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Backround. The aim of this study was to examine the expression levels of the Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), Vitamin D receptor (VDR), Human 8-oxoguanine DNA N-glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) genes in bladder cancer patients, according to clinical staging and determine the levels of potential therapeutic targets in serum samples. Material and Methods. Tissue and serum samples of patients who underwent transurethral resection (TUR) between 2017 and 2018 were obtained. Levels of TXNIP, hOGG1, and VDR genes were assessed using Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while levels of Thioredoxin (Trx), 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3) were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) method. Selenium levels were also measured using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) in both tissue and serum samples. The protein-protein interactions and molecular and biological function of the proteins were assessed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.0. Results. The TXNIP gene showed higher expression in low-grade bladder cancer patients up to stage T1, but decreased in high-grade T1 and T2 stages. Both VDR and hOGG1 gene expressions were consistently lower across all clinical subgroups. No significant differences were found in serum 25(OH)D3, 8-OHdG, Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Alpha (HIF-1α), selenium (Se), and tissue Se levels. Conclusions. TXNIP mRNA expression was remarkably lower in advanced stages. VDR and hOGG1 expression were low in all bladder cancer subgroups. These parameters could serve as potential targets for preventing or treating bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to reveal the change of urological emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the same period of the previous year. Methods: The number of admissions to the emergency department (ED), admissions to the urology outpatient clinic, emergency urological consultations, and urological and emergency urological surgeries during the periods April-November-2019 and April- November-2020 were recorded. The data of the COVID-19 period were compared with the previous year. Results: While the number of admissions to the urological outpatient clinic was 160,447 during the COVID period, it was 351,809 during the non-COVID period. The number of admissions to the ED decreased from 3.2 million to 2.4. The number of admissions to the urology outpatient clinic significantly decreased by 54% during the pandemic (p=0.001). Percutaneous cystostomy performed due to acute urinary obstruction decreased by 27.96%, double J stent, nephrostomy decreased by 16.61%, and ureterorenoscopy decreased by 12.26%. Urogenital trauma also decreased. On the contrary, surgical procedures performed due to penile fracture, gross hematuria, Fournier gangrene, and testicular torsion increased. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant decrease was observed in non-COVID patients' admissions to the emergency and urology department, and in urologic surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to reveal the change of urological emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the same period of the previous year., Methods: The number of admissions to the emergency department (ED), admissions to the urology outpatient clinic, emergency urological consultations, and urological and emergency urological surgeries during the periods April-November-2019 and April-November-2020 were recorded. The data of the COVID-19 period were compared with the previous year., Results: While the number of admissions to the urological outpatient clinic was 160,447 during the COVID period, it was 351,809 during the non-COVID period. The number of admissions to the ED decreased from 3.2 million to 2.4. The number of admissions to the urology outpatient clinic significantly decreased by 54% during the pandemic (p=0.001). Percutaneous cystostomy performed due to acute urinary obstruction decreased by 27.96%, double J stent, nephrostomy decreased by 16.61%, and ureterorenoscopy decreased by 12.26%. Urogenital trauma also decreased. On the contrary, surgical procedures performed due to penile fracture, gross hematuria, Fournier gangrene, and testicular torsion increased., Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant decrease was observed in non-COVID patients' admissions to the emergency and urology department, and in urologic surgeries., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None declared., (©Copyright 2022 by The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital - Available online at www.sislietfaltip.org.)