution and extraction were dominant when it was immersed for 90−240 min. Adsorption and swelling dominated when anthracite was immersed for 30−150 min, and dissolution and extraction dominated when it was immersed for 150−240 min.

Background and aim: Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant challenge in liver transplantation, trauma, hypovolemic shock, and hepatectomy, with limited effective interventions available. This study aimed to investigate the role of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) in hepatic IRI and assess the therapeutic potential of Lect2-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) delivered through adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. Materials and methods: This study analyzed human liver and serum samples from five patients undergoing the Pringle maneuver. Lect2-knockout and C57BL/6J mice were used. Hepatic IRI was induced by clamping the hepatic pedicle. Treatments included recombinant human LECT2 (rLECT2) and AAV-Lect2-shRNA. LECT2 expression levels and serum biomarkers including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Histological analysis of liver necrosis and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed. Results: Serum and liver LECT2 levels were elevated during hepatic IRI. Serum LECT2 protein and mRNA levels increased post reperfusion. Lect2-knockout mice had reduced weight loss; hepatic necrosis; and serum ALT, AST, creatinine, and BUN levels. rLECT2 treatment exacerbated weight loss, hepatic necrosis, and serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, creatinine, and BUN). AAV-Lect2-shRNA treatment significantly reduced weight loss, hepatic necrosis, and serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, creatinine, and BUN), indicating therapeutic potential. Conclusions: Elevated LECT2 levels during hepatic IRI increased liver damage. Genetic knockout or shRNA-mediated knockdown of Lect2 reduced liver damage, indicating its therapeutic potential. AAV-mediated Lect2-shRNA delivery mitigated hepatic IRI, offering a potential new treatment strategy to enhance clinical outcomes for patients undergoing liver-related surgeries or trauma.

Abstract Stressors endanger lake ecosystem biodiversity and networks, especially in sandy lakes of arid/semiarid regions, where impacts are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the changes in multitrophic biodiversity and ecological networks under increasing stress (temperature, nutrients, lake area) by using sedimentary DNA from a shrinking sandy lake in China over nearly 100 years. With increasing stress, species richness and stability increased, whereas species turnover decreased. Species synchronism decreased at high-trophic levels but increased at low-trophic levels. Empirical dynamic modeling showed network connectance and strength of species interactions decreased–increased–decreased over time, signaling a potential adaption–resistance–degradation change in ecosystem responses with increasing stress. Models also indicated network structure primarily depended on direct effects of nutrients and temperature under low/medium stress and on a diversity-mediated pathway under high stress. Thus, maintaining ecological network structure complexity and integrity in lake ecosystems is essential to mitigate the effects of multiple stresses.

Despite being an educational approach that has existed for more than five decades, project-based learning (PBL) has remained a conceptual fog, with limited applications beyond the medical and health sciences. This paper detailed the scarcity of the academic literature on PBL, specifically in relation to PBL and film productions and/or competitions. Using the Dracula Digital 2022 competition as the chosen context, this paper aimed to fill two gaps: (1) adding to the academic literature on PBL’s applications beyond those most frequently found in the medical and health sciences, the learning of foreign languages, or business and management learning; and (2) proposing that film production and competition are novel approaches to PBL. In an attempt to fill these research gaps, this study employed the 10 dimensions of PBL to identify the PBL components present in the Dracula Digital competition. The results showed that all 10 dimensions of PBL were found in the Dracula Digital competition, proving that film production and competition can indeed be considered an educational approach that satisfies PBL’s core components. This study calls for the consideration of a myriad of creative activities which should be added to curriculums to not only engage students in their learning but also reap the coveted benefits offered by the PBL approach.

Girth welding is extensively utilized in connecting pipeline structures. Excessive welding deformation may result in a decrease in ultimate bearing capacity and fatigue life. This research explores the characteristics and underlying mechanics of radial deformation in thin-walled girth welded pipes and proposes mitigation measures. Initially, several 304 stainless steel pipes were joined utilizing four distinct welding procedures. Welding deformation and residual stress distribution were measured using a 3D coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and the Cos α X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, respectively. Subsequently, numerical models were developed to simulate the welding process and verify the accuracy of the fusion zone, residual stress field, and radial deformation in the models. The mechanism of radial deformation was further elucidated based on the inherent strain method. The results show that the direction of radial deformation relies substantially on the hoop plastic strain. Hoop tensile plastic strain corresponds to radial outward deformation, while hoop shrinkage plastic strain corresponds to radial inward deformation. In addition, the influence of axial constraint on the formation process and results of hoop plastic strain, as well as the effect of heating zone width on radial deformation, was studied. Through simulation outcomes, the research suggests employing a regulated heat source method to mitigate radial deformation, which could potentially reduce deformation by 92.8%, offering considerable advantages in deformation mitigation and welding efficiency augmentation.

In recent years, great success has been achieved in many tasks of natural language processing (NLP), e.g., named entity recognition (NER), especially in the high-resource language, i.e., English, thanks in part to the considerable amount of labeled resources. More labeled resources, better word representations. However, most low-resource languages do not have such an abundance of labeled data as high-resource English, leading to poor performance of NER in these low-resource languages due to poor word representations. In the paper, we propose converse attention network (CAN) to augment word representations in low-resource languages from the high-resource language, improving the performance of NER in low-resource languages by transferring knowledge learned in the high-resource language. CAN first translates sentences in low-resource languages into high-resource English using an attention-based translation module. In the process of translation, CAN obtains the attention matrices that align word representations of high-resource language space and low-resource language space. Furthermore, CAN augments word representations learned in low-resource language space with word representations learned in high-resource language space using the attention matrices. Experiments on four low-resource NER datasets show that CAN achieves consistent and significant performance improvements, which indicates the effectiveness of CAN.

Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical condition characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function, which is associated with local inflammation and programmed cell death in the kidney. The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of signaling transduction proteins in the body, and approximately 40% of drugs on the market target GPCRs. The expressions of various GPCRs, prostaglandin receptors and purinergic receptors, to name a few, are significantly altered in AKI models. And the role of GPCRs in AKI is catching the eyes of researchers due to their distinctive biological functions, such as regulation of hemodynamics, metabolic reprogramming, and inflammation. Therefore, in this review, we aim to discuss the role of GPCRs in the pathogenesis of AKI and summarize the relevant clinical trials involving GPCRs to assess the potential of GPCRs and their ligands as therapeutic targets in AKI and the transition to AKI-CKD.

Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) controls local lesions, meantime it has the capability to induce systemic response to inhibit distant, metastatic, non-radiated tumors, which is referred to as the “abscopal effect”. It is widely recognized that radiotherapy can stimulate systemic immune response. This provides a compelling theoretical basis for the combination of immune therapy combined with radiotherapy(iRT). Indeed, this phenomenon has also been observed in clinical treatment, bringing significant clinical benefits to patients, and a series of basic studies are underway to amplify this effect. However, the molecular mechanisms of immune response induced by RT, determination of the optimal treatment regimen for iRT, and how to amplify the abscopal effect. In order to amplify and utilize this effect in clinical management, these key issues require to be well addressed; In this review, we comprehensively summarize the growing consensus and emphasize the emerging limitations of enhancing the abscopal effect with radiotherapy or immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the prospects and barriers to the current clinical translational applications.

Abstract Background Breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) has a negative impact on patients’ quality of life, general activities, and is related to worse clinical outcomes. Fentanyl inhalant is a hand-held combination drug-device delivery system providing rapid, multi-dose (25μg/dose) administration of fentanyl via inhalation of a thermally generated aerosol. This multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple-crossover, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of fentanyl inhalant in treating BTcP in opioid-tolerant patients. Methods The trial was conducted in opioid-tolerant cancer patients with 1 ~ 4 BTcP outbursts per day. Each patient was treated and observed for 6 episodes of BTcP (4 with fentanyl inhalant, 2 with placebo). During each episode of targeted BTcP, patients were allowed up to six inhalations, with an interval of at least 4 min between doses. Primary outcome was the time-weighted sum of PID (pain intensity difference) scores at 30 min (SPID30). Results A total of 335 BTcP episodes in 59 patients were treated. The mean SPID30 was -97.4 ± 48.43 for fentanyl inhalant-treated episodes, and -64.6 ± 40.25 for placebo-treated episodes (p

To study the calculation method of rock pressure in jointed rock tunnels, based on the theory of tunnel pressure arch, the influence of rock hardness, integrity, and shear strength of structural planes on tunnel pressure arch was analyzed through discrete element numerical simulation. Multiple linear regression was applied to fit the multi factor rock pressure formula, and the applicability of the fitting formula was analyzed in combination with engineering support. The results indicate that the range of pressure arch in jointed rock tunnels is the deflection point from the arch crown to the direction of maximum principal stress; The height of tunnel pressure arch decreases with the increase of joint spacing and shear strength of structural planes, and the influence of rock mechanics parameters on the height of pressure arch is relatively small; Compared with the measured rock pressure on site, the calculation error is within 15%. The proposed formula for surrounding rock pressure has good applicability and provides a new approach for calculating the surrounding rock pressure of jointed rock.

To address the requirements for left-side driving and the issue of smoothing efficiency for long-distance transportation routes of mining dump trucks in open-pit mine environments, a path planning method that combines a left-side driving hybrid A* algorithm based on Clothoid curve expansion with a smoothing algorithm that minimizes the diagonal vector norm of discrete points is proposed. Initially, Clothoid curves are used instead of traditional circular arcs in the hybrid A* node expansion search process, ensuring the continuity of curvature and meeting the requirements for curvature change rate limitations in the hybrid A* search path. The left-side driving rules are then applied to improve both the cumulative cost and heuristic cost within the hybrid A* framework, incorporating left-turn costs and collision attraction costs to ensure the path veers leftward and follows along the left side of the map border. The heuristic cost is adjusted based on the relation of the expansion direction to the nearest point on the map border, facilitating a heuristic cost map that favors left-side driving and generates a rough global path for leftward travel. Finally, by integrating quadratic programming techniques with the objective of minimizing the diagonal vector norm of discrete points under movement constraints along the coordinate axes, a smoothing optimization model is constructed to smooth the global path. To prevent the curvature from exceeding the vehicle's steering response capability during the smoothing process, a tunnel reduction technique for the feasible region of high-curvature points is employed, limiting the smooth movement of high-curvature points. The results show that the proposed method can generate a global path suitable for left-side driving rules in mining areas, which follows the left side boundary of the map. The heuristic cost improvement significantly reduces the number of nodes expanded by the hybrid A*, favoring the implementation of left-side driving. The discrete point path smoothing method effectively enhances the smoothness of the global path, aiding in vehicle control and tracking. Moreover, thanks to Clothoid curve expansion and the feasible region tunnel reduction technique, the method can effectively handle high-curvature paths, such as loading and unloading, without curvature exceeding limits. Comparing the planning times for paths of different lengths, the path smoothing algorithm significantly reduces the total planning time, with a 4-kilometer path smoothing process requiring only 76 milliseconds. The execution of left-side planning and the reduction in planning time improve the adaptability of the path planning for mining area scenarios.

Abstract Despite the prevalent of hexagonal, tetragonal, and triangular pore structures in two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs), the pentagonal pores remain conspicuously absent. We herein present the Cairo pentagonal tessellated COFs, achieved through precisely chosen geometry and metrics of the linkers, resulting in unprecedented mcm topology. In each pentagonal structure, porphyrin units create four uniform sides around 15.5 Å with 90° angles, while tetrabiphenyl unit establish a bottom edge about 11.6 Å with 120° angles, aligning precisely with the criteria of Cairo Pentagon. According to the narrow bandgap and strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, as-synthesized COFs exhibit the efficient singlet oxygen (1O2) generation and photothermal conversion, resulting in NIR photothermal combined photodynamic therapy to guide cancer cell apoptosis. Mechanistic studies reveal that the good 1O2 production capability upregulates intracellular lipid peroxidation, leading to glutathione depletion, low expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, and induction of ferroptosis. The implementation of pentagonal Cairo tessellations in this work provides a promising strategy for diversifying COFs with new topologies, along with multimodal NIR phototherapy.

Abstract To explore the optimization method of grid-connected voltage support technology in new energy stations, this study first analyzes and discusses this technology. Second, this study describes the deep learning model architecture and feature selection in detail and determines the framework used for the optimization model proposed here. Lastly, the development of optimization and control strategies is investigated, and the optimized model’s effectiveness is verified through experiments. The results reveal that the optimized model's accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score are higher than those of the comparison model in the performance comparison experiment, reaching the highest values of 0.890, 0.888, 0.878, and 0.883, respectively. This reflects that the optimized model shows high performance on small datasets, and its performance benefits become more pronounced as the data volume increases. This feature is particularly significant because, in practical applications, power systems often need to process large amounts of data to achieve efficient voltage support. In simulation experiments, the optimized model demonstrates excellent performance in terms of response time, stability, robustness, and energy consumption. Moreover, this model effectively addresses various data challenges and uncertainties encountered in grid-connected voltage support technology for power systems, thereby providing robust support for stable and efficient voltage regulation. In light of the findings, this study offers substantial insights for advancing research in the realms of power systems and new energy technologies. The exploration into the application of deep learning and intelligent control strategies within power systems reveals significant potential for transforming grid optimization practices. This study accentuates how data-driven methodologies can revolutionize energy management, paving the way for smarter and more efficient energy systems. By enhancing both the responsiveness and operational efficiency of power grids, the study contributes to the acceleration of digital transformation within the energy sector, fostering innovation and laying a robust foundation for future advancements in energy informatics.

Abstract The weak AC grid in a modular multilevel converter modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC‐HVDC) receiving‐end system requires faster reactive power support from the receiving‐end MMC. However, under the MMC traditional constant AC voltage dual‐loop control strategy, the increase in MMC's reactive power support speed will reduce the system stability. The reactive power cascade control strategy is a novel MMC control strategy. The analysis in this paper demonstrates that it possesses advanced performance under faster reactive power support, which is required by the MMC connected to a weak AC grid, but, some of its control links and operations can cause impacts exceeding that a weak AC grid can undertake. To solve this problem, based on the original control strategy, this paper proposes an improved reactive power cascade control strategy for weak AC grid conditions. The complete framework and the detailed design of primary control links of the improved cascade control strategy are displayed in this paper. Finally, a digital simulation has been conducted to validate the analysis and the proposed improved control strategy in this paper.

Abstract Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are commonly used for cell transplantation to treat refractory diseases. However, the presence of inflammatory factors, such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), at the transplantation site severely compromises the stemness of BMMSCs, thereby reducing the therapeutic effect of cell transplantation. Aspirin (AS) is a drug that has been in use for over a century and has a wide range of effects, including the regulation of cell proliferation, multidirectional differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties of stem cells. However, it is still unclear whether AS can delay the damaging effects of TNF-α on BMMSC stemness. Methods This study investigated the effects of AS and TNF-α on BMMSC stemness and the molecular mechanisms using colony formation assay, western blot, qRT-PCR, and overexpression or knockdown of YAP and SMAD7. Results The results demonstrated that TNF-α inhibited cell proliferation, the expression of stemness, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation markers of BMMSCs. Treatment with AS was shown to mitigate the TNF-α-induced damage to BMMSC stemness. Mechanistic studies revealed that AS may reverse the damage caused by TNF-α on BMMSC stemness by upregulating YAP and inhibiting the expression of SMAD7. Conclusion AS can attenuate the damaging effects of TNF-α on BMMSC stemness by regulating the YAP-SMAD7 axis. These findings are expected to promote the application of AS to improve the efficacy of stem cell therapy.

Abstract Background Occult Macular Dystrophy (OMD), primarily caused by retinitis pigmentosa 1-like 1 (RP1L1) variants, is a complex retinal disease characterised by progressive vision loss and a normal fundus appearance. This study aims to investigate the diverse phenotypic expressions and genotypic correlations of OMD in Chinese patients, including a rare case of Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy (VMD) associated with RP1L1. Methods We analysed seven OMD patients and one VMD patient, all with heterozygous pathogenic RP1L1 variants. Clinical assessments included Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), visual field testing, Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT), multifocal Electroretinograms (mfERGs), and microperimetry. Next-generation sequencing was utilised for genetic analysis. Results The OMD patients displayed a range of phenotypic variability. Most (5 out of 7) had the RP1L1 variant c.133 C > T; p.R45W, associated with central vision loss and specific patterns in SD-OCT and mfERG. Two patients exhibited different RP1L1 variants (c.3599G > T; p.G1200V and c.2880G > C; p.W960C), presenting milder phenotypes. SD-OCT revealed photoreceptor layer changes, with most patients showing decreased mfERG responses in the central rings. Interestingly, a unique case of VMD linked to the RP1L1 variant was observed, distinct from traditional OMD presentations. Conclusions This study highlights the phenotypic diversity within OMD and the broader spectrum of RP1L1-associated macular dystrophies, including a novel association with VMD. The findings emphasise the complexity of RP1L1 variants in determining clinical manifestations, underscoring the need for comprehensive genetic and clinical evaluations in macular dystrophies.

Abstract Background Osteosarcoma is a soft tissue neoplasm with elevated recurrence risk and highly metastatic potential. Metal response element binding transcriptional factor 2 (MTF2) has been revealed to exert multiple activities in human tissues. The present research was conducted to explore the functions and related response mechanism of MTF2 in osteosarcoma which have not been introduced yet. Methods Bioinformatics tools identified the differential MTF2 expression in osteosarcoma tissues. MTF2 expression in osteosarcoma cells was examined with Western blot. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EDU) staining, wound healing as well as transwell assays measured cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Flow cytometry assay detected the cellular apoptotic level. Western blot also measured the expressions of proteins associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)/secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1)/Wnt signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay confirmed MTF2-EZH2 interaction. Results MTF2 expression was increased in osteosarcoma tissues and cells. MTF2 interference effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells and promoted the cellular apoptotic rate. MTF2 directly bound to EZH2 and MTF2 silence reduced EZH2 expression, activated SFRP1 expression and blocked Wnt signaling in osteosarcoma cells. EZH2 upregulation or SFRP1 antagonist WAY-316606 partly counteracted the impacts of MTF2 down-regulation on the SFRP1/Wnt signaling and the biological phenotypes of osteosarcoma cells. Conclusions MTF2 might down-regulate SFRP1 to activate Wnt signaling and drive the progression of osteosarcoma via interaction with EZH2 protein.

Neoconidiobolus lachnodes (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie was originally isolated from plant debris in Florida, United States of America, in 1954. Here, we report the first documented occurrence of N. lachnodes in central China. Morphologically, this fungus is characterized by its abundant aerial hyphae, typically arranged closely, with hyphae aggregating into chlamydospores during the later stages of growth. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the N. lachnodes isolate from China (RCEF 7519) is closely related to the reference strain N. lachnodes (ARSEF 700). To elucidate the phylogenetic position of N. lachnodes within the Neoconidiobolus lineage, we included two nucleotide sequences of EFL and mtSSU loci. This discovery significantly expands the known geographic distribution of N. lachnodes.

Abstract Revealing the influence of confining pressure on the propagation and formation mechanism of rock cracks under particle impact is significant to deep rock excavation. In this study, the three-dimensional fracture reconstruction of the rock after particle impact was carried out by CT scanning, and the stress and crack field evolution of the rock under particle impact were analyzed by PFC2D discrete element numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that after particles impact, a fracture zone and intergranular main crack propagation zone are formed in the rock. The shear stress and tensile stress caused by compressive stress are the main reasons for the formation of the fracture zone, while the formation of the intergranular main crack propagation zone is mainly due to tangential derived tensile stress. The confining pressure induces prestress between rock particles such that the derived tensile stress needs to overcome the initial compressive stress between the particles to form tensile fractures. And the increase in the confining pressure leads to increases in the proportion of shear cracks and friction effects between rock particles, resulting in an increase in energy consumption for the same number of cracks. From a macroscopic perspective, the confining pressure can effectively inhibit the generation of cracks.

Abstract Background Non-pharmaceutical measures and travel restrictions have halted the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza. Nonetheless, with COVID-19 restrictions lifted, an unanticipated outbreak of the influenza B/Victoria virus in late 2021 and another influenza H3N2 outbreak in mid-2022 occurred in Guangdong, southern China. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown. To better prepare for potential influenza outbreaks during COVID-19 pandemic, we studied the molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria that circulated during the COVID-19 pandemic in this region. Methods From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022, we collected throat swabs from 173,401 patients in Guangdong who had acute respiratory tract infections. Influenza viruses in the samples were tested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, followed by subtype identification and sequencing of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes. Phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses were performed on both genes from 403 samples. A rigorous molecular clock was aligned with the phylogenetic tree to measure the rate of viral evolution and the root-to-tip distance within strains in different years was assessed using regression curve models to determine the correlation. Results During the early period of COVID-19 control, various influenza viruses were nearly undetectable in respiratory specimens. When control measures were relaxed in January 2020, the influenza infection rate peaked at 4.94% (39/789) in December 2021, with the influenza B/Victoria accounting for 87.18% (34/39) of the total influenza cases. Six months later, the influenza infection rate again increased and peaked at 11.34% (255/2248) in June 2022; influenza A/H3N2 accounted for 94.51% (241/255) of the total influenza cases in autumn 2022. The diverse geographic distribution of HA genes of B/Victoria and A/H3N2 had drastically reduced, and most strains originated from China. The rate of B/Victoria HA evolution (3.11 × 10−3, P

Abstract Existing ice particle jet surface treatment technology is prone to ice particle adhesion during application, significantly affecting surface treatment efficiency. Based on the basic structure of the jet pump, the ice particle air jet surface treatment technology is proposed for the instant preparation and utilization of ice particles, solving the problem of ice particle adhesion and clogging. To achieve efficient utilization of ice particles and high-speed jetting, an integrated jet structure for ice particle ejection and acceleration was developed. The influence of the working nozzle position (L d), expansion ratio (n), and acceleration nozzle diameter ratio (D n) length-to-diameter ratio (L n) on the ice particle ejection and acceleration was systematically studied. The structural parameters of the ejector were determined using the impact kinetic energy of ice particles as the comprehensive evaluation index, and the surface treatment test was conducted to verify the results. The study shows that under 2 MPa air pressure, the ejector nozzle parameters of n = 1.5, D n = 4.0, L d = 4, and L n = 0 mm can effectively eject and accelerate the ice particles. The aluminum alloy plate depainting test obtained a larger paint removal radius and resulted in a smoother aluminum alloy plate surface, reducing the surface roughness from 3.194 ± 0.489 μm to 1.156 ± 0.136 μm. The immediate preparation and utilization of ice particles solved the problems of adhesion and storage in the engineering application of ice particle air jet technology, providing a feasible technical method in the field of material surface treatment.

Fractures and bone nonunion commonly require surgical intervention. Serious outcomes of non‐healing in the late stages of fracture place a significant financial burden on society and families. Bone nonunion occurs when a fracture stops healing, for many reasons, and leads to a variety of bad outcomes. Numerous factors, including biomechanics and immunology, are involved in the complicated mechanisms of bone nonunion. The immune‐inflammatory response plays a significant part in the emergence of bone nonunion, and the occurrence, control, and remission of inflammation in the bone healing process have a significant influence on the ultimate success of bone tissue repair. In the bone microenvironment, immune cells and associated cytokines control bone repair, which is significantly influenced by macrophages, T cells, and fibroblast growth factor. To limit acute inflammation and balance osteogenesis and osteoblastogenesis for tissue repair and regeneration, immune cells and various cytokines in the local microenvironment must be precisely regulated. As a bad complication of late‐stage fractures, bone nonunion has a significant effect on patients’ quality of life and socioeconomic development. Therefore, in‐depth research on its pathogenesis and treatment methods has important clinical value. To provide more precise, focused therapeutic options for the treatment of bone nonunion, we discuss the regulatory roles of the key immune cells engaged in bone healing within the microenvironment during bone healing and their effect on osteogenesis.

Objective The orthopedic surgical treatment strategies for patients with tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) require improvement, especially for patients where the causative tumors are located in surgically challenging areas, requiring a greater degree of in‐depth investigation. This work aims to summarize and investigate clinical features and orthopedic surgical treatment effects of patients with tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO), whose causative tumors are located in the hip bones. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of all patients diagnosed with culprit tumors located in the hip bones who underwent surgical treatment at the orthopedic bone and soft tissue tumor sub‐professional group of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2013 to January 2023. This retrospective study summarized the clinical data, preoperative laboratory test results, imaging findings, surgery‐related data, perioperative changes in blood phosphorus levels, and postoperative follow‐up data of all patients who met the inclusion criteria. Normally distributed data are presented as mean and standard deviation, while non‐normally distributed data are shown as the means and 25th and 75th interquartile ranges. Results The clinical diagnostic criteria for TIO were met by all 16 patients, as confirmed by pathology after surgery. Among the 16 patients, we obtained varying degrees of bone pain and limited mobility (16/16), often accompanied by difficulties in sitting up, walking, and fatigue. An estimated 62.5% (10/16) of patients had significantly shorter heights during the disease stages. All 16 patients underwent surgical treatment for tumors in the hip bones, totaling 21 surgeries. In the pathogenic tumor, there were 16 cases of skeletal involvement and none of pure soft tissue involvement. Out of the 16 patients, 13 cases had a gradual increase in blood phosphorus levels following the latest orthopedic surgery, which was followed up for 12 months to 10 years. Due to unresolved conditions after the original surgery, four patients received reoperation intervention. Two cases of refractory TIO did not improve in their disease course. Conclusion In summary, the location of the causative tumor in the hip bone is hidden and diverse, and there is no defined orthopedic surgical intervention method for this case in clinical practice. For patients with TIO where the tumors are located in the hip bones, surgical treatment is difficult and the risk of postoperative recurrence is high. Careful identification of the tumor edge using precise preoperative positioning and qualitative diagnosis is crucial to ensure adequate boundaries for surgical resection to reduce the likelihood of disease recurrence and improve prognosis.

Tunnelling has increasingly become an essential tool in the exploration of underground space. A typical construction problem is the face instability during tunnelling, posing a great threat to associated infrastructures. Tunnel face instability often occurs with the soil arching collapse. This study investigates the combined effect of cutterhead opening ratio and soil non-uniformity on soil arching effect and face stability, via conducting random finite-element analysis coupled with Monte–Carlo simulations. The results underscore that the face stability is strongly associated with the evolution of stress arch. The obtained stability factors in the uniform soils can serve as a reference for the design of support pressure in practical tunnelling engineering. In addition, non-uniform soils exhibit a lower stability factor than uniform soils, which implies that the latter likely yields an underestimated probability of face failure. The tunnel face is found to have a probability of failure more than 50% if the spatial non-uniformity of soil is ignored. In the end, a practical framework is established to determine factor of safety (FOS) corresponding to different levels of probability of face failure considering various opening ratios in non-uniform soils. The required FOS is 1.70 to limit the probability of face instability no more than 0.1%. Our findings can facilitate the prediction of probability of instability in the conventionally deterministic design of face pressure.

Currently, the hierarchical structure is one of the most effective means to enhance the strength and plasticity of metal materials, since the strain localization can be effectively delayed by the coordination of the unique microstructure. In this study, a hierarchical structure of Mg-15Gd-1Zn-0.4Zr (GZ151K) alloys containing grain, twin, and precipitation structural units was prepared by ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) and recrystallization annealing (RU). The results showed that the stress gradient generated by USRP formed a twin gradient structure, which will activate the twin-assisted precipitation (TAP) effect and twin-induced recrystallization (TIR) effect during RU. Then, the twin gradient structure transformed into a twin-precipitation gradient structure, and finally into a hierarchical structure with grain-twin-precipitation as the increasement of recrystallization degree. Besides, the dual gradient structure with twin and precipitation structural units had the highest strength and microhardness owing to the precipitation strengthening. However, the hierarchical structure with grain, twin, and precipitation structural units exhibited the most excellent combination of strength and plasticity under grain refinement and precipitation strengthening.

Stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED) holds great potential in biological science applications, especially in studying nanoscale subcellular structures. However, multi-color STED imaging in live-cell remains challenging due to the limited excitation wavelengths and large amount of laser radiation. Here, we develop a multiplexed live-cell STED method to observe more structures simultaneously with limited photo-bleaching and photo-cytotoxicity. By separating live-cell fluorescent probes with similar spectral properties using phasor analysis, our method enables five-color live-cell STED imaging and reveals long-term interactions between different subcellular structures. The results here provide an avenue for understanding the complex and delicate interactome of subcellular structures in live-cell.

The supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) jet has a wide application prospect in drilling engineering, and its low coal breaking pressure threshold and high efficiency can improve drilling efficiency. But it has the problems of high coal breaking threshold pressure and system energy consumption, which limits its application. The high pulse pressure and resonance effect of the self-excited oscillation pulse SC-CO2 jet can effectively reduce the coal breaking threshold pressure and significantly improve the coal breaking efficiency. Based on this, the variation law and comprehensive effect of the self-oscillating pulse SC-CO2 jet pulse frequency and pulse pressure amplitude at different target distances were studied. Large eddy simulation was used to analyze the flow field structure of the jet, and the variation laws of the pulse frequency and pressure amplitude in the axial direction of the flow field were clarified. The effect of the target distance on the impact frequency and impact pressure of the jet was studied by pulse characteristics test experiment, and the comprehensive effect of pulse characteristics on coal breaking was studied by coal breaking experiment. It was concluded that the pulse frequency and pulse pressure amplitude of the self-oscillation pulsed SC-CO2 jet do not remain constant in the axial direction of the jet, and they gradually decrease with the increasing target distance. Considering only the pulse frequency cannot maximize the resonance effect, and it is necessary to comprehensively consider the influence of pulse frequency and pressure amplitude on the resonance effect. Using displacement response amplitude to characterize resonance effect can reflect the comprehensive influence of frequency and amplitude on resonance. When the target distance is small, from 0 mm to 15 mm, the main influencing factor of the displacement response amplitude is the pulse pressure amplitude. When the target distance is large, from 15 mm to 30 mm, the main influencing factor is pulse frequency. In addition, reducing the pulse frequency and increasing the pressure amplitude can effectively improve the displacement response amplitude. The transition positions of the main influencing factors of displacement response amplitude under different nozzle structure conditions are different, and the optimal target distance is also not the same. In this study, the optimal target distance for nozzle a is 22 mm, where the displacement response amplitude is the largest and the coal breaking effect is the best, while the optimal target distance for nozzle b is 26 mm.

Abstract Having an accurate understanding of the scale effect of surface morphology characteristics is crucial to examining the mechanical behavior of rock structural plane. At present, the quantification and sampling methods of surface morphology show diversity, which is the potential reason for the inconsistent research conclusions on scale effect. Firstly, based on mathematical statistics and correlation analysis, the most representative parameter is proposed from hundreds of morphological parameters. Then, the previous scale effect sampling methods are analyzed. In order to ensure that the selected samples are representative, a novel sampling method, considering all morphological information, is proposed. By means of the novel quantification and sampling methods, the size effect characteristics are systematically analyzed. Under the conditions of different rock types, shear directions and sampling locations, etc., discontinuity roughness does not change significantly with sampling scale. As sampling scale increases, the distribution range of representative samples is gradually concentrated, the total amount decreases, and the proportion increases. However, the distribution of representative samples on the initial structural plane does not show obvious regularity. These findings would provide theoretical support for the deformation control and stability analysis of rock mass in engineering.

Abstract Background Intestinal necrosis in uremic patients has been reported but is rare. Case presentation A 56-year-old male patient who underwent long-term regular haemodialysis was admitted to the hospital due to involuntary shaking of the limbs and nonsense speech. The patient’s symptoms improved after continuous blood purification under heparin anticoagulation, rehydration, sedation, and correction of electrolyte disturbances. However, the patient experienced a sudden onset of abdominal pain and a rapid decrease in blood pressure; high-dose norepinephrine were required to maintain his blood pressure. A plain abdominal radiograph performed at bedside showed intestinal dilation. Colonoscopy revealed inflammation and oedema of the entire colon, with purulent secretions and multiple areas of patchy necrosis. The cause of intestinal ischaemia was not clear. Conclusions Although rare, previous causes of uremic colitis have been reported. As the patient developed abdominal pain before the onset of shock and the necrosis was seen on colonoscopy, we suspect that this is a case of fulminant uremic colitis.

Abstract Conventional macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B-ketolide (MLSBK) antibiotics are unable to counter the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance that is conferred by the constitutive methylation of rRNA base A2058 or its G2058 mutation, while the presence of unmodified A2058 is crucial for high selectivity of traditional MLSBK in targeting pathogens over human cells. The absence of effective modes of action reinforces the prevailing belief that constitutively antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus remains impervious to existing macrolides including telithromycin. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a novel series of macrolides, featuring the strategic fusion of ketolide and quinolone moieties. Our effort led to the discovery of two potent compounds, MCX-219 and MCX-190, demonstrating enhanced antibacterial efficacy against a broad spectrum of formidable pathogens, including A2058-methylated Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and notably, the clinical Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates harboring A2058G mutations which are implicated in the recent pneumonia outbreak in China. Mechanistic studies reveal that the modified quinolone moiety of MCX-190 establishes a distinctive secondary binding site within the nascent peptide exit tunnel. Structure-activity relationship analysis underscores the importance of this secondary binding, maintained by a sandwich-like π–π stacking interaction and a water–magnesium bridge, for effective engagement with A2058-methylated ribosomes rather than topoisomerases targeted by quinolone antibiotics. Our findings not only highlight MCX-219 and MCX-190 as promising candidates for next-generation MLSBK antibiotics to combat antibiotic resistance, but also pave the way for the future rational design of the class of MLSBK antibiotics, offering a strategic framework to overcome the challenges posed by escalating antibiotic resistance.

Background: Cannabidiol (CBD), extracted from Cannabis sativa, has anticancer, anti-inflammation, and analgesic effects. Nevertheless, its therapeutic effect and the mechanism by which it alleviates oral mucositis (OM) remain unclear. Aims: To explore the impact of CBD on OM in mice and on human oral keratinocyte (HOK) cells. Study Design: Expiremental study. Methods: The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, GeneCard, DisGeNET, and Gene Expression Omnibus databases were used to conduct therapeutic target gene screening for drugs against OM. Cytoscape software was used to build networks linking components, targets, and diseases. The STRING database facilitated analysis of intertarget action relationships, and the target genes were analyzed for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment. Occurrence of serum inflammation-related factors, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess OM injury. Cell proliferation, migration, pyroptosis, and apoptosis of HOK cells under different treatments were assessed. Molecular mechanisms were elucidated through western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. Results: A total of 49 overlapping genes were pinpointed as potential targets, with NF-κB1, PIK3R1, NF-κBIA, and AKT1 being recognized as hub genes among them. Additionally, the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and interleukin-17 signaling pathways were identified as relevant. Our in vivo experiments showed that CBD significantly reduced the proportion of lesion area, mitigated oral mucosal tissue lesions, and downregulated the expression levels of genes and levels of proteins, including NLRP3, P65, AKT, and PI3K. In vitro experiments indicated that CBD enhanced HOK cell proliferation and migration and reduced apoptosis through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway and pyroptosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a novel mechanism for controlling OM, in which CBD suppresses the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway and pyroptosis, thereby mitigating OM symptoms.

Abstract As the node positioning of underwater wireless sensor networks is easily affected by tidal motion, ocean current motion and multipath effect, the node positioning accuracy is low. In order to better improve the positioning accuracy of moving nodes of underwater wireless sensor networks, a method of locating mobile nodes of underwater wireless sensor based on tidal motion model is proposed. Firstly, the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) localization optimized by niche genetic algorithm is used to initialize each node. The integration of niche technology can effectively find multiple excellent solutions in the solution space, thus providing more abundant solution choices. This algorithm has excellent performance in multi-modal optimization problems, and can avoid the algorithm falling into local optimal solutions, so as to obtain more comprehensive optimization results. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better positioning accuracy than the traditional Chan algorithm and Taylor algorithm. Then, each node is updated in real time by the optimized tidal movement model formula predicted by Kalman filter algorithm. The prediction algorithm is used to compare the real-time predicted update position of the node with the actual position. The positioning distance error of the prediction algorithm is also enough to meet the practical application requirements.

Abstract This work introduces and discusses the impacts of the water bridge on gas adsorption and diffusion behaviors in a shale gas-bearing formation. The density distribution of the water bridge has been analyzed in micropores and meso-slit by molecular dynamics. Na+ and Cl− have been introduced into the system to mimic a practical encroachment environment and compared with pure water to probe the deviation in water bridge distribution. Additionally, practical subsurface scenarios, including pressure and temperature, are examined to reveal the effects on gas adsorption and diffusion properties, determining the shale gas transportation in realistic shale formation. The outcomes suggest carbon dioxide (CO2) usually has higher adsorption than methane (CH4) with a water bridge. Increasing temperature hinders gas adsorption, density distribution decreases in all directions. Increasing pressure facilitates gas adsorption, particularly as a bulk phase in the meso-slit, whereas it restricts gas diffusion by enhancing the interaction strength between gas and shale. Furthermore, ions make the water bridge distributes more unity and shifts to the slit center, impeding gas adsorption onto shale while encouraging gas diffusion. This study provides updated guidelines for gas adsorption and transportation characteristics and supports the fundamental understanding of industrial shale gas exploration and transportation.

Abstract Mitochondrial gene expression relies on mitoribosomes to translate mitochondrial mRNAs. The biogenesis of mitoribosomes is an intricate process involving multiple assembly factors. Among these factors, GTP-binding proteins (GTPBPs) play important roles. In bacterial systems, numerous GTPBPs are required for ribosome subunit maturation, with EngB being a GTPBP involved in the ribosomal large subunit assembly. In this study, we focus on exploring the function of GTPBP8, the human homolog of EngB. We find that ablation of GTPBP8 leads to the inhibition of mitochondrial translation, resulting in significant impairment of oxidative phosphorylation. Structural analysis of mitoribosomes from GTPBP8 knock-out cells shows the accumulation of mitoribosomal large subunit assembly intermediates that are incapable of forming functional monosomes. Furthermore, fPAR-CLIP analysis reveals that GTPBP8 is an RNA-binding protein that interacts specifically with the mitochondrial ribosome large subunit 16 S rRNA. Our study highlights the role of GTPBP8 as a component of the mitochondrial gene expression machinery involved in mitochondrial large subunit maturation.

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) causes severe organ damage, worsened by high-altitude conditions with lower oxygen and temperatures. Existing research lacks specific insights on brain and heart damage under these conditions. This study hypothesizes that high-altitude and cold (HAC) environments exacerbate HS-induced damage in the brain and heart, aiming to improve treatment strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (200–250 g of weight) were randomly assigned into sham, HS + normal, HS + HAC (4,000 m), and HS + HAC (6,000 m). The HS model was established in SD rats (35% loss of total blood volume), and histopathological injuries of the brain and heart were detected using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Sirius red staining, and immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis of the brain and heart tissues was detected by terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) immunofluorescence staining. To determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1), BCL2-associated X (BAX), and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) protein, western blotting assay was used. RESULTS: The HAC environment induced pathological damage to the brain and heart and aggravated the degree of cardiac fibrosis in HS rats. However, it did not cause apoptosis of the brain and heart. In addition, it upregulated TNF-α, IFN-γ, Mcp-1, and BAX protein levels, but downregulated Mcl-1 protein levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The HAC environment aggravated the degree of brain and heart damage in HS rats, which may be related to neuron nucleus pyknosis, myocardial fibrosis, and inflammatory and apoptosis activation.

The SC-CO2 jet drilling and completion technology can ensure the stability of coalbed methane wells, improve drilling speed and rock breaking efficiency, and has a wide application prospect. However, the high energy consumption and complex system of coal breaking limit its engineering application. The impact frequency of self-excited oscillation pulse SC-CO2 jet is the same as the natural frequency of coal and rock mass or satisfies the phase relationship, which can give full play to the resonance effect and achieve a better coal breaking effect. The nozzle structure is the key to affect the jet impact frequency. The existing frequency modulation method of self-resonating pulsed water jet is not suitable for the SC-CO2 jet. In order to realize the modulation of the impact frequency of the SC-CO2 jet, a large eddy simulation was used to study the influence law of different nozzle structures on the impact frequency of self-excited oscillation pulse SC-CO2 jet, and the influence degree of different nozzle structure parameters on jet impact frequency was obtained by weight analysis. The influence rule of nozzle structure on the jet impact frequency and the reliability of jet impact frequency modulation method are verified by jet impact frequency measurement experiment and coal breaking experiment. The results show that the diameter and length of the oscillating cavity, and the angle of the collision wall are the key factors affecting the jet impact frequency. The jet impact frequency can be substantially modulated by adjusting the structure of the oscillating cavity, so as to achieve the resonance effect. By adjusting the oscillating cavity structure, the jet impact frequency forms resonance with the inherent frequency of coal, then the coal breaking effect is significantly improved, and the smaller the resonance multiplier, the better the coal breaking effect of the jet, which can effectively improve the coal breaking efficiency. When the natural frequency of coal is 25 Hz, the outlet diameter of the upstream and downstream nozzle is set as 2.5 mm and 3.0 mm, and the diameter, length and angle of the oscillating chamber are adjusted to 10 mm, 3 mm and 120° respectively. The jet impact frequency reaches 25051.83 Hz, which is 1002.0 times of the natural frequency of coal and forms a resonance effect with the natural frequency of coal, effectively improves the coal breaking efficiency.