Search

Background/Objectives: This paper will compare the outcomes—safety and efficacy—of three minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGSs),the Hydrus Microstent, iStent, and Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy (GATT), for intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: A literature search of Ovid Medline and Embase identified studies evaluating the Hydrus, iStent, and GATT. Data on IOP reduction, medication use, and complications were analyzed. Results: Studies show the Hydrus, iStent, and GATT reduce IOP and medication burden in POAG patients, with some complications. For the Hydrus, studies showed 37.09% (27.5 ± 4.4 to 17.3 ± 3.7 mmHg) and 25% (16.8 to 12.6 mmHg) IOP reduction. Meanwhile, medication burden decreased from 2.5 ± 0.7 to 1.0 and from 2.1 to 1.15. For the iStent, studies showed a 36.39% (21.1 to 13.4 mmHg) and 8.19% (17.1 to 15.7 mmHg) IOP drop. Medication burden decreased from 2.87 to 1.24 and from 1.7 to 0.26. For GATT, studies showed a 49.33% (27.70 ± 10.30 to 14.04 ± 3.75) and 39.09% (26.40 ± 6.37 to 16.08 ± 2.38) IOP drop. Medication burden reduced from 3.73 ± 0.98 to 1.82 ± 1.47 and from 3.12 ± 0.80 to 0.45 ± 0.96. Conclusions: The Hydrus, iStent, and GATT are effective alternatives to trabeculectomy for mild to moderate POAG. They reduce and control IOP and dependence on medications with manageable safety profiles. In all three options, there were some clinically significant complications based on the p-value. For the Hydrus, it was PAS. For the iStent, they were PAS, FB sensation, IOP spikes, and microhyphema. For GATT, it was IOP spikes. However, further long-term studies, especially randomized controlled trials, are needed to support these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the dispute between Egypt and Ethiopia over the legality of the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile river and the legal principles of international law of watercourses as applicable to the dam which may be applied to resolve the dispute peacefully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Money laundering is one of the most serious economic crimes, since being the link between all criminal activities that generate substantial illegal profits and it has always shown that it is a serious threat to national and international economy. Therefore, most countries and organizations fight against this crime by several means and methods. Since the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is an integral part of the international community, has its continuous economic reform, creates economic legislation system that aims to create an appropriate climate for economic development to encourage investments and trade liberalization, and tries to attract Arab and foreign capitals to participate in development projects, the UAE issued several legalizations to fight this crime. Thus, this paper defines the concept of money laundering and shows the economic effects of such crime. It also identifies the ways and methods to fight against this serious crime in national and International levels. Finally, the paper concludes with the main findings and recommendations for preventing money laundering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a lot of debate as to the validity of anticipatory self-defense in international law in the current world. Anticipatory self-defense can be portrayed in an instance in which a state uses force against an imminent armed attack. This premise, therefore, seeks to examine in detail the jurisprudential debate on this topic and also examine some of the important state practices and International Court of Justice (ICJ) cases and how they relate to the standards that were set by the Caroline Doctrine in 1837. The study determined that it was difficult to determine whether or not most state practices can be classified as self-defense. The ICJ, on the other hand, has also never admitted the legality of anticipatory self-defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]